Atlas of the vascular flora of the Iberian Peninsula biodiversity hotspot (AFLIBER)

Motivation: We accessed published and unpublished floristic sources to compile a comprehensive species list of the Iberian–Balearic terrestrial vascular flora and generate AFLIBER, an accurate floristic database of georeferenced plant occurrence records. Main type of variable contained: Species distribution data totalling 1,824,549 plant occurrence records corresponding to 6,456 species and subspecies. Spatial location and grain: The western Mediterranean, including inland territories of Spain, Portugal and Andorra and the adjacent archipelagos of Berlengas, Columbretes and the Balearic Islands, covered by 6,316 UTM quadrangular grid cells of 10 km resolution. Time period: All distributional trustable records were considered to create the AFLIBER database, most of them dating from the 1960s onwards. Major taxa and level of measurement: Terrestrial vascular plant species and subspecies. Software format: Data are supplied as comma-separated text (csv) files

The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer, MEDA. A Suite of Environmental Sensors for the Mars 2020 Mission

86 pags., 49 figs., 24 tabs.NASA’s Mars 2020 (M2020) rover mission includes a suite of sensors to monitor current environmental conditions near the surface of Mars and to constrain bulk aerosol properties from changes in atmospheric radiation at the surface. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) consists of a set of meteorological sensors including wind sensor, a barometer, a relative humidity sensor, a set of 5 thermocouples to measure atmospheric temperature at ∼1.5 m and ∼0.5 m above the surface, a set of thermopiles to characterize the thermal IR brightness temperatures of the surface and the lower atmosphere. MEDA adds a radiation and dust sensor to monitor the optical atmospheric properties that can be used to infer bulk aerosol physical properties such as particle size distribution, non-sphericity, and concentration. The MEDA package and its scientific purpose are described in this document as well as how it responded to the calibration tests and how it helps prepare for the human exploration of Mars. A comparison is also presented to previous environmental monitoring payloads landed on Mars on the Viking, Pathfinder, Phoenix, MSL, and InSight spacecraft.This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through the projects No. ESP2014-54256-C4-1-R (also -2-R, -3-R and -4-R) and AYA2015-65041-P; Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, projects No. ESP2016-79612-C3-1-R (also -2-R and -3-R), ESP2016-80320-C2-1-R, RTI2018-098728-B-C31 (also -C32 and -C33) and RTI2018-099825-B-C31; Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial; Ministry of Science and Innovation’s Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology; Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1366-19; and European Research Council Consolidator Grant no 818602. The US co-authors performed their work under sponsorship from NASA’s Mars 2020 project, from the Game Changing Development program within the Space Technology Mission Directorate and from the Human Exploration and Operations Directorate

The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer, MEDA. A Suite of Environmental Sensors for the Mars 2020 Mission

86 pags, 49 figs, 24 tabsNASA's Mars 2020 (M2020) rover mission includes a suite of sensors to monitor current environmental conditions near the surface of Mars and to constrain bulk aerosol properties from changes in atmospheric radiation at the surface. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) consists of a set of meteorological sensors including wind sensor, a barometer, a relative humidity sensor, a set of 5 thermocouples to measure atmospheric temperature at ∼1.5 m and ∼0.5 m above the surface, a set of thermopiles to characterize the thermal IR brightness temperatures of the surface and the lower atmosphere. MEDA adds a radiation and dust sensor to monitor the optical atmospheric properties that can be used to infer bulk aerosol physical properties such as particle size distribution, non-sphericity, and concentration. The MEDA package and its scientific purpose are described in this document as well as how it responded to the calibration tests and how it helps prepare for the human exploration of Mars. A comparison is also presented to previous environmental monitoring payloads landed on Mars on the Viking, Pathfinder, Phoenix, MSL, and InSight spacecraft.This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through the projects No. ESP2014-54256-C4-1-R (also -2-R, -3-R and -4-R) and AYA2015-65041-P; Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, projects No. ESP2016-79612-C3-1-R (also -2-R and -3-R), ESP2016-80320-C2-1-R, RTI2018-098728-B-C31 (also -C32 and -C33) and RTI2018-099825-B-C31; Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial; Ministry of Science and Innovation's Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology; Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1366-19; and European Research Council Consolidator Grant no 818602.Peer reviewe

An Artificial Immune Ecosystem Model for Hybrid Cloud Supervision

International audienceIn this paper, we propose a new approach to the performance supervision of complex and heterogeneous infrastructures found in hybrid cloud networks, which typically consist of hundreds or thousands of interconnected servers and networking devices. This hardware and the quality of the interconnections is monitored by sampling specific metrics (such as bandwidth usage, CPU time, packet loss...) using probes, and raising alarms in case of an anomaly. We study an Artificial Immune Ecosystem model derived from the Artificial Immune Systems (AIS) algorithms to perform distributed analysis of the data collected throughout the network by these probes. In particular, we use the low variability of the measured data to derive statistical approaches to outlier detection, instead of the traditional stochastic antibody generation and selection method. The failure modes and baseline behaviour of the metrics being monitored (such as bandwidth usage, CPU time, packet loss...) are recorded in a distributed learning process and increase the system's ability to react quickly to suspiscious events. By matching the data with only a small number of failure signatures, we reduce the overall computations required to operate the system with respect to traditional AIS, therefore allowing its deployment on low-end monitoring servers or virtual machines. We demonstrate that a very small computational overhead allows the supervision engine to react much faster than the monitoring solutions currently in use

Effects of abiotic stress on sink and source affecting grain yield and quality of durum wheat : a model evaluation

Heat and drought affect grain yield and quality of wheat through sink development and source capacity. Improving grain yield and quality requires an optimization of dynamic interactions of both storage and photosynthetic processes. Seed nitrogen accumulation and the resulting quality traits can be simulated using ecophysiological models. Differences in stress tolerance between genotypes are reflected in individual grain weights and grain yields per culm rather than in rate of leaf photosynthesis. Narrowing the gap between genetic potential and phenotypic expression requires knowledge about the physiological mechanism of increasing sink strength and source capacity A new model to study genotype-by-environment interaction (GECROS) is used to integrate effects of stresses on sink-source processes and on grain yield and quality. GECROS models each process with a consistent level of detail and deals with interactive aspects and feedback mechanisms of crop growth. This applies to photosynthesis-transpiration-coupling via stomatal conductance, carbon-nitrogen interaction on leaf area index, functional balance between shoot and root activities, and the interplay between supply and demand affecting reserve formation and remobilization An evaluation of abiotic stress effects on durum wheat in a Mediterranean climate, aiming at a time-resolved simulation of sink-source interactions during stress periods at different stages of development, will b