Problemática de la taxonomía del género cannabis

Se considera el cáñamo como una de las plantas más extendidas, sin embargo existe hoy un consenso entre los botánicos que están de acuerdo con una sola especie Cannabis sativa L. Hay que reconocer qué variedades de otros epititos específicos están todavía usadas por algunos autores, especialmente C. ruderalis Janisch. y C. indica Lam.Hemp is considered as one of the widespread plants. Although a consensus of botanists today agree that only one species, Cannabis sativa L. It should be reconized, that a variety of other specific epithets, specially C. ruderalis Janisch. and C. indica Lam., are still used by sorne authors

Influence of tetracycline on the microbial community composition and activity of nitrifying biofilms

The present work aims to evaluate the bacterial composition and activity (carbon and nitrogen removal) of nitrifying biofilms exposed to 50 μg L−1 of tetracycline. The tetracycline removal efficiency and the occurrence of tetracycline resistance (tet) genes were also studied. Two sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs) fed with synthetic wastewater were operated without (SBBR1) and with (SBBR2) the antibiotic. Both SBBRs showed similar organic matter biodegradation and nitrification activity. Tetracycline removal was about 28% and biodegradation was probably the principal removal mechanism of the antibiotic. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of the bacterial community showed shifts leading to not only the fading of some ribotypes, but also the emergence of new ones in the biofilm with tetracycline. The study of the tet genes showed that tet(S) was only detected in the biofilm with tetracycline, suggesting a relationship between its occurrence and the presence of the antibiotic.The work described in this paper was financially supported by FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology (Portugal) - by the PhD student grant SFRH/BD/44596/2008

Morphometry, Oil Yield and Fatty Acid Profile of Cannabis Achenes from the Chefchaouen Region

The achenes evaluated had average dimensions of 4. 242 ± 0. 329 mm long, 3. 38 ± 0. 294 mm wide, 2.75 ± 0. 227 mm thick. They contained an average moisture of 7. 614 ± 1. 623 and an average mass of 0.01808 ± 0. 0038 g. No significant differences in the yields of the oil obtained by hexane and press extraction (p-value>0. 05), they varied respectively from 31. 36 % ± 0. 05 to 36. 86 % ± 1. 79 and 21. 47% ± 2. 45 to 25. 04 % ± 0. 46. Among the fatty acids in the mechanically extracted vegetable oil from the five achene varieties, the order of abundance of the identified components was the same. The linoleic acids they account for more than 86 % of the total α-predominant fatty acids are linoleic and fatty acids. PUFA/SFA ratio ranged from 5. 5 ± 1. 58 to 8. 96 ± 0. 23. The n-6/n-3 ratio varied from 1. 53 ± 0. 02 to 1. 78 ± 0. 0. The quotients recorded in our study are likely to be of nutritional interest since a ratio between 1/1 and 2/1 is considered ideal

Canadian Experiment for Soil Moisture in 2010 (CanEX-SM10): Overview and Preliminary Results

The Canadian Experiment for Soil Moisture in 2010 (CanEx-SM10) was carried out in Saskatchewan, Canada from 31 May to 16 June, 2010. Its main objective was to contribute to Soil Moisture and Ocean salinity (SMOS) mission validation and the pre-launch assessment of Soil Moisture and Active and Passive (SMAP) mission. During CanEx-SM10, SMOS data as well as other passive and active microwave measurements were collected by both airborne and satellite platforms. Ground-based measurements of soil (moisture, temperature, roughness, bulk density) and vegetation characteristics (Leaf Area Index, biomass, vegetation height) were conducted close in time to the airborne and satellite acquisitions. Besides, two ground-based in situ networks provided continuous measurements of meteorological conditions and soil moisture and soil temperature profiles. Two sites, each covering 33 km x 71 km (about two SMOS pixels) were selected in agricultural and boreal forested areas in order to provide contrasting soil and vegetation conditions. This paper describes the measurement strategy, provides an overview of the data sets and presents preliminary results. Over the agricultural area, the airborne L-band brightness temperatures matched up well with the SMOS data. The Radio frequency interference (RFI) observed in both SMOS and the airborne L-band radiometer data exhibited spatial and temporal variability and polarization dependency. The temporal evolution of SMOS soil moisture product matched that observed with the ground data, but the absolute soil moisture estimates did not meet the accuracy requirements (0.04 m3/m3) of the SMOS mission. AMSR-E soil moisture estimates are more closely correlated with measured soil moisture

Valorization of two biological materials in the treatment of tannery effluents by filtration

The present study aims at the valorization of two natural materials such as marine sand and wood sawdust in the treatment of tannery effluents taken directly from an industrial unit located in the Dokkarat, district of Fez. The technique used is that of column filtration. Physicochemical characterization such as COD,,  Cr, etc. as well as microbiological analysis such as total germs (TG), Total Coliforms (TC), Faecal Coliforms (FC), etc. of the effluent, before and after filtration by the two supports used, were performed. The two filtering materials were previously characterized by DRX, IR-FTIR and SEM-EDX. The results obtained show that the latter two are effective in the treatment of the effluent, especially with the wood sawdust filter. Indeed, the removal rate (RR) of COD,, SS, EC,  and Cr is in the order of 90.79%, 86.04%, 83.3%, 80%, 96.7% and 84.07% for the sawdust filter, while for the marine sand filter these values are of 81.5%, 79.9%, 79.2%, 66.6%, 94.4% and 56.15%, respectively

Composición en ácidos grasos del aceite de los aquenios de cinco variedades climáticas marroquíes de Cannabis.

The fatty acid composition of achene oil from five Cannabis climatic cultivars cultivated in the nort of Morrocco is determined. Linoleic acid predominated (40 to 45%), followed by linolenic (12 to 17%) and oleic (7 to 10%) acids. Differences in the fatty acid composition of oils are attributed to environmental factors.Se estudia la composición en ácidos grasos del aceite de los aquenios de cinco variedades climáticas del cáñamo (Cannabis sativa L) cultivadas en el norte de Marruecos. Predomina el ácido linoleico (40 a 45%) seguido por el linolénico (12 a 17%) y el oleico (7 a 10%). Las diferencias en la composición de los ácidos grasos del aceite se atribuyen a factores ambientales

Potential inhibition of ALDH by argan oil compounds, computational approach by docking, ADMET and molecular dynamics

Actuellement, les choix pour traiter l'alcoolisme sont limités, le disulfirame étant la principale option, malgré son lien notable avec les effets indésirables (Chick et al., 1992 ; Ho et al., 2007 ; Hughes et Cook, 1997 ; Kleczkowska et al., 2021) . Ainsi, l'objectif principal de cette étude est d'explorer des voies de traitement alternatives. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons examiné l'impact de l'huile d'argan et de composés spécifiques, reconnus pour leur présence importante dans l'huile, sur le métabolisme de l'alcool. Cette exploration impliquait d'évaluer l'affinité et la stabilité de ces molécules avec l'ALDH, une enzyme cruciale dans le métabolisme de l'alcool, en utilisant des outils informatiques tels que "AutoDock Vina, ( Morris et al., 2008) ", "Desmond" et des logiciels similaires (Daina et al. , 2017 ; Pires et al., 2015) et en examinant l'influence de l'huile d'argan sur les changements temporels du taux d'alcoolémie en utilisant un kit de mesure du taux d'alcoolémie. Les résultats des deux segments étaient encourageants, car l'affinité collective des molécules avec l'ALDH dépassait celle de la molécule de référence « disulfirame ». Notamment, l'alpha-tocophérol et le spinastérol ont présenté une stabilité supérieure. En phase pratique, l'huile d'argan, associée à ces molécules, a réduit significativement le taux d'alcoolémie par rapport au groupe témoin. Il reste encore à accomplir une utilisation plus complète de ces résultats pour mieux comprendre les mécanismes qui sous-tendent les effets positifs du pétrole. Cela pourrait normalement ouvrir la voie à de futures recherches visant à explorer l'huile comme traitement viable contre l'alcoolisme

In silico evaluation of antiviral activity of flavone derivatives and commercial drugs against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (3CLpro).

In this paper the in silco evaluation of the antiviaral activity against the current spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome novel coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) of several anti-viral components such as Chloroquine, Simeprevir, Lopinavir and a series of five natural and synthesized flavone derivative was investigated.Results of the molecular docking revealed that among of the five flavones studied and Chloroquine, Simeprevir and Lopinavir, three compounds correlate with a high affinity for the same binding sites with the major protein 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) and a small negative binding energy compared with the control N3 molecule in protein 6LU7 and the control WK1 molecule in protein 2OP9. This may disrupt the 3CLpro main protease function and efficiency

Insights of Auric Ion Adsorption in the Presence of Ferric and Hexavalent Chromium Species on Mg/Al Layered Double Hydroxides

This study reports the synthesis of Mg/Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) by the co-precipitation technique. The produced LDH was then employed as an adsorbent for auric ion (AuCl4-) in the presence of ferric (Fe3+) and dichromate (Cr2O72-) species in an aqueous solution. An adsorption test examined the effects of single and ternary (Au/Fe/Cr) system solutions. The adsorbent underwent characterization by the utilization of FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), powder XRD (X-ray diffraction), and FE-SEM (Field emission scanning electron microscopy) techniques. The experimental results revealed that the adsorption of AuCl4- without any competing species reached its maximum efficiency at a solution acidity of pH 3. The results of the kinetic investigation indicate that the adsorbent exhibited behavior consistent with a pseudo-second-order reaction. The rate constant (k) values obtained were 2.88 x 10-3 and 3.51 x 10-3 g/(mg.min) for the single and ternary solutions. Based on the Langmuir isotherm model, the adsorption capacities for single and ternary solutions were determined to be 21.75 mg g-1 and 27.78 mg g-1, respectively. The adsorbent exhibited a layered structure characterized by hexagonal platelet-type images