Vol. 1 Ch. 7 The Collective Burial Locale Site A Critical Archaeological Feature in the Ohio Middle Woodland Period

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From Cahokia to Larson to Moundville: Death, World Renewal, and the Sacred in the Mississippian Social World of the Late Prehistoric Eastern Woodlands

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The Birch Creek Canids and Dogs as Transport Labor in the Intermountain West

Historically, domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) have been documented as central features of Intermountain West and Great Plains Native American camps. Some of these dogs were bred specifically for largeness and stamina to haul travois and to carry pannier-style packs. Ethnographic accounts frequently highlight the importance of dogs in moving through the Intermountain West and the plains, reporting loads as heavy as 45 kg (100 lbs). We calculated body mass from skeletal morphometric data and used these to estimate prehistoric and historic dog load capacities for travois and pannier-style packs in the Intermountain West, Great Plains, and Great Basin. Specimens of large dogs recovered from sites in the Birch Creek Valley in Idaho and on the Great Plains indicate the animals could carry weights comparable to ethnographically recorded loads. Further, direct dating of the Birch Creek dog specimens indicated that dogs of this size have been present in the Intermountain West for more than 3,000 years. These data have important implications for our understanding of prehistoric mobility in the Intermountain West and the plains and suggest that the use of dogs in transporting cargo may have begun as early as 5,000 years ago. El perro doméstico (Canis familiaris) fue una presencia fundamental en los campamentos del Oeste Intermontano y las Grandes Llanuras. Algunos perros fueron criados específicamente para tener gran tamaño y aguante y fueron utilizados para transportar travois (camillas) y cargar alforjas. Los informes etnográficos a menudo resaltan la importancia de los perros para la movilidad en el Oeste Intermontano y las Grandes Llanuras y reportan cargas de hasta 45 kg (100 lbs). En este artículo calculamos la masa corporal a partir de los datos morfométricos del esqueleto y la utilizamos para estimar la capacidad de carga con travois y alforjas de perros prehistóricos e históricos en el Oeste Intermontano, las Grandes Llanuras y la Gran Cuenca. Estos datos indican que los perros de gran tamaño recuperados en contextos arqueológicos del Valle de Birch Creek en Idaho y de sitios de las Grandes Llanuras fueron capaces de transportar cargas con rangos de peso comparables a los reportados etnográficamente. Además, la datación directa de los perros de Birch Creek indica que perros de este tamaño estuvieron presentes en el Oeste Intermontano por más de 3.000 años. Estos datos tienen implicaciones importantes para entender la movilidad prehistórica en el Oeste Intermontano y las Grandes Llanuras, y sugieren que el uso de perros para el transporte de carga podría haber comenzado hace tanto como 5.000 años

Effect of anisotropic impurity scattering on a density of states of a d-wave superconductor

We discuss the effect of an anisotropic impurity potential on the critical temperature, local density of states in the vicinity of a single impurity, and the quasiparticle density of states for a finite impurity concentration in a d-wave superconductor. Different scattering regimes are concerned.Comment: 3 pages, revtex4, 4 figure

Simple Cell Balance Circuit

A method has been developed for continuous cell voltage balancing for rechargeable batteries (e.g. lithium ion batteries). A resistor divider chain is provided that generates a set of voltages representing the ideal cell voltage (the voltage of each cell should be as if the cells were perfectly balanced). An operational amplifier circuit with an added current buffer stage generates the ideal voltage with a very high degree of accuracy, using the concept of negative feedback. The ideal voltages are each connected to the corresponding cell through a current- limiting resistance. Over time, having the cell connected to the ideal voltage provides a balancing current that moves the cell voltage very close to that ideal level. In effect, it adjusts the current of each cell during charging, discharging, and standby periods to force the cell voltages to be equal to the ideal voltages generated by the resistor divider. The device also includes solid-state switches that disconnect the circuit from the battery so that it will not discharge the battery during storage. This solution requires relatively few parts and is, therefore, of lower cost and of increased reliability due to the fewer failure modes. Additionally, this design uses very little power. A preliminary model predicts a power usage of 0.18 W for an 8-cell battery. This approach is applicable to a wide range of battery capacities and voltages

Impurity induced resonant state in a pseudogap state of a high temperature superconductor

We predict a resonance impurity state generated by the substitution of one Cu atom with a nonmagnetic atom, such as Zn, in the pseudogap state of a high-T_c superconductor. The precise microscopic origin of the pseudogap is not important for this state to be formed, in particular this resonance will be present even in the absence of superconducting fluctuations in the normal state. In the presence of superconducting fluctuations, we predict the existence of a counterpart impurity peak on a symmetric bias. The nature of impurity resonance is similar to the previously studied resonance in the d-wave superconducting state.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Power spectrum of many impurities in a d-wave superconductor

Recently the structure of the measured local density of states power spectrum of a small area of the \BSCCO (BSCCO) surface has been interpreted in terms of peaks at an "octet" of scattering wave vectors determined assuming weak, noninterfering scattering centers. Using analytical arguments and numerical solutions of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations, we discuss how the interference between many impurities in a d-wave superconductor alters this scenario. We propose that the peaks observed in the power spectrum are not the features identified in the simpler analyses, but rather "background" structures which disperse along with the octet vectors. We further consider how our results constrain the form of the actual disorder potential found in this material.Comment: 5 pages.2 figure

Feasibility of peach bloom thinning with hand-held mechanical devices

[EN] The use of hand-held mechanical devices to thin blooms of peach trees trained into the " free Italian vase" form was studied. Three devices were tested, and no differences were found among them in terms of thinning time and number of fruits per cm 2 of trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) at harvesting. Thinning, by hand or mechanically, reduced the yield per tree by 26-33% with respect to not thinning; however, thinning increased the fruit size. In both years, the yields of fruit >67mm in the thinned trees ranged from 40.4 to 53.4kgtree -1, respectively, whereas in the un-thinned trees, it was 25.1 and 18.2kgtree -1 in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Hand thinning took 385hha -1, and mechanical thinning reduced this time by 89%. The cost of hand thinning was 4.8z€tree -1, whereas the cost of mechanical thinning ranged from 0.4 to 1.1z€tree -1. The economic study showed that the total yield value was similar with hand and mechanical thinning, but the cost of mechanical thinning was only 10-18% that of hand thinning. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.This research was funded by the Consejeria de Agricultura de la Region de Murcia, Spain. The authors thank Eng. Regino Aragon (IMIDA) and Marin Gimenez Hermanos S.A. (Caravaca, Spain) for their support.Martín Gorriz, B.; Torregrosa, A.; García Brunton, J. (2011). Feasibility of peach bloom thinning with hand-held mechanical devices. Scientia Horticulturae. 129(1):91-97. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2011.03.012S9197129

Sand in the wheels, or oiling the wheels, of international finance? : New Labour's appeal to a 'new Bretton Woods'

Tony Blair’s political instinct typically is to associate himself only with the future. As such, his explicit appeal to ‘the past’ in his references to New Labour’s desire to establish a “new Bretton Woods” is sufficient in itself to arouse some degree of analytical curiosity (see Blair 1998a). The fact that this appeal was made specifically in relation to Bretton Woods is even more interesting. The resonant image of the international economic context established by the original Bretton Woods agreements invokes a style and content of policy-making which Tony Blair typically dismisses as neither economically nor politically consistent with his preferred vision of the future (see Blair 2000c, 2001b)

Spacings of Quarkonium Levels with the Same Principal Quantum Number

The spacings between bound-state levels of the Schr\"odinger equation with the same principal quantum number $N$ but orbital angular momenta $\ell$ differing by unity are found to be nearly equal for a wide range of power potentials $V = \lambda r^\nu$, with $E_{N \ell} \approx F(\nu, N) - G(\nu,N) \ell$. Semiclassical approximations are in accord with this behavior. The result is applied to estimates of masses for quarkonium levels which have not yet been observed, including the 2P $c \bar c$ states and the 1D $b \bar b$ states.Comment: 20 pages, latex, 3 uuencoded figures submitted separately (process using psfig.sty