ATP-dependent chromatosome remodeling

Chromatin serves to package, protect and organize the complex eukaryotic genomes to assure their stable inheritance over many cell generations. At the same time, chromatin must be dynamic to allow continued use of DNA during a cell's lifetime. One important principle that endows chromatin with flexibility involves ATP-dependent `remodeling' factors, which alter DNA-histone interactions to form, disrupt or move nucleosomes. Remodeling is well documented at the nucleosomal level, but little is known about the action of remodeling factors in a more physiological chromatin environment. Recent findings suggest that some remodeling machines can reorganize even folded chromatin fibers containing the linker histone H1, extending the potential scope of remodeling reactions to the bulk of euchromatin

Dental Treatment under General Anesthesia in Healthy and Medically Compromised/Developmentally Disabled Children: A Comparative Study

Aim: To compare the type, number of procedures and working time of dental treatment provided under dental general anesthesia (DGA) in healthy and medically compromised/developmentally disabled children (MCDD children). Design: This cross-sectional prospective study involved 80 children divided into two groups of 40 children each. Group 1 consisted of healthy and Group 2 consisted of MCDD children. Results: Healthy children needed more working time than MCDD children, the means being 161±7.9 and 84±5.7 minutes, respectively (P= 0.0001). Operative dentistry and endodontic treatments showed a significant statistical difference (P= 0.0001). The means of procedures were 17±5.0 for healthy children and 11±4.8 for MCDD children (P= 0.0001). Conclusions: Healthy children needed more extensive dental treatment than MCDD children under DGA. The information from this sample of Mexican children could be used as reference for determining trends both within a facility as well as in comparing facilities in cross-population studies

The enzymes LSD1 and Set1A cooperate with the viral protein HBx to establish an active hepatitis B viral chromatin state

Indexación: Web of ScienceWith about 350 million people chronically infected around the world hepatitis B is a major health problem. Template for progeny HBV synthesis is the viral genome, organized as a minichromosome (cccDNA) inside the hepatocyte nucleus. How viral cccDNA gene expression is regulated by its chromatin structure; more importantly, how the modulation of this structure impacts on viral gene expression remains elusive. Here, we found that the enzyme SetDB1 contributes to setting up a repressed cccDNA chromatin state. This repressive state is activated by the histone lysine demethylase-1 (LSD1). Consistently, inhibiting or reducing LSD1 levels led to repression of viral gene expression. This correlates with the transcriptionally repressive mark H3K9 methylation and reduction on the activating marks H3 acetylation and H3K4 methylation on viral promoters. Investigating the importance of viral proteins we found that LSD1 recruitment to viral promoters was dependent on the viral transactivator protein HBx. Moreover, the histone methyltransferase Set1A and HBx are simultaneously bound to the core promoter, and Set1A expression correlates with cccDNA H3K4 methylation. Our results shed light on the mechanisms of HBV regulation mediated by the cccDNA chromatin structure, offering new therapeutic targets to develop drugs for the treatment of chronically infected HBV patients.http://www.nature.com/articles/srep2590

Global priorities for conservation across multiple dimensions of mammalian diversity

Conservation priorities that are based on species distribution, endemism, and vulnerability may underrepresent biologically unique species as well as their functional roles and evolutionary histories. To ensure that priorities are biologically comprehensive, multiple dimensions of diversity must be considered. Further, understanding how the different dimensions relate to one another spatially is important for conservation prioritization, but the relationship remains poorly understood. Here, we use spatial conservation planning to (i) identify and compare priority regions for global mammal conservation across three key dimensions of biodiversity-taxonomic, phylogenetic, and traits-and (ii) determine the overlap of these regions with the locations of threatened species and existing protected areas. We show that priority areas for mammal conservation exhibit low overlap across the three dimensions, highlighting the need for an integrative approach for biodiversity conservation. Additionally, currently protected areas poorly represent the three dimensions of mammalian biodiversity. We identify areas of high conservation priority among and across the dimensions that should receive special attention for expanding the global protected area network. These high-priority areas, combined with areas of high priority for other taxonomic groups and with social, economic, and political considerations, provide a biological foundation for future conservation planning efforts

Round trunk squash : two new varieties

El objetivo de este trabajo fue mejorar la calidad de fruto maduro en el zapallito redondo del tronco [Cucurbita máxima Duch., variedad zapallito (Carriére) Millán], para aprovecharlo con doble propósito y no solamente como hortaliza para relleno. Para ello debían eliminarse caracteres indeseables : falta de uniformidad; escasa proporción de pulpa; pérdida de sabor y aspecto; aparición de rugosidades , verrugas, turbantes pronunciados y, especialmente, cáscara blanda a la madurez, que lo hace susceptible a enfer-medades. El material fitogenético fue elegido de una colección con más de quinientas líneas homocigotas, arbustoides y plagiótropas, formada por las progenies de cruzamientos entre el Zapallito (Carriére) Millán por la variedad Typica y por la variedad Zipinka. Se obtuvieron así dos nuevos cultivares de crecimiento arbustoide, buena cobertura; frutos de cáscara verde, dura, lisa y limpia; mejor proporción y calidad de pul-pa (textura, color y tenor azucarino), denominadas YANQUE FCA y YANTA FCA.The main objective of this study was to improve the quality of the mature fruit of the round trunk squash [Cucurbita máxima Duch., vr zapallito (Carriére) Millán], so that it could be used as a double purpose squash and not only for stuffing when green. Whit that aim in view, it was necessary to eliminate undesirable characteristics such as : lack of uniformity, low proportion of pulp, loss of flavor an do good aspect, presen ce of roughnesses, warts, marked “turbans"and, especially, soft skin at maturity, which made it very susceptible to disease. The phytogenetic material used to begin this development was obteined from a collection of over 500 homozygous, shruby, and plagiotropous lines, made up by the progenies of the crossing between Zapallito (Carriére)Millán with Var. Typica and Var. Zipinka. As a result, we have developed two new lines of squash of shruby growth, good cover, skin that is green, hard, smooth and clean, and better proportion and quality of pulp (in texture, color, and sugar content), named YANQUE FCA and YANTA FCAFil: Bartucciotto, C. V.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción AgropecuariaFil: Ormeño, A. . Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción AgropecuariaFil: Marianetti, A.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción AgropecuariaFil: Niveyro, L. . Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción AgropecuariaFil: Loyola, A. P. . Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción AgropecuariaFil: Arenas, A. . Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Agropecuari

Medidas morfométricas da carcaça de cordeiros de diferentes genótipos submetidos a dois sistemas de produção.

Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar a influência do sistema de produção, bem como de diferentes grupos genéticos sobre as características morfométricas da carcaça de cordeiros. Foram observados 24 animais, machos não castrados, das raças ½Dorper x ½SPRD, ½Santa Inês x ½SPRD e ½Somalis x ½SPRD, submetidos à terminação a pasto e em confinamento. Os animais foram abatidos com peso vivo médio de 30 kg. As carcaças foram pesadas e refrigeradas a 4ºC por 24h, quando então foram mensuradas as seguintes medidas morfométricas: comprimento corporal, perímetro torácico, perímetro da perna, comprimento da perna e comprimento interno. O sistema de produção interferiu nas medidas de perímetro da perna e comprimento interno, não havendo diferença significativa (P>0,05) para as demais medidas. Os genótipos estudados não influenciaram na medida de perímetro. As medidas de comprimento da carcaça, perímetro da perna e comprimento interno não diferiram estatisticamente para os mestiços ½Dorper x ½SPRD e ½Santa Inês x ½SPRD, no entanto esses genótipos apresentaram diferença significativa para a raça ½Somalis x ½SPRD nesses parâmetros. O sistema de produção não acarretou mudanças importantes para as medidas morfométricas de comprimento de carcaça, perímetro torácico e comprimento da perna. O mestiço ½Dorper x ½SPRD apresentou as melhores médias para as medidas estudadas. [Morphometric carcass characteristics of lambs of different genotypes under two production systems]. Abstract: Objectified to evaluate the influence of production system, well as of different genetic groups on the morphometric characteristics of the carcass of lambs. 24 animals had been observed, males not castrated, of breeds ½ Dorper x ½ SPRD, ½ Santa Inês x ½ SPRD and ½ Somalis x ½ SPRD, submitted to termination grass and confinement. The animals had been abated with average alive weight 30 kg. The carcasses had been weighed and cooled 4ºC for 24h, when then following morphometric measures had been measured: corporal length, thoracic perimeter, perimeter of leg, length of leg and internal length. The production system intervened with the measures of perimeter of leg and internal length, not having significant difference (P>0.05) for excessively measures. Studied genotypes had not influenced in measure of perimeter. Measures of length of carcass, perimeter of leg and internal length hanot statistical differed for the mestizos ½ Dorper x ½ SPRD and ½ Santa Inês x ½ SPRD, however these genotypes had presented significant difference for the breed ½ Somalis x ½ SPRD in these parameters. The production system does not cause important changes for morphometric measures of carcass length, thoracic perimeter and length of the leg. The mestizo ½ Dorper x ½ SPRD presented best averages for studied measures

Consenso sobre la detección y el manejo de la prediabetes. Grupo de trabajo de consensos y guías clínicas de la Sociedad Española de Diabetes

En España, según datos del estudio [email protected], un 13,8% de la población adulta padece diabetes y un 14,8% algún tipo de prediabetes (intolerancia a la glucosa, glucemia basal alterada o ambas). Puesto que la detección precoz de la prediabetes puede facilitar la puesta en marcha de medidas terapéuticas que eviten su progresión a diabetes, consideramos que las estrategias de prevención en las consultas de atención primaria y especializada deberían consensuarse. La detección de diabetes y prediabetes mediante un cuestionario específico (test de FINDRISC) y/o la determinación de la glucemia basal en pacientes de riesgo permiten detectar los pacientes con riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad y es necesario considerar cómo debe ser su manejo clínico. La intervención sobre los estilos de vida puede reducir la progresión a diabetes o hacer retroceder un estado prediabético a la normalidad y es una intervención coste-efectiva. Algunos fármacos, como la metformina, también se han mostrado eficaces en reducir la progresión a diabetes aunque no son superiores a las in tervenciones no farmacológicas. Finalmente, aunque no hay pruebas sólidas que apoyen la eficacia del cribado en términos de morbimortalidad, sí que ha observado una mejora de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular.El Grupo de Trabajo de Consensos y Guías Clínicas de la Sociedad Española de Diabetes (SED) ha elaborado unas recomendaciones que han sido consensuadas con la Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (SEEN), la Sociedad Española de Endocrinología Pediátrica (SEEP), la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Familiar y Comunitaria (SEFAC), la Sociedad Española de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria (SEMFYC), la Sociedad Española de Médicos Generales (SEMG), la Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN), la Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI), la Asociación de Enfermería Comunitaria (AEC) y la Red de Grupos de Estudio de la Diabetes en Atención Primaria (RedGDPS)

The 1997 El Niño impact on clouds, water vapour, aerosols and reactive trace gases in the troposphere, as measured by the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment

The El Niño event of 1997/1998 caused dry conditions over the Indonesian area that were followed by large scale forest and savannah fires over Kalimantan, Sumatra, Java, and parts of Irian Jaya. Biomass burning was most intense between August and October 1997, and large amounts of ozone precursors, such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons were emitted into the atmosphere. In this work, we use satellite measurements from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) sensor to study the teleconnections between the El Niño event of 1997 and the Indonesian fires, clouds, water vapour, aerosols and reactive trace gases (nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde and ozone) in the troposphere