Energy Integration of High and Low Temperature Solid Sorbents for CO2 Capture

It is crucial to reduce the energy penalties related to CO2 capture processes if CCS is to be implemented at industrial scale. In this context, gas-solid sorption has become a relevant technology. The absence of large amounts of water when using dry solid sorbents and their high heat capacity reduce the energy requirements in the gas-solid sorption CO2 capture process. Depending on the sorbent composition, the gas-solid sorption process carries out at high or low temperatures. High temperature sorbents allow the utilization of waste energy while energy requirements in low temperature processes will be less demanding. This study is focused on the assessment and comparison of the final energy penalty of low-temperature (amine impregnated alumina-based solid particles) and high-temperature solid sorbents capture process (calcium oxide)

Heat integration of alternative Ca-looping configurations for CO2 capture

The best option to overcome the energy penalty in Ca-looping is to take advantage of the surplus heat by external integration to produce additional power and increase net efficiency. As calciner represents the main energy consumption, another possibility is to internally use the surplus heat to preheat the solids entering this reactor. The objective of internal integration is to reduce the energy demand per captured tonne of CO2. It represents a reduction of the coal and oxygen needs and also a total decrease in the CO2 generation regarding the ordinary configuration. However, the amount of available heat for extra power generation by external integration, essential for the viability of this technology, is also reduced. This is the case of the configurations including a cyclonic preheater or a mixing seal valve. This study assess the energy penalty minimization that may be reached by external integration of these internal energy integration configurations. A methodological process has been applied to obtain a reduction of the energy penalty with respect to the ordinary configuration. This energy saving combined with the lower size of equipment and reduced capital cost would make the cyclonic preheater the most suitable configuration to improve the viability of this technology

The Calcium-Looping technology for CO2 capture: On the important roles of energy integration and sorbent behavior

The Calcium Looping (CaL) technology, based on the multicyclic carbonation/calcination of CaO in gas-solid fluidized bed reactors at high temperature, has emerged in the last years as a potentially low cost technology for CO2 capture. In this manuscript a critical review is made on the important roles of energy integration and sorbent behavior in the process efficiency. Firstly, the strategies proposed to reduce the energy demand by internal integration are discussed as well as process modifications aimed at optimizing the overall efficiency by means of external integration. The most important benefit of the high temperature CaL cycles is the possibility of using high temperature streams that could reduce significantly the energy penalty associated to CO2 capture. The application of the CaL technology in precombustion capture systems and energy integration, and the coupling of the CaL technology with other industrial processes are also described. In particular, the CaL technology has a significant potential to be a feasible CO2 capture system for cement plants. A precise knowledge of the multicyclic CO2 capture behavior of the sorbent at the CaL conditions to be expected in practice is of great relevance in order to predict a realistic capture efficiency and energy penalty from process simulations. The second part of this manuscript will be devoted to this issue. Particular emphasis is put on the behavior of natural limestone and dolomite, which would be the only practical choices for the technology to meet its main goal of reducing CO2 capture costs. Under CaL calcination conditions for CO2 capture (necessarily implying high CO2 concentration in the calciner), dolomite seems to be a better alternative to limestone as CaO precursor. The proposed techniques of recarbonation and thermal/mechanical pretreatments to reactivate the sorbent and accelerate calcination will be the final subjects of this review

Compression of the Left Innominated Vein between the Brachiocephalic Trunk and Left Carotid Artery

AbstractWe present a case of a 25-year-old male who looked for medical attention for symptoms like dysesthesias in his left arm. Physical examination revealed severe dilations of the superficial veins in his left forearm and arm.An ultrasound showed no signs of thrombosis. Dynamic phlebography ruled out the presence of extrinsic compression of the left innominated vein. The angioMRI confirmed that the innominated vein was compressed between the braquiocephalic trunk and left carotid.Therefore, we describe a previously unreported congenital anomaly of the left brachiocephalic vein where the fundamental symptom is the compression of the left innominated trunk

El Niño Dios va al fútbol: vestir una imagen religiosa al servicio de la nación mexicana

El Niño de Atocha (or Holy Infant of Atocha) is a statue in a church in Mexico City that is dressed up and turned into the Mexican national football team’s twelfth player for certain matches. This practice, which diverges from the desired representation advocated by the Catholic Church, makes the figure a metonymic incarnation for unconditional fans, using religious imagery to temporarily encapsulate national sentiment.El Niño de Atocha, imagen ubicada en una iglesia de la Ciudad de México, es transformado durante ciertos partidos de la selección mexicana de fútbol en el seguidor número 12 al ser vestido como jugador. Así resulta concebido, por los creyentes que participan de su transformación, de manera divergente a la deseada representación pregonada por la Iglesia católica para las imágenes religiosas, más bien se convierte en una real encarnación metonímica de los incondicionales del seleccionado; condensación temporal de la nación vívida mediante el uso de la imaginería religiosa

Combined Treatment with Open and Endovascular Surgery of a Mycotic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

AbstractWe report the treatment of a 67-year-old male patient with a suprarenal mycotic aortic aneurysm. A 67-year-old male developed renal failure during the treatment of a urine infection and a paracervical abscess. Further investigations revealed a 5.6cm saccular suprarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. A successful combined treatment was carried out with endovascular techniques and open surgery, realizing a retrograde aorto-superior mesenteric bypass. Postoperative follow up scans showed exclusion and thrombosis of the aneurysm. Treatment of mycotic aneurysms is mainly surgical, but endovascular therapy helps to avoid highly complicated surgery and reduces mortality

Algunos aspectos del control nervioso sobre la secreción biliar en pollos anestesiados

No existe influencia tónica de la inervación vagal, al menos extrinseca, sobre la secreción de bilis en el pollo: en lo que esta especie se asemeja al conejo y la rata y se diferencia de 103 monos y el perro. La estimulación vagal tiene en el pollo una clara acción colecistocinética, al igual que en mamíferos, que es especialmente patente por las peculiaridades del árbol biliar en esta especie. El efecto global sobre el flujo de bilis queda enmascarado en parte por los elevados valores basales del mismo, pero las consecuencias de la colecistocinesis se reflejan en los cambios de composición. Ninguna de las influencias vagales sobre la secreción biliar es resistente a la atropina.As in rabbit and rat but in contrast to monkey and dog, the biliary secretion of chicken is not under a tonic vagal control. As in mammals, vagal stimulathm has a clear cholecistokinetic effect in chi,cken. This effect 18 specially powerful in this species due to the paculiarities of lts biliary free. The global effect of vagal stimulation on bile flow is partially masked by the high rates of basal flow, hGwever cholecistokinesis is clearly appreciate in the composition changes. Al the vagal influences on biliary secretion are blocked by atropine

Synthetic natural gas production in a 1 kW reactor using Ni–Ce/Al2O3 and Ru–Ce/Al2O3: Kinetics, catalyst degradation and process design

Nickel and ruthenium promoted by ceria were compared as catalyst active phase for the production of synthetic natural gas in a 1 kW fixed-bed reactor (49 cm in length and 3 cm in diameter). Both catalysts were tested in a broad range of conditions: 250–450 °C, 8000–16000 h−1 GHSV, 3.5–5.5H2/CO2 ratio, and atmospheric pressure. The Ni-based catalyst presented higher CO2 conversion and lower reduction of BET area and metal dispersion after utilization. Two kinetic models were elaborated according to the performance of the catalysts in this reactor. The minimum mean squared error between the kinetic model and experiments was 3.0% for the Ru-based catalyst and 1.4% for the Ni-based catalyst. The kinetic model of the Ni-based catalyst was implemented in Aspen Plus to evaluate potential methanation plant designs. The simulation minimized the amount of catalyst required to reach 95 vol% of CH4, within proper technical limits (GHSV 5000 h−1 and temperature 300 °C). The 3-reactor plant was the most adequate configuration. The total catalyst mass was 3.26 kg per kg/h of SNG, the heat removed from the reactors was 10.8 MJ/kgSNG, and the preheating necessity was 4.90 MJ/kgSNG. The electrolysis energy consumption was 86.4 MJ/kgSNG

Algunos aspectos del control nervioso sobre la secreción biliar en pollos anestesiados

As in rabbit and rat but in contrast to monkey and dog, the biliary secretion of chicken is not under a tonic vagal control. As in mammals, vagal stimulathm has a clear cholecistokinetic effect in chicken. This effect 18 specially powerful in this species due to the paculiarities of lts biliary free. The global effect of vagal stimulation on bile flow is partially masked by the high rates of basal flow, hGwever cholecistokinesis is clearly appreciate in the composition changes. Al the vagal influences on biliary secretion are blocked by atropine.No existe influencia tónica de la inervación vagal, al menos extrinseca, sobre la secreción de bilis en el pollo: en lo que esta especie se asemeja al conejo y la rata y se diferencia de 103 monos y el perro. La estimulación vagal tiene en el pollo una clara acción colecistocinética, al igual que en mamíferos, que es especialmente patente por las peculiaridades del árbol biliar en esta especie. El efecto global sobre el flujo de bilis queda enmascarado en parte por los elevados valores basales del mismo, pero las consecuencias de la colecistocinesis se reflejan en los cambios de composición. Ninguna de las influencias vagales sobre la secreción biliar es resistente a la atropina

Secreción biliar en el pollo anestesiado y no anestesiado: Nueva técnica experimental

Se describe una nueva técnica para el estudio de la secreción biliar en pollos anestesiados y no anestesiados que permite la recogida simultánea de la bilis segregada por los dos conductos biliares de esta especie, junto con el mantenimiento de la circulación enterohepática de sales biliares. Se discuten por primera vez, de forma conjunta, los resultados de la secreción de bilis en condiciones basales por el conducto hepático y vesicular. Igualmente se discuten las diferencias en la secreción biliar entre animales anestesiados y no anestesiados.A new experimental technique to study the biliary secretion in anaesthetized and unanaesthetized chicken that allows the simultaneous collection of the bile secreted through the two bile ducts of this species, tog,ether wtth the maintenance of the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts is described. The results of biliary secretion in basals conditions through the hepatic and vesicular ducts are discussed in conjunction for the first time. Equally differences in biliary secretion between anaesthetized and unanaesthetized animals are discussed