Modeling rhythmic patterns in the hippocampus

We investigate different dynamical regimes of neuronal network in the CA3 area of the hippocampus. The proposed neuronal circuit includes two fast- and two slowly-spiking cells which are interconnected by means of dynamical synapses. On the individual level, each neuron is modeled by FitzHugh-Nagumo equations. Three basic rhythmic patterns are observed: gamma-rhythm in which the fast neurons are uniformly spiking, theta-rhythm in which the individual spikes are separated by quiet epochs, and theta/gamma rhythm with repeated patches of spikes. We analyze the influence of asymmetry of synaptic strengths on the synchronization in the network and demonstrate that strong asymmetry reduces the variety of available dynamical states. The model network exhibits multistability; this results in occurrence of hysteresis in dependence on the conductances of individual connections. We show that switching between different rhythmic patterns in the network depends on the degree of synchronization between the slow cells.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure

Fermi-liquid and Fermi surface geometry effects in propagation of low frequency electromagnetic waves through thin metal films

In the present work we theoretically analyze the contribution from a transverse Fermi-liquid collective mode to the transmission of electromagnetic waves through a thin film of a clean metal in the presence of a strong external magnetic field. We show that at the appropriate Fermi surface geometry the transverse Fermi-liquid wave may appear in conduction electrons liquid at frequencies $\omega$ significantly smaller than the cyclotron frequency of charge carriers $\Omega$ provided that the mean collision frequency $\tau^{-1}$ is smaller than $\omega.$ Also, we show that in realistic metals size oscillations in the transmission coefficient associated with the Firmi-liquid mode may be observable in experiments. Under certain conditions these oscillations may predominate over the remaining size effects in the transmission coefficient.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, text adde

Behavioural Characteristics of Children with Developmental Disorder Risks

The article is devoted to the study of the temperament and behaviour of children with developmental disorder risks. Early age is most significant in terms of early identifying deviant development markers for implementing effective programmes for early intervention. The article deals with the peculiarities of using the Infant Behaviour Questionnaire - Revised (IBQ-R) and its application in scientific research; the results of domestic and foreign research into temperament as a marker/predictor of deviant behaviour are presented. The paper describes the results of a pilot study of differences in behaviour in a sample of 49 children aged 5.6 months. The research involved two groups of test children, a reference group (typically developing children) and the children of developmental risk groups (which included prematurity, family risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD)/attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), paediatric arterial ischemic stroke). The significant impact of developmental disorder risks on the Perceptual Sensitivity Scale (IBQ-R) as well as the effect of sexand risks on the Approach, Vocal Reactivity (IBQ-R) scale were discovered. There are suggestions that prematurity may have a negative impact on the development of temperament in children aged 6 months. However, in comparison with such factors as the genetic predisposition to atypical development or local brain damage due to paediatric arterial ischemic stroke, prematurity (excluding extremely premature) probably has less influence on the development of temperament and behavioural characteristics. There is a significant heterotypic continuity of individual differences in temperament indicators at an early age, which highlights the need for further research into the issue and the formation of large cohorts of children. Keywords: deviant development markers, behaviour, IBQ-R questionnaire

Developmental psychology: Parent responsiveness and its role in neurocognitive and socioemotional development of one-year-old preterm infants

Background. It has been demonstrated that preterm birth negatively affects the neurocognitive and socioemotional development of a child. It is therefore important to identify the factors that can decrease potential risks for atypical development in preterm infants. The social environment which surrounds a child is considered to be one such factor. We hypothesize that parent responsiveness positively influences the development of a preterm child. Objective. The purpose of this research is to reveal differences in the development of two one-year-old preterm children whose parents have exhibited opposite types of parent responsiveness. Design. Based on the analysis of video recordings of child-parent interactions, we identified two children whose parents registered opposite patterns of responsiveness. Parent responsiveness was measured based on Parent Responsiveness Markers Protocol methodology. The Bayley-III was used to assess the children's cognitive and socioemotional development. Results. We identified that the preterm child whose parent showed a high level of parental responsiveness had normative levels of neurocognitive development, socioemotional skills and adaptive behavior. The preterm child, whose parent showed a low level of parental responsiveness, scored lower on the Bayley-III. Conclusion. Preterm birth not only affects infant development, but also has a psychological impact on parents, evoking fear and anxiety for their child. This affects parental behavior and their responsiveness towards their child. This study showed that parent responsiveness has a positive effect on the neurocognitive and socioemotional development of a preterm child. Further research should focus on assessing the role of parent responsiveness in child development using a larger sample. © Lomonosov Moscow State University, 2019. Russian Psychological Society, 2019.19-513-92001\19The research was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation RFBR № 19-513-92001\19

Character’s Inner Speech as Effective Way of Literary Discourse Organization (Novel “The Remains of the Day” by Kazuo Ishiguro)

The article examines the protagonist’s verbalized  inner  speech  in  the   literary   text of the novel “The Remains of the Day” as a way of literary discourse organization by English novelist Kazuo Ishiguro. The  relevance of the study is explained by the interest in   the analysis of the inner speech of characters in a literary text, which differs from the natural inner speech of an individual in the ways of  linguistic  expression,  the  specifics   in the structure of the narrative. It is shown that the study of the inner speech of a character   of literary discourse using such parameters of its measurement as structural-compositional, semantic-conceptual, communicative, allows us to identify the features of the functional role of this type of speech. The novelty of the research lies in the substantiation of how the character's inner speech (introspection), being a significant unit of composition, correlates with prospection and retrospection of the text, acting as the main form of narration. The article elicits four basic concepts that organize the content of the character's inner speech. The authors of the article offer a close analysis of the rheme-theme correlation of the title of the novel and the main text as the basis of the author’s literary discourse. Particular attention is paid to the modality of the character's inner speech from the point of view of the pragmatic orientation of this type of speech towards the addressee-reader and discourse markers that influence the process of discourse interpretation

The difficalties of Intraoperative neuromonitoring in Neurooncology

Analyzed the data of intraoperative neuromonitoring in 141 patients with removal of tumors of the brain and spinal cord using stem acoustic evoked potentials, ECG, monitoring induced motor responses (89 patients with tumors of the cerebellopontine angle, 13 patients with extra-and intramedullary spinal tumors, 16 patients with tumors larger hemispheres of different localization, 10 patients with tumors of the sensorimotor area, 13 patients with pituitary adenomas). The review of the problems faced by a neurophysiologist at electrophysiological ensuring neurooncologic operations, shows the possible ways to solve these problems for specific types of monitoring.Проанализированы данные интраоперационного нейромониторинга у 141 пациента при удалении опухолей головного и спинного мозга с использованием акустических стволовых вызванных потенциалов, злектрокортикографии, мониторинга вызванных моторных ответов (89 пациентов с опухолями мостомозжечкового угла, 13 пациентов с зкстра- и интрамедуллярными спинальными опухолями, 16 пациентов с опухолями больших полушарий различной локализации, 10 пациентов с опухолями сенсомоторной зоны, 13 пациентов с аденомами гипофиза). Сделан обзор проблем, возникающих перед нейрофизиологом при злектрофизиологическом обеспечении нейроонкологических операций, показаны возможные пути решения этих проблем при конкретных видах мониторинга