Pitfalls and Possibilities of Using Technology in Mediating Cross-Border Child Custody Cases, The

This paper will explore current efforts to ensure parents have the opportunity to elect voluntary mediation with a skilled international family mediator to resolve issues stemming from one parent traveling to another country with the parties\u27 child, against the wishes of the co-parent. Additionally, this paper will explore, in general, the practical and substantive considerations in mediating a cross-border child custody case, with a focus on one issue of primary concern-the use of technology in these mediations. The paper will additionally include a discussion on whether technology will hinder or help resolution when considering cultural differences. Many mediators prefer to mediate a dispute face-to-face, however, that is often times impossible. One parent may be unable to travel for practical (i.e. the cost) or logistical (i.e. unable to obtain a visa) reasons. Therefore, some mediators may have no choice but to use technology to facilitate mediation between parents. By understanding the international scope of mediation and how technology is being utilized, and more importantly, can be utilized, mediators may be able to expand the number of parents able to be helped with cross-border child custody disputes

Culture in International Parental Kidnapping Mediations

Mediating an international parental kidnapping case involves much more than knowing some family law-it involves complex emotions, strict time constraints, multiple nations\u27 laws and policies, intricate international treaties, juggling interpreters, attorneys, government officials, judges, and parents who may be physically located thousands of miles apart, and the blunt reality that you may have no understanding of either parent\u27s cultural customs or the way each will communicate with the other parent or with you. While the culture part of the mediation may appear to be the least significant element, it could be key to the success of the mediation. Nonetheless, culture has only recently begun to be incorporated into mediator trainings, and is very much a mere afterthought in the process. This paper will discuss culture by examining basic elements of communication, views of families and children, its effects on the mediation itself, and what should be incorporated into a training program for mediators

Stroke penumbra defined by an MRI-based oxygen challenge technique: 2. Validation based on the consequences of reperfusion

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with oxygen challenge (T2* OC) uses oxygen as a metabolic biotracer to define penumbral tissue based on CMRO2 and oxygen extraction fraction. Penumbra displays a greater T2* signal change during OC than surrounding tissue. Since timely restoration of cerebral blood flow (CBF) should salvage penumbra, T2* OC was tested by examining the consequences of reperfusion on T2* OC-defined penumbra. Transient ischemia (109±20 minutes) was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=8). Penumbra was identified on T2*-weighted MRI during OC. Ischemia and ischemic injury were identified on CBF and apparent diffusion coefficient maps, respectively. Reperfusion was induced and scans repeated. T2 for final infarct and T2* OC were run on day 7. T2* signal increase to OC was 3.4% in contralateral cortex and caudate nucleus and was unaffected by reperfusion. In OC-defined penumbra, T2* signal increased by 8.4%±4.1% during ischemia and returned to 3.25%±0.8% following reperfusion. Ischemic core T2* signal increase was 0.39%±0.47% during ischemia and 0.84%±1.8% on reperfusion. Penumbral CBF increased from 41.94±13 to 116.5±25 mL per 100 g per minute on reperfusion. On day 7, OC-defined penumbra gave a normal OC response and was located outside the infarct. T2* OC-defined penumbra recovered when CBF was restored, providing further validation of the utility of T2* OC for acute stroke management

Stroke penumbra defined by an MRI-based oxygen challenge technique: 1. validation using [14C]2-deoxyglucose autoradiography

Accurate identification of ischemic penumbra will improve stroke patient selection for reperfusion therapies and clinical trials. Current magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have limitations and lack validation. Oxygen challenge T2* MRI (T2* OC) uses oxygen as a biotracer to detect tissue metabolism, with penumbra displaying the greatest T2* signal change during OC. [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiography was combined with T2* OC to determine metabolic status of T2*-defined penumbra. Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=6). Ischemic injury and perfusion deficit were determined by diffusion- and perfusion-weighted imaging, respectively. At 147±32 minutes after stroke, T2* signal change was measured during a 5-minute 100% OC, immediately followed by 125 μCi/kg 2-DG, intravenously. Magnetic resonance images were coregistered with the corresponding autoradiograms. Regions of interest were located within ischemic core, T2*-defined penumbra, equivalent contralateral structures, and a region of hyperglycolysis. A T2* signal increase of 9.22%±3.9% (mean±s.d.) was recorded in presumed penumbra, which displayed local cerebral glucose utilization values equivalent to contralateral cortex. T2* signal change was negligible in ischemic core, 3.2%±0.78% in contralateral regions, and 1.41%±0.62% in hyperglycolytic tissue, located outside OC-defined penumbra and within the diffusion abnormality. The results support the utility of OC-MRI to detect viable penumbral tissue follow

VGLL2-NCOA2 leverages developmental programs for pediatric sarcomagenesis

Clinical sequencing efforts are rapidly identifying sarcoma gene fusions that lack functional validation. An example is the fusion of transcriptional coactivators, VGLL2-NCOA2, found in infantile rhabdomyosarcoma. To delineate VGLL2-NCOA2 tumorigenic mechanisms and identify therapeutic vulnerabilities, we implement a cross-species comparative oncology approach with zebrafish, mouse allograft, and patient samples. We find that VGLL2-NCOA2 is sufficient to generate mesenchymal tumors that display features of immature skeletal muscle and recapitulate the human disease. A subset of VGLL2-NCOA2 zebrafish tumors transcriptionally cluster with embryonic somitogenesis and identify VGLL2-NCOA2 developmental programs, including a RAS family GTPase, ARF6. In VGLL2-NCOA2 zebrafish, mouse, and patient tumors, ARF6 is highly expressed. ARF6 knockout suppresses VGLL2-NCOA2 oncogenic activity in cell culture, and, more broadly, ARF6 is overexpressed in adult and pediatric sarcomas. Our data indicate that VGLL2-NCOA2 is an oncogene that leverages developmental programs for tumorigenesis and that reactivation or persistence of ARF6 could represent a therapeutic opportunity

Pericentromeric location of the telomeric DNA sequences on the European grayling chromosomes

The chromosomal characteristics, locations and variations of the C-band positive heterochromatin and telomeric DNA sequences were studied in the European grayling karyotype (Thymallus thymallus, Salmonidae) using conventional C-banding, endonucleases digestion banding, silver nitrate (AgNO3), chromomycin A(3) and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining techniques as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and primed in situ labelling. Original data on the chromosomal distribution of segments resistant to AluI restriction endonuclease and identification of the C-banded heterochromatin presented here have been used to characterize the grayling karyotype polymorphism. Structural and length polymorphism of the chromosome 21 showing a conspicuous heterochromatin block adjacent to the centromere seems to be the result of the deletion and inversion. Two pairs of nuclear organizer regions (NOR)-bearing chromosomes were found to be polymorphic in size and displaying several distinct forms. FISH with telomeric peptide nucleic acid probe enabled recognition of the conservative telomeric DNA sequences. The karyotype of the thymallid fish is thought to experienced numerous pericentric inversions and internal telomeric sites (ITSs) observed at the pericentromeric regions of the six European grayling metacentric chromosomes are likely relics of the these rearrangements. None of the ITS sites matched either chromosome 21 or NOR bearing chromosomes.University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland (0804.0809)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

"Proíbo a publicação e circulação..." - censura a livros na ditadura militar

Durante a ditadura militar brasileira (1964-1985), cerca de 140 livros de autores brasileiros foram oficialmente vetados pelo Estado. Este artigo apresenta parte dos resultados de um projeto que visou fazer o levantamento sistemático das obras censuradas e traçar um panorama da atuação censória do governo militar em relação a livros, destacadamente obras de autores brasileiros, com ênfase no período posterior a 1970. Além de fontes bibliográficas, utilizamos o arquivo de pareceres do Departamento de Censura de Diversões Públicas (DCDP), órgão do Ministério da Justiça, que a partir de 1970 passou a exercer a censura a livros e revistas. O presente artigo é uma versão modificada de trechos do livro Repressão e resistência: censura a livros na ditadura militar, publicado pela Edusp, com apoio da Fapesp, em 2011