Serum levels of triiodothyronine, thyroxin and thyrotropin in the patients with major depressive, in comparison with normal patients

زمینه و هدف: افسردگی شایع‌ترین اختلال روان‌پزشکی است که اخیراً ارتباط آن با بعضی از هورمون ها مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین سطوح سرمی تری یدوتیرونین (T3)، تیروکسین (T4) و هورمون محرکۀ تیروئید یا تیروتروپین (TSH) در بیماران مبتلا به افسردگی اساسی و مقایسه آن با افراد بالغ سالم در همدان صورت گرفت. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه مورد- شاهدی 32 بیمار با تشخیص اختلال افسردگی اساسی (بر اساس آزمون افسردگی بک) مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان روانپزشکی همدان و 32 بالغ سالم که از نظر سن و جنس با گروه افسرده همسان سازی شده بودند به روش در دسترس انتخاب شدند. سطوح سرمی تری یدوتیرونین، تیروکسیین و هورمون محرکه تیروئید در هر دو گروه اندازه گیری شد. داده ها با کمک آزمون های آماری کای دو، t مستقل، تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه و رگرسیون لجستیک تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته‌ها: متوسط سطوح سرمی T4 و TSH در افراد افسرده نسبت به سالم به طور معنی‌داری بالاتر بود (01/0P=). در حالی که متوسط سطح سرمی T3 این دو گروه تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت )08/0 P=.). در مقایسه افراد مبتلا به افسردگی بالینی (نمره بالای 21 آزمون بک) و غیر افسرده بالینی (نمره زیر 21 آزمون بک) فقط در سطح سرمی TSH افزایش معنی‌داری وجود داشت (001/0P=). بر اساس آزمون رگرسیون لوجستیک افزایش 1 واحد در سطح سرمی T4 و TSH به ترتیب شانس ابتلا به افسردگی را 3/1 و 7/1 برابر و شانس ابتلا به افسردگی بالینی را به ترتیب 2/1 و 09/2 برابر افزایش می‌دهد. نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس نتایج، میانگین سطوح سرمی T4 و TSH در افسردگی اساسی نسبت به گروه شاهد بالاتر بودند. با سنجش این دو هورمون در سرم ممکن است بتوان بروز افسردگی را در فرد پیش‌بینی نمود

Effects of nitrate on the treatment of lead contaminated groundwater by nanoscale zerovalent iron

Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) is efficient for removing Pb(2+) and nitrate from water. However, the influence of nitrate, a common groundwater anion, on Pb(2+) removal by nZVI is not well understood. In this study, we showed that under excess Fe(0) conditions (molar ratio of Fe(0)/nitrate>4), Pb(2+) ions were immobilized more quickly (<5 min) than in nitrate-free systems (∼ 15 min) due to increasing pH. With nitrate in excess (molar ratio of Fe(0)/nitrate<4), nitrate stimulated the formation of crystal PbxFe3-xO4 (ferrite), which provided additional Pb(2+) removal. However, ∼ 7% of immobilized Pb(2+) ions were released into aqueous phase within 2h due to ferrite deformation. Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) values below -600 mV correlated with excess Fe(0) conditions (complete Pb(2+) immobilization), while ORP values ≥-475 mV characterized excess nitrate conditions (ferrite process and Pb(2+) release occurrence). This study indicates that ORP monitoring is important for proper management of nZVI-based remediation in the subsurface to avoid lead remobilization in the presence of nitrate

A review on radiation-induced nucleation and growth of colloidal metallic nanoparticles

This review presents an introduction to the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles by radiation-induced method, especially gamma irradiation. This method offers some benefits over the conventional methods because it provides fully reduced and highly pure nanoparticles free from by-products or chemical reducing agents, and is capable of controlling the particle size and structure. The nucleation and growth mechanism of metallic nanoparticles are also discussed. The competition between nucleation and growth process in the formation of nanoparticles can determine the size of nanoparticles which is influenced by certain parameters such as the choice of solvents and stabilizer, the precursor to stabilizer ratio, pH during synthesis, and absorbed dose

Mersilene mesh versus sclera in wrapping hydroxyapatite orbital implants

PURPOSE: To compare Mersilene mesh versus sclera in wrapping hydroxyapatite orbital implants used in primary enucleation. METHODS: In a prospective, randomized, interventional comparative case series, 60 eyes from 60 consecutive patients were included and randomly allocated for primary enucleation and either Mersilene mesh-wrapped hydroxyapatite (MHA) orbital implant (30 cases, 50) or sclera-wrapped hydroxyapatite (SHA) orbital implant (30 cases, 50) under general anesthesia. Complete socket examination was performed at 1 week, 1 month, and then every 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: Mean age was not significantly different (P = 0.08) between patients with MHA (36.43 years) and SHA (28.50 years) orbital implants. The most common cause of enucleation was trauma in both groups (P = 0.09). Patients with MHA had significantly (P =0.005) longer follow-up time (mean, 11.40 months) than those with SHA (mean, 9.40 months). No exposure was found at last follow-up in the MHA group, but one patient in the SHA group had a small exposure (1 � 1 mm) 1 month after surgery that was conservatively treated. There were no significant postoperative soft tissue complications in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Sclera and Mersilene mesh could be used as a wrapping material for hydroxyapatite orbital implants without significant complications. Absence of disease transmission, low cost, and availability are the main advantages of Mersilene mesh. ©2006 The American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc