ETHICAL CHALLENGE AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY

В статье рассматриваются возникающие проблемы в области биоэтики в связи с развитием биотехнологий. Профессиональное инженерное образование необходимо в таких областях как биология, фармацевтика, сельское хозяйство. Для формирования профессиональной компетентности будущих биотехнологов необходимо учитывать этическую проблематикуThe article deals with the emerging problems in the field of bioethics in connection with the development of biotechnology. Professional engineering education is necessary in such areas as biology, pharmaceuticals, agriculture. Ethical issues must be taken into account in order to develop the professional competence of future biotechnologist

Emotion Design in the Educational Program “Intelligent Systems in the Humanities”

The article analyses the experience of building a bachelor’s degree program “Intelligent systems in the Humanities” from the point of view of instructional design. When creating educational programs, it is necessary to specifically design points of contact with the educational product and consider a variety of relationships between factors that affect students. The inclusion of such subjects as “Philosophy of invention” and “Cognitive heuristics” in the curriculum helps students to consciously approach their own peculiarities of information perception. The use of module projects and practice oportunities allows students to systematize and apply the knowledge gained

Information Effect of Entry Into Credit Ratings Market: The Case of Insurers\u27 Ratings

The paper analyzes the effect of competition between credit rating agencies (CRAs) on the information content of ratings. We show that a monopolistic CRA pools sellers into multiple rating classes and has partial market coverage. This provides an opportunity for market entry. The entrant designs a rating scale distinct from that of the incumbent. It targets higher-than-average companies in each rating grade of the incumbent\u27s rating scale and employs more stringent rating standards. We use Standard and Poor\u27s (S&P) entry into the market for insurance ratings previously covered by a monopolist, A.M. Best, to empirically test the impact of entry on the information content of ratings. The empirical analysis reveals that S&P required higher standards to assign a rating similar to the one assigned by A.M. Best and that higher-than-average quality insurers in each rating category of A.M. Best chose to receive a second rating from S&P

Emotional Artificial Intelligence: Preservation and Renewal of Humanism

Способность к пониманию и управлению эмоциями означает, что человек может распознавать эмоции, контролировать их интенсивность и внешнее выражение. Концепт «эмоциональный искусственный интеллект» говорит о теоретической способности интеллектуальных агентов к распознаванию эмоций. Вопрос об эмоциональности интеллектуальных агентов может быть поставлен в двух плоскостях: с одной стороны, как вопрос об эмоциональной архитектуре самих агентов, а с другой — как возможность индуцирования эмоций в окружающих людях. В связи с этим неизбежно возникают изменения в оценке гуманистического потенциала интеллектуальных агентов.The ability to understand and manage emotions means that the man can recognize emotions, control their intensity and external expression. The concept of “emotional artificial intelligence” refers to the theoretical ability of intelligent agents to recognize emotions. Question about emotional intelligent agents can be delivered in two planes: on the one hand, the question about the emotional architecture of agents themselves, and, on the other hand, the possibility of inducing emotions in the people around, in this context inevitably changes occur in the assessment of humanistic potential of intelligent agents

The Applicability of Heuristic Methods in Emotion Recognition: The Onto-Epistemological Aspect

The applicability of heuristic methods in the recognition of emotions is considered. In order to understand what makes methods heuristic, the author proposes to consider both the ontological and epistemological status of heuristic methods in the recognition of emotions. The simultaneous use of different approaches can give the algorithm a heuristic character. In epistemological terms, heuristic modeling offers probabilistic models for recognizing emotions, and in ontological terms, emotions can be recognized in different environments. Heuristic methods show how intelligent systems can be flexible and adaptive.Для того, чтобы понять, что делает методы эвристическими, автор предлагает рассмотреть как онтологический, так и гносеологический статус эвристических методов в распознавании эмоций. Одновременность использования разных подходов может придавать алгоритму эвристический характер. В гносеологическом плане эвристическое моделирование предлагает вероятностные модели распознавания эмоций, а в онтологическом плане эмоции могут распознаваться в различных средах. Эвристические методы показывают, насколько интеллектуальные системы могут быть гибкими и адаптивными

An Extreme Case of a Misaligned Highly Flattened Wind in the Wolf-Rayet Binary CX Cephei

CX Cep (WR 151) is the WR+O binary (WN5+O5V) with the second shortest period known in our Galaxy. To examine the circumstellar matter distribution and to better constraint the orbital parameters and mass-loss rate of the WR star, we obtained broadband and multi-band (i.e. UBVRI) linear polarization observations of the system. Our analysis of the phase-locked polarimetric modulation confirms the high orbital inclination of the system (i.e. $i=65^o$). Using the orbital solution of Lewis et al. (1993) we obtain masses of $33.9 M_{\odot}$ and $23.9 M_{\odot}$ for the O and WR stars respectively, which agree with their spectral types. A simple polarimetric model accounting for finite stellar size effects allowed us to derive a mass-loss rate for the WR star of $0.3-0.5\times10^{-5} M_{\odot}/yr$. This result was remarkably independent of the model's input parameters and favors an earlier spectral type for the WR component (i.e. WN4). Finally, using our multi-band observations, we fitted and subtracted from our data the interstellar polarization. The resulting constant intrinsic polarization of $3-4$ is misaligned in relation to the orbital plane (i.e. $\theta_{CIP}=26^o$ vs. $\Omega=75^o$) and is the highest intrinsic polarization ever observed for a WR star. This misalignment points towards a rotational (or magnetic) origin for the asymmetry and contradicts the most recent evolutionary models for massive stars (Meynet & Maeder 2003) which predict spherically symmetric winds during the WR phase (i.e. $CIP=0$).Comment: 26 pages, 4 figures. Astrophysical Journal (submited

Competitiveness of the domestic industrial enterprises

Понятие конкурентоспособность является относительным, а не абсолютным.The concept competitiveness is relative, but not absolute

DUST PARTICLE CHARGE DETERMINATION IN CONSIDERATION OF NON-LOCAL EFFECTS IN A STRATIFIED GLOW DISCHARGE

A new theoretical method of dust particle charge determination is provided. This method is based on the calculation of the ion and electron fluxes on the dust particle surface in a spatially periodic strata field. The electron flux is calculated through the non-local electron distribution function (EDF), which is formed by inhomogeneous strata potential. The comparison between proposed theoretical method and the traditional method of using Maxwell EDF for dust particle charge calculation is done87-8

Oxygen and nitrogen abundances of HII regions in six spiral galaxies

Spectroscopic observations of 63 HII regions in six spiral galaxies (NGC 628, NGC 783, NGC 2336, NGC 6217, NGC 7331, and NGC 7678) were carried out with the 6-meter telescope (BTA) of Russian Special Astrophysical Observatory with the Spectral Camera attached to the focal reducer SCORPIO in the multislit mode with a dispersion of 2.1A/pixel and a spectral resolution of 10A. These observations were used to estimate the oxygen and nitrogen abundances and the electron temperatures in HII regions through the recent variant of the strong line method (NS calibration). The parameters of the radial distribution (the extrapolated central intercept value and the gradient) of the oxygen and nitrogen abundances in the disks of spiral galaxies NGC 628, NGC 783, NGC 2336, NGC 7331, and NGC 7678 have been determined. The abundances in the NGC 783, NGC 2336, NGC 6217, and NGC 7678 are measured for the first time. Galaxies from our sample follow well the general trend in the luminosity - central metallicity diagram for spiral and irregular galaxies.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRA

The impact of secondary mineral formation on Na-K-geothermometer readings: a case study for the Valley of Geysers hydrothermal system (Kronotsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve, Kamchatka)

The temperature in the Valley of Geysers (Kamchatka) geothermal reservoir calculated using the feldspar Na-K-geothermometer has been steadily increasing over the past 10 years on average from 165 to 235 °C, which is close to the temperature values of a hydrothermal explosion of the steam and water mixture. For the analysis of chemical geothermometers, TOUGHREACT-simulation was used, with the help of which the previously known Na-K feldspar geothermometer was reproduced on a single-element model and new formulas were obtained for three Na-K geothermometers: zeolite, smectite, and based on volcanic glass. Data of chemical analysis for the period 1968-2018, in which the chloride ion is considered as an inert tracer of geofiltration processes, indicates that after 2007 a significant inflow of infiltration water (its mass fraction is estimated from 5 to 15 %) into the Geyser reservoir. It is assumed that the Na-K increased values of the feldspar geothermometer are not the result of the temperature increase in the Geyser reservoir, but the effect of smectite water dilution