INTERNET PARA OS GANHOS DOS ESTUDANTES: LOCAL DE TRABALHO OU ESPAÇO DE COMUNICAÇÃO

La sobrecarga de trabajo de los docentes puede ocasionar desafíos para los docentes que provoquen agotamiento a largo plazo si no se abordan. En consecuencia, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo examinar las fuentes de prevención del agotamiento desde las perspectivas de los supervisores EFL (inglés como lengua extranjera). Los participantes fueron 85 supervisores de EFL iraníes cuyo trabajo consistía en observar y dar retroalimentación a los maestros sobre su desempeño docente en varios niveles de dominio del idioma, desde los niveles de primaria hasta los avanzados. En este estudio se empleó un diseño secuencial de método mixto. Primero, la recopilación de datos cualitativos se realizó mediante entrevistas con 30 participantes para determinar las fuentes de prevención del agotamiento desde la perspectiva de los supervisores. A continuación, se diseñó un cuestionario de prevención de agotamiento utilizando los resultados de las entrevistas, después de lo cual se administró a los participantes restantes. Los datos recopilados fueron analizados por factores para identificar los componentes de la construcción de prevención de agotamiento. Los resultados del análisis de contenido de los datos de la entrevista indicaron que el apoyo de los maestros por parte de sus colegas, la situación menos estresante y la satisfacción laboral fueron las principales fuentes de prevención del agotamiento. El análisis factorial mostró las mismas fuentes de agotamiento que los componentes principales de la construcción de prevención de agotamiento. Los hallazgos de este estudio enfatizan la contribución del apoyo educativo y emocional de los maestros, proporcionando un lugar de trabajo constructivo y saludable, así como ingresos deseables como formas de prevención del agotamiento en los maestros de EFL.Teacher work overload can cause challenges for teachers leading to burnout in the long term if not addressed. Consequently, the present study aims at examining the sources of burnout prevention from EFL (English as a foreign Language) supervisors’ perspectives. The participants were 85 Iranian EFL supervisors whose job was observing and giving feedback to teachers about their teaching performance at various levels of language proficiencies from elementary to advanced levels. A sequential mixed method design was employed in this study. First, collection of qualitative data was performed using interviews with 30 participants in order to determine the sources of burnout prevention from supervisors’ perspectives. Next, a burnout prevention questionnaire was designed using the results of the interviews, after which it was administered to the remaining participants. The collected data were factor analyzed to identify the components of burnout prevention construct. Results of content analysis of the interview data indicated that teachers’ support from their colleagues, less stressful situation, and job satisfaction were the main sources of burnout prevention. Factor analysis showed the same sources of burnout as the main components of the burnout prevention construct. The findings of this study emphasize on the contribution of teachers’ educational and emotional support, providing constructive and healthy working place, as well as desirable income as ways for prevention of burnout in EFL teachers.A sobrecarga de trabalho do professor pode causar desafios para os professores, levando a esgotamento a longo prazo, se não forem abordados. Consequentemente, o presente estudo tem como objetivo examinar as fontes de prevenção de burnout das perspectivas dos supervisores de EFL (inglês como língua estrangeira). Os participantes foram 85 supervisores iranianos de EFL, cujo trabalho era observar e dar feedback aos professores sobre seu desempenho no ensino em vários níveis de proficiência linguística, do nível básico ao avançado. Um método misto sequencial foi empregado neste estudo. Primeiro, a coleta de dados qualitativos foi realizada por meio de entrevistas com 30 participantes, a fim de determinar as fontes de prevenção de burnout na perspectiva dos supervisores. Em seguida, foi elaborado um questionário de prevenção de burnout, utilizando os resultados das entrevistas, após o qual foi aplicado aos demais participantes. Os dados coletados foram analisados por fatores para identificar os componentes do construto de prevenção de burnout. Os resultados da análise de conteúdo dos dados da entrevista indicaram que o apoio dos professores de seus colegas, a situação menos estressante e a satisfação no trabalho foram as principais fontes de prevenção de burnout. A análise fatorial mostrou as mesmas fontes de burnout que os principais componentes do construto de prevenção de burnout. As conclusões deste estudo enfatizam a contribuição do apoio educacional e emocional dos professores, proporcionando um local de trabalho construtivo e saudável, bem como a renda desejável como formas de prevenção do esgotamento nos professores de EFL

L.L. Fofanof: 140th anniversary of his birth. Contribution to science

The article is dedicated to Professor L.L. Fofanof’s scientific activity. He headed the faculty therapeutic clinic of Kazan Imperial University in 1915-1920. Being a student L.L. Fofanov was interested in pathological anatomy and physiology. His dissertation «To physiology of n. depressoris» was dedicated to studying the vasomotor center. During his visit in Germany he worked a lot. In Charite together with Professor His he studied gout and its treatment with Radium emanation. In Halle clinic under Professor Schmidt’s supervision he studied assimilation of starch in normal and pathological digestion. L.L. Fofanov also made a contribution to tuberculosis treatment: with professor V.F. Orlovskiy he studied treatment of tuberculosis with simulated pneumothorax. In his research professor L.L. Fofanov paid great attention to the issues of pathogenesis and pathogenetic substantiation of the clinical manifestation and treatment. During the World War I and Civil War he fought against typhus epidemies: he saw patients, gave lectures, studied the features of myocardial involvement. He died in 1920 from typhus

The role of VNTR aggrecan gene polymorphism in the development of osteoarthritis in women

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common multifactorial joint disease. Undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (uCTD) is a genetically determined lesion of the connective tissue structures, including joints, and it can be one of the factors predisposing to development of OA. Solving the problem of comorbidity of OA and uCTD signs will contribute to the early diagnosis and prophylactics of OA. Aggrecan is one of the major structural components of cartilage and it provides the ability to resist compressive loads throughout life. We examined 316 women (mean age 50.5 ± 4.77) for signs of uCTD and OA. A study of the aggrecan gene (ACAN) VNTR polymorphism, which is represented by a variable number of 57 nucleotide repeats, was performed. We searched for associations between the VNTR locus and OA in general and with an account of the localization of the pathological process, as well as with the presence of uCTD signs. Twelve allelic variants and 24 genotypes of the VNTR polymorphism of the aggrecan gene (ACAN) were identified, the most frequent variants were alleles with 27, 28 and 26 repeats. A significance of allele *27 (х2 = 6.297, p = 0.012, odds ratio (OR) = 1.50; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.09-2.05) in the development of OA in general, knee OA (х2 = 4.613, p = 0.031, OR = 1.52; 95 % CI 1.04-2.23), and multiple OA (х2 = 4.181, p = 0.04, OR = 1.68; 95 % CI 1.02-2.78) was revealed. Homozygous genotype *27*27 was associated with OA (х2 = 3.921, р = 0.047, OR = 1.72; 95 % CI 1-2.96), and OA with uCTD signs in women (х2 = 5.415, p = 0.019, OR = 2.34; 95 % CI 1.13-4.83)

Association of vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFВ) gene polymorphisms with intracranial aneurysms

Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a complex disease resulting in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to a rupture. The average worldwide prevalence of this disease is about 2–5 %, with 50 % of them ending in death or neurological disorders of varying severity, with a high probability of recurrence of hemorrhage during the frst half of the year after rupture. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is annually registered in at least 18 thousand people in Russia. Associations of polymorphic variants rs594942 and rs11603042 of the VEGFB gene in intracranial aneurysm development in the Volga-Ural region of the Russian Federation with the presence of the symptom complex of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (uDST) and arterial hypertension (AH) were investigated. The C* allele rs594942 and rs11603042 of the VEGFB gene is a marker of an increased risk of IA as a whole (p = 0.025; χ2 = 5.052; OR = 1.32) in women as a whole (p = 0.001; χ2 = 10.124; OR = 1.70) and in comorbid state with uDCT (p = 0.002; χ2 = 9.501; OR = 2.34) and AG (p = 0.006; χ2 = 7.385; OR = 2.109). We found that the genotype *C*C of locus rs594942 of the VEGFB gene is a marker of an increased risk of intracranial aneurysm in general (p = 0.017; χ2 = 5.702; OR = 1.49) and among women in general (p = 0.0005; χ2 = 12.078; OR = 2.25) and with the symptomatic complex uCTD (p = 0.007; χ2 = 7.173; OR = 2.67) and AH (p = 0.010; χ2 = 6.471; OR = 2.51). We have obtained new results on the role of polymorphic variants of the VEGFB gene in the formation of intracranial aneurysm, taking into account the presence of the symptom complex uDCT and AH among the residents of the Volga-Ural region of Russia. A burdened comorbid background and the presence of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia and arterial hypertension can contribute to an increased risk of intracranial aneurysm, as evidenced by the results of our study

Полиморфные варианты гена ADAMTS5 – новые маркеры гипермобильности суставов

Joint hypermobility (JH) is a common phenotype that can be both an independent clinical syndrome and a manifestation of connective tissue diseases. The pathogenesis of JH is not well understood. JH may be a predisposing factor in the development of musculoskeletal system pathology, so it is necessary to identify its molecular markers to prevent the formation of associated disorders.Objective: to search for associations of five polymorphic variants of the ADAMTS5 gene with JH and connective tissue dysplasia (CTD).Material and methods. A one-stage screening study of young people (n=181, mean age 21.86±0.22 years) was performed. We searched for associations of polymorphic variants of the rs226794, rs9978597, rs2830585, rs229077, rs229069 loci of the ADAMTS5 gene with JH, undifferentiated CTD, and their combinations. JH was determined by the Beighton scale, CTD – by a quantitative method. The study of polymorphic variants was carried out using real-time polymerase chain reaction. To compare qualitative features, Fisher's exact test with Yates’s correction for 2×2 contingency tables was used. The strength of associations was assessed using the odds ratio (OR), differences were considered significant at p<0.05, the correction for multiple comparisons was performed using the Benjamini–Hochberg method (false discovery rate, FDR).Results and discussion. JH was detected in 128 (70.7%), signs of CTD – in 129 (71.3%) patients, including 115 (63.5%) patients in combination with JH. We found associations of the T allele and the TT genotype of the rs9978597 locus with the presence of JH (OR 5.00 and 7.81, respectively), CTD (OR 3.13 and 3.96), or their combinations (OR 6.33 and 10.23). An association of the GG genotype of the rs226794 locus with isolated JH was also found (OR 3.87).Conclusion. The GG genotype of the rs226794 locus of the ADAMTS5 gene is a marker of isolated JH, the T allele of the rs9978597 locus is a marker of both isolated JH and CTD, and their combination.Гипермобильность суставов (ГМС) – часто встречающийся фенотип, который может быть как самостоятельным клиническим синдромом, так и проявлением заболеваний соединительной ткани. Патогенез ГМС изучен недостаточно. ГМС может являться предрасполагающим фактором развития патологии опорно-двигательного аппарата, поэтому необходимо выявление ее молекулярных маркеров для профилактики формирования ассоциированных нарушений.Цель исследования – поиск ассоциаций пяти полиморфных вариантов гена ADAMTS5 с ГМС и дисплазией соединительной ткани (ДСТ).Материал и методы. Выполнено одномоментное скрининговое исследование лиц молодого возраста (n=181, средний возраст – 21,86±0,22 года). Проведен поиск ассоциаций полиморфных вариантов локусов rs226794, rs9978597, rs2830585, rs229077, rs229069 гена ADAMTS5 с ГМС, недифференцированной ДСТ и их сочетаниями. ГМС определяли по шкале Beighton, ДСТ – количественным методом. Исследование полиморфных вариантов осуществлялось с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени. Для сравнения качественных признаков использовали точный критерий Фишера с поправкой Йетса для таблиц сопряженности 2×2. Силу ассоциаций оценивали посредством отношения шансов (ОШ), различия считали значимыми при p<0,05, поправку на множественность сравнений проводили методом Бенджамини–Хохберга (метод контроля ожидаемой доли ложных отклонений гипотез – false discovery rate, FDR).Результаты и обсуждение. ГМС была выявлена у 128 (70,7%), признаки ДСТ – у 129 (71,3%) пациентов, в том числе у 115 (63,5%) – в сочетании с ГМС. Обнаружены ассоциации аллеля Т и генотипа ТТ локуса rs9978597 с наличием ГМС (ОШ 5,00 и 7,81 соответственно), ДСТ (ОШ 3,13 и 3,96) и их сочетания (ОШ 6,33 и 10,23). Также была найдена ассоциация генотипа GG локуса rs226794 с изолированной ГМС (ОШ 3,87).Заключение. Генотип GG локуса rs226794 гена ADAMTS5 является маркером изолированной ГМС, аллель T локуса rs9978597 – маркером как изолированных ГМС и ДСТ, так и их сочетания

CLINICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ANCA-ASSOCIATED VASCULITIS: 7 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

The aim of the research is to study nosological structure, features of kidney, lung damage, deaths in patients with ANCA – associated vasculitis underwent medical treatment in a multidisciplinary hospital. Material and methods. Selection and subsequent retrospective analysis of the medical histories of 38 inpatient patients observed in nephrological, rheumatological, pulmonological and surgical thoracic departments for the period from January 2012 to december 2018 were carried out. The disease main clinical symptoms, variants of the X-ray picture, and causes of death were assessed in the patients according to the clinical and laboratory examination. Results and discussion. The most common diagnosis was eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) – 16 cases; microscopic polyangiitis was diagnosed in 11 patients, granulomatosis with polyangiitis – in 9 persons. in 2 cases, ANCA-associated vasculitis was diagnosed without specifying the nosological form. The most common symptoms in patients with ANCA-vasculitis were fever, progressive shortness of breath, weakness, artalgia, eosinophilia, which occurred mainly in patients with EGPA. Among analyzed 38 cases, there were 6 men and 32 women. The average age of patients was 50.72 ± 12.6 years. There were 5 deaths and, in 2 cases, the outcome could not be clarified. All deaths occurred during the first year from the disease onset caused by infectious complications or severe manifestations of the main disease

Сочетание анкилозирующего спондилита и артериита Такаясу: описание клинического случая

The paper describes a rare clinical case of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with concurrent with Takayasu arteritis (AT). It considers the common immunopathogenetic mechanisms that can link these two diseases. Taking into account that there may be common triggering factors for AS and AT, it is necessary to make an examination to diagnose AT when a patient with AS is found to have fever, an increase in the indicators of acute phase inflammation, and the objective signs of cardiovascular disease characteristic of large-vessel vasculitis.Представлено клиническое наблюдение редкого сочетания анкилозирующего спондилита (АС) с артериитом Такаясу (АТ). Рассмотрены общие иммунопатогенетические механизмы, которые могут связывать эти два заболевания. Учитывая возможное наличие единых провоцирующих факторов развития АС и АТ, при выявлении у пациента с АС лихорадки, повышения острофазовых показателей воспаления, объективных признаков поражения сердечно-сосудистой системы, характерных для васкулита крупных сосудов, необходимо проводить обследование с целью диагностики АТ

Association of vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFВ) gene polymorphisms with intracranial aneurysms

Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a complex disease resulting in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to a rupture. The average worldwide prevalence of this disease is about 2–5 %, with 50 % of them ending in death or neurological disorders of varying severity, with a high probability of recurrence of hemorrhage during the first half of the year after rupture. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is annually registered in at least 18 thousand people in Russia. Associations of polymorphic variants rs594942 and rs11603042 of the VEGFB gene in intracranial aneurysm development in the Volga-Ural region of the Russian Federation with the presence of the symptom complex of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (uDST) and arterial hypertension (AH) were investigated. The C* allele rs594942 and rs11603042 of the VEGFB gene is a marker of an increased risk of IA as a whole (p = 0.025; χ 2 = 5.052; OR = 1.32) in women as a whole (p = 0.001; χ 2 = 10.124; OR = 1.70) and in comorbid state with uDCT (p = 0.002; χ 2 = 9.501; OR = 2.34) and AG (p = 0.006; χ 2 = 7.385; OR = 2.109). We found that the genotype *C*C of locus rs594942 of the VEGFB gene is a marker of an increased risk of intracranial aneurysm in general (p = 0.017; χ 2 = 5.702; OR = 1.49) and among women in general (p = 0.0005; χ 2 = 12.078; OR = 2.25) and with the symptomatic complex uCTD (p = 0.007; χ 2 = 7.173; OR = 2.67) and AH (p = 0.010; χ 2 = 6.471; OR = 2.51). We have obtained new results on the role of polymorphic variants of the VEGFB gene in the formation of intracranial aneurysm, taking into account the presence of the symptom complex uDCT and AH among the residents of the Volga-Ural region of Russia. A burdened comorbid background and the presence of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia and arterial hypertension can contribute to an increased risk of intracranial aneurysm, as evidenced by the results of our study. © AUTHORS, 2018.Experiments were performed with human tissue samples from the collection of the Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Uralian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences. This work was supported by the FASO Russia program for the development of bioresource collections