El precio de la fidelidad : La guerra de Sucesión en el Río de la Plata, los intereses locales y el bando Borbón

La guerra, como lo subraya Fernand Braudel, siempre pone en movimiento las flrees enproflndeur que son las economías, los Estados, las civilizaciones. Como este mismo autor constata, después de la batalla de Lepanto el escenario de la guerra pasa del Mediterráneo «au Nord, a l'Ouest sur I'Atlantique - et pour des siecles -la où elle doit etre, la oú bat le coeur du monde». Y en el extremo sur del Atlántico ocupado por los europeos en los tiempos modernos, está el Río de la Plata, y la guerra o su amenaza fue una constante en la historia de la región desde la instalación de los europeos hasta la segunda mitad del siglo XIX 4. En el Río de la Plata la economía, el Estado y la civilización se construyen al calor de la guerra.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

El precio de la fidelidad : La guerra de Sucesión en el Río de la Plata, los intereses locales y el bando Borbón

La guerra, como lo subraya Fernand Braudel, siempre pone en movimiento las flrees enproflndeur que son las economías, los Estados, las civilizaciones. Como este mismo autor constata, después de la batalla de Lepanto el escenario de la guerra pasa del Mediterráneo «au Nord, a l'Ouest sur I'Atlantique - et pour des siecles -la où elle doit etre, la oú bat le coeur du monde». Y en el extremo sur del Atlántico ocupado por los europeos en los tiempos modernos, está el Río de la Plata, y la guerra o su amenaza fue una constante en la historia de la región desde la instalación de los europeos hasta la segunda mitad del siglo XIX 4. En el Río de la Plata la economía, el Estado y la civilización se construyen al calor de la guerra.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

El precio de la fidelidad : La guerra de Sucesión en el Río de la Plata, los intereses locales y el bando Borbón

La guerra, como lo subraya Fernand Braudel, siempre pone en movimiento las flrees enproflndeur que son las economías, los Estados, las civilizaciones. Como este mismo autor constata, después de la batalla de Lepanto el escenario de la guerra pasa del Mediterráneo «au Nord, a l'Ouest sur I'Atlantique - et pour des siecles -la où elle doit etre, la oú bat le coeur du monde». Y en el extremo sur del Atlántico ocupado por los europeos en los tiempos modernos, está el Río de la Plata, y la guerra o su amenaza fue una constante en la historia de la región desde la instalación de los europeos hasta la segunda mitad del siglo XIX 4. En el Río de la Plata la economía, el Estado y la civilización se construyen al calor de la guerra.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

A randomised study of the impact of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on microvascular and macrovascular circulation

BACKGROUND: The sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, dapagliflozin, has been shown to improve diabetic control and reduce blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its effects on micro- and macrovascular structure and function have not yet been reported. METHODS: This was a prospective, single-centre, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised crossover phase IIIb study conducted between March 2014 and February 2015. After a 4-week run-in/washout phase, patients (N = 59) received 6 weeks of either dapagliflozin 10 mg or placebo once daily. They then underwent a 1-week washout before crossing over to the other treatment. Changes in retinal capillary flow (RCF) and arteriole remodelling were evaluated using scanning laser Doppler flowmetry, while micro- and macrovascular parameters in the systemic circulation were assessed using pulse wave analysis. RESULTS: Six weeks of dapagliflozin treatment resulted in improvements in diabetes control, including blood glucose and insulin resistance, and reduced office and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure values. RCF decreased from 324 AU at baseline to 308 AU after treatment with dapagliflozin (p = 0.028), while there was little difference after the placebo (318 AU; p = 0.334). Furthermore, the arteriole remodelling that was seen after the placebo phase was not evident after the dapagliflozin phase. Central systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were significantly lower after 6 weeks of dapagliflozin, by 3.0 and 2.2 mmHg, respectively (p = 0.035 and 0.020, respectively vs. baseline). CONCLUSIONS: Six weeks of dapagliflozin treatment resulted in numerous beneficial effects. In addition to achieving superior diabetes control and blood pressure, parameters associated with the early stages of vascular remodelling were also improved. Trial registration http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02383238

DNA multigene characterization of Fasciola hepatica and Lymnaea neotropica and its fascioliasis transmission capacity in Uruguay, with historical correlation, human report review and infection risk analysis

Fascioliasis is a highly pathogenic zoonotic disease emerging in recent decades, in part due to the effects of climate and global changes. South America is the continent presenting more numerous human fascioliasis endemic areas and the highest Fasciola hepatica infection prevalences and intensities known in humans. These serious public health scenarios appear mainly linked to altitude areas in Andean countries, whereas lowland areas of non-Andean countries, such as Uruguay, only show sporadic human cases or outbreaks. To understand this difference, we characterized F. hepatica from cattle and horses and lymnaeids of Uruguay by sequencing of ribosomal DNA ITS-2 and ITS-1 spacers and mitochondrial DNA cox1, nad1 and 16S genes. Results indicate that vectors belong to Lymnaea neotropica instead of to Lymnaea viator, as always reported from Uruguay. Our correlation of fasciolid and lymnaeid haplotypes with historical data on the introduction and spread of livestock species into Uruguay allow to understand the molecular diversity detected. We study the life cycle and transmission features of F. hepatica by L. neotropica of Uruguay under standardized experimental conditions to enable a comparison with the transmission capacity of F. hepatica by Galba truncatula at very high altitude in Bolivia. Results demonstrate that although L. neotropica is a highly efficient vector in the lowlands, its transmission capacity is markedly lower than that of G. truncatula in the highlands. On this baseline, we review the human fascioliasis cases reported in Uruguay and analyze the present and future risk of human infection in front of future climate change estimations

Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus substrates compost on the chemical properties of acid sulfate soils

Abstract The common problem of acid sulfate soils is their acidity, which affects the availability of nutrients. Soil pH is an important factor because interval pH defined the availability of nutrients in the soil. Amelioration could improved soils pH, and techniques that are often used is liming. However, Ramsar convention lime’s application is not recommended because of its potential harm to the environment. Due to that reason, this study was conducted to identify the effect of Pleurotus ostreatus substrates compost on the chemical properties of acid sulfate soils. The greenhouse experiment was arranged in completely randomized design (CDR) with five treatments, i.e. 0 (b0), 5 (b1), 10 (b2), 15 (b3), and 20 (b4) ton ha−1. The highest value of pH (5.05), available N (1.70 ppm and 2.13 ppm, ammonium (NH4 +) and nitrate (NH4 −), respectively), and organic carbon (C) (3.45%) was found in the b4 treatment, compared to control, the b4 treatment improved about 40.50%, 77.50%, and 40.82% for NH4 +, NH4 −, and organic-C, respectively. While, the highest available phosphorus (P) (16.36 ppm) was found in the b3 treatment, which improved about 166.88% compared to control (b0). Application of Pleurotus ostreatus substrates compost was able to ameliorate the chemical properties of acid sulfate soils.</jats:p