La construcción de las identidades en el documental indígena

En el ensayo se analizan diversas formas de representar las identidades étnicas en las películas documentales producidas entre 1992 y 2011 por Ojo de Agua Comunicación, una organización de comunicadores de Oaxaca. Dicho análisis se basa en la problematización de los conceptos del cine documental y del video indígena, y de su capacidad de relacionarse con el otro, para que éste pueda autorrepresentarse en una narrativa audiovisual. Se argumenta que el uso del lenguaje de los documentales observacionales (Bill Nichols) impide la emergencia del otro, debido a que apuesta por una fuente única del discurso y una evaluación del otro en que éste no participa. Además la organización del montaje y la selección de los hechos y de las ideas es siempre responsabilidad del cineasta

Detection of DNA-Psoralen Photoadducts in Mammalian Skin

An immunofluorescence (IF) method for the detection of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) photoadducts to DNA has been developed to assess nuclear damage in keratinocytes and melanocytes after psoralen plus UVA (PUVA) treatment, both under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Cryostat sections of the albino and pigmented guinea pig and human skin were used for in vitro studies to establish minimal and maximal drug concentration and UVA dosimetry for the detection of DNA-8-MOP photoadducts. Limits of detection were as low as 10 ng/cm2 8-MOP and 1 J/cm2 UVA for skin sections and sodium bromide-split epidermal sheets. Guinea pigs treated with topical PUVA revealed positive IF stain in epidermal cell nuclei at a threshold dose of 100 μg/cm2: 8-MOP and 13 J/cm2 UVA. Pretreatments of cryostat cuts with ethanol and alkali before IF test enhanced the sensitivity of detection in vivo about 10-fold and enabled us to follow the repair of DNA damage after treating normal guinea pig skin with a dose of 50 μg/cm2 8-MOP plus 6 J/cm2 UVA. The most interesting findings were as follows: (1) A sensitive method to detect PUVA-induced nuclear damage in epidermal and dermal cells was developed. (2) PUVA treatment induced nuclear DNA damage to melanocytes as well as to adjacent keratinocytes, and melanocytes appeared to be 10 times less vulnerable to photo-damage than keratinocytes. (3) There was a greater propensity for the proliferative cells to be damaged by PUVA. (4) PUVA induced nuclear damage up to 700 μm depth in the dermis. (5) The usefulness of the IF test in detecting DNA damage in μg and ng amounts in vivo and in following the repair of damaged DNA induced by PUVA

Faulting of a turbidite sandstone-siltstone successions: the case study of the Macigno Formation, Tuscany, Italy

Faults in siliciclastic rocks are characterized by a great variability of fault zone architecture and relative permeability properties. This is because siliciclastic rocks (i.e turbidites) are often represented by alternating beds of various thickness and grain size forming a succession of strata with contrasting mechanical properties. For example, the presence of sandstone and clay-rich layers is responsible for the simultaneous occurrence of brittle and ductile deformation, known as “clay smear structures”. Moreover, numerous studies have identified grain size as one of the main influencing factors for fault nucleation processes and fracture intensity in the damage zone. In this work, we present the results of field and laboratory analyses performed on the Macigno Formation cropping out along the coast of western Tuscany. Here, the Macigno Formation is represented by Late Oligocene foredeep siliciclastic succession dominated by turbiditic sandstones with minor siltstones, mudstones, marls and shales. Thin section and 3D analyses, performed by X-ray Synchrotron tomography, allowed us to characterize the grain size and grain and cement composition of studied rocks. Grain size varies from channelized fine-grained sandstones to granule-conglomerates beds (0.006 mm to 4 mm) alternating with heterolithic levee strata of siltstones to fine-grained sandstones (0.0035-0.008 mm). The lithic components consist of metamorphic rocks by 70-80%, magmatic rocks by 15-20% and sedimentary rocks by 5-15%. The turbidite beds are normally well-cemented (by quartz and calcite) and heavily faulted and fractured. Investigated faults show dip-, oblique- and and strike-slip motion and their displacement range from 10s of centimetres to 10s of metres. We documented how both the grain size and the mechanical properties of the alternating beds strongly control the fault zone architecture, in particular in terms of damage zone thickness and fracture frequency. The fault rock types (i.e. breccia vs. gauge) are strictly related to the amount of displacement as well as to the grain size and the cementation of the sandstone. Furthermore, the development of clay smear structures are enhanced by the presence of interbedded thin clay-rich layers

Pleistocene slope, shallow-marine and continental deposits of eastern central Italy wedge-top basin: a record of sea-level changes and mountain building.

This guidebook to Pleistocene sediments exposed in eastern central Italy has been prepared for the PRE-3 geological field trip accompanying the XXI INQUA Congress held in Rome, Italy, in July 2023. It is designed to provide an overview of the sedimentological features, stratigraphic architecture and basin evolutionary steps during the Pleistocene of the central portion of the Periadriatic basin (Central Periadriatic Basin), a N-S oriented foreland basin system associated to the Central Apennine Outer Orogenic Wedge. The Central Periadriatic Basin stretches along the Marche and Abruzzo regions and is an excellent example of an evolving mountain chain and associated deep-marine to fluvial-alluvial foredeep and wedge-top basin system. By integrating surface and subsurface datasets, this field trip affords a fine west to east transect through the Pleistocene basin-fill in southern Marche, where exposures allow a close examination of sedimentary facies and architecture of depositional systems. The basinfill succession includes coarse-grained submarine canyon-fills encased in slope mudstones, mixed beachface-shoreface conglomerates and sandstones, and alternating conglomerate and mudstone bodies interpreted as fluvial-channel and floodplain deposits, respectively. The analysis of facies architecture and discontinuity surfaces will allow the attendees to understand the relative role of sea-level changes, sediment supply, and thrust front propagation inside the foreland basins system as several factors controlling the stratigraphic record

Exercise capacity and cardiac hemodynamic response in female ApoE/LDLR^{-/-} mice : a paradox of preserved V'O_{2max} and exercise capacity despite coronary atherosclerosis

We assessed exercise performance, coronary blood flow and cardiac reserve of female ApoE/LDLR-/- mice with advanced atherosclerosis compared with age-matched, wild-type C57BL6/J mice. Exercise capacity was assessed as whole body maximal oxygen consumption (V'O2max), maximum running velocity (vmax) and maximum distance (DISTmax) during treadmill exercise. Cardiac systolic and diastolic function in basal conditions and in response to dobutamine (mimicking exercise-induced cardiac stress) were assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in vivo. Function of coronary circulation was assessed in isolated perfused hearts. In female ApoE/LDLR-/- mice V'O2max, vmax and DISTmax were not impaired as compared with C57BL6/J mice. Cardiac function at rest and systolic and diastolic cardiac reserve were also preserved in female ApoE/LDLR-/- mice as evidenced by preserved fractional area change and similar fall in systolic and end diastolic area after dobutamine. Moreover, endothelium-dependent responses of coronary circulation induced by bradykinin (Bk) and acetylcholine (ACh) were preserved, while endothelium-independent responses induced by NO-donors were augmented in female ApoE/LDLR-/- mice. Basal COX-2-dependent production of 6-keto-PGF1α was increased. Concluding, we suggest that robust compensatory mechanisms in coronary circulation involving PGI2- and NO-pathways may efficiently counterbalance coronary atherosclerosis-induced impairment in V'O2max and exercise capacity

Neonatal desensitisation for the study of regenerative medicine

Cell replacement is a therapeutic option for numerous diseases of the CNS. Current research has identified a number of potential human donor cell types, for which preclinical testing through xenotransplantation in animal models is imperative. Immune modulation is necessary to promote donor cell survival for sufficient time to assess safety and efficacy. Neonatal desensitization can promote survival of human donor cells in adult rat hosts with little impact on the health of the host and for substantially longer than conventional methods, and has subsequently been applied in a range of studies with variable outcomes. Reviewing these findings may provide insight into the method and its potential for use in preclinical studies in regenerative medicine

Full Multiple Scattering Analysis of XANES at the Cd L 3- and O K- Edges in CdO Films Combined with a Soft-X-Ray Emission Investigation

X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) at the cadmium L3 and oxygen K edges for CdO thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition method, is interpreted within the real-space multiple scattering formalism, FEFF code. The features in the experimental spectra are well reproduced by calculations for a cluster of about six and ten coordination shells around the absorber for L3 edge of Cd and K edge of O, respectively. The calculated projected electronic density of states is found to be in good agreement with unoccupied electronic states in experimental data and allows to conclude that the orbital character of the lowest energy of the conductive band is Cd 5s-O 2p[sigma]*. The charge transfer has been quantified and not purely ionic bonding has been found. Combined XANES and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering measurements allow us to determine the direct and indirect band gap of investigated CdO films to be ~2.4 eV and ~0.9 eV, respectively

Deciphering the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the East Pisco Basin (southern Peru): new insights from the geological mapping of its central portion

The Cenozoic fill of the East Pisco Basin (EPB) preserves the sedimentary record of several episodes of deformation of the forearc crust along the Peruvian margin. The 1:50,000 scale geological map presented here covers an area of about 1,000 km2 lying astride the Ica River and, by establishing a first-order tectonostratigraphic frame for the exposed mid-Eocene–upper Miocene succession, contributes to our understanding of the timing and mode of basin filling and deformation. In the study area, deposition initiated onto the PaE0 nonconformity during the middle Eocene time and continued under an extensional regime until early Oligocene time, with a break in deposition recorded by the OE0 unconformity separating the Paracas and Otuma sequences (megasequence P). During this time interval, a single forearc Pisco Basin extended between an offshore outer forearc high and the Western Cordillera. An Oligocene relative sea-level fall, probably resulting from a combination of tectonic inversion and multiple events of eustatic lowstand, led the Pisco Basin to become subaerially exposed. Evidence for this phase of deformation is recorded by the conspicuous CE0 angular unconformity interposed between megasequences P and N. The oldest normal fault populations documented here consist of NNW- and ENE-trending faults largely predating the CE0 erosional hiatus. This widespread extensional faulting was accompanied by the exhumation of the Outer Shelf High-Coastal Cordillera, which segmented the earlier, Paleogene Pisco Basin into the present-day inner EPB and outer West Pisco Basin. Different tectonic processes have been invoked to explain the Oligocene uplift of the extensional Peruvian forearc basins and formation of the Outer Shelf High, including crustal thickening by underplating at an erosive margin or inversion by propagation of basement-rooted, westverging thrust faults. By earliest Miocene time, uplift ceased and subduction erosion and thinning of the overriding plate resulted in renewed subsidence, rise in relative sea level, and marine transgression over the CE0 unconformity with deposition of the lower Miocene Chilcatay and middle to upper Miocene Pisco composite sequences (megasequence N). The early Miocene phase of extension and associated subsidence was followed by a late Miocene contractional tectonic event, with shortening being accommodated by: (i) oblique-slip (reverse plus dextral) reactivation of inherited NE-trending extensional faults, and development of associated fault-parallel hanging-wall anticlines; and (ii) renewal tectonic uplift of the southwestern basin margin, as suggested by the fanning geometry of the northeast-dipping strata of the Pisco composite sequence and their progressive onlap on top of the basement towards the northeastern, internal margin of the basin

Comparative effectiveness of common therapies for Wilson disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Wilson disease (WD) is a rare disorder of copper metabolism. The objective of this systematic review is to determine the comparative effectiveness and safety of common treatments of WD. METHODS: We included WD patients of any age or stage and the study drugs D-penicillamine, zinc salts, trientine, and tetrathiomolybdate. The control could be placebo, no treatment, or any other treatment. We included prospective, retrospective, randomized, and non-randomized studies. We searched Medline and Embase via Ovid, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and screened reference lists of included articles. Where possible, we applied random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: The 23 included studies reported on 2055 patients and mostly compared D-penicillamine to no treatment, zinc, trientine, or succimer. One study compared tetrathiomolybdate and trientine. Post-decoppering maintenance therapy was addressed in one study only. Eleven of 23 studies were of low quality. When compared to no treatment, D-penicillamine was associated with a lower mortality (odds ratio 0.013; 95% CI 0.0010 to 0.17). When compared to zinc, there was no association with mortality (odds ratio 0.73; 95% CI 0.16 to 3.40) and prevention or amelioration of clinical symptoms (odds ratio 0.84; 95% CI 0.48 to 1.48). Conversely, D-penicillamine may have a greater impact on side effects and treatment discontinuations than zinc. CONCLUSIONS: There are some indications that zinc is safer than D-penicillamine therapy while being similarly effective in preventing or reducing hepatic or neurologic WD symptoms. Study quality was low warranting cautious interpretation of our findings