3,910 research outputs found
Radio polarimetry of compact steep spectrum sources at sub-arcsecond resolution
Aims - We report new Very Large Array polarimetric observations of Compact
Steep-Spectrum (CSS) sources at 8.4, 15, and 23GHz. Methods - Using
multi-frequency VLA observations we have derived sub-arcsecond resolution
images of the total intensity, polarisation, and rotation measure (RM)
distributions. Results heading - We present multi-frequency VLA polarisation
observations of CSS sources. About half of the sources are point-like even at
the resolution of about 0.1x0.1 arcseconds. The remaining sources have double
or triple structure. Low values for the percentage of polarised emission in CSS
sources is confirmed. On the average, quasars are more polarised than galaxies.
A wide range of RM values have been measured. There are clear indications of
very large RMs up to 5\,585 rad m**(-2). CSS galaxies are characterized by RM
values that are larger than CSS quasars. The majority of the objects show very
large values of RM. Conclusions - The available data on sub-arcsecond-scale
rest-frame RM estimates for CSS sources show that these have a wide range of
values extending up to about 36,000 rad m**(-2). RM estimates indicate an
overall density of the magneto-ionic medium larger than classical radio
sources.Comment: Accepted for publication by Astronomy & Astrophysic
High resolution structural characterisation of laser-induced defect clusters inside diamond
Laser writing with ultrashort pulses provides a potential route for the
manufacture of three-dimensional wires, waveguides and defects within diamond.
We present a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study of the intrinsic
structure of the laser modifications and reveal a complex distribution of
defects. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) indicates that the majority
of the irradiated region remains as bonded diamond.
Electrically-conductive paths are attributed to the formation of multiple
nano-scale, -bonded graphitic wires and a network of strain-relieving
micro-cracks
Latent effects of fibronectin, α5β1 integrin, αVβ5 integrin and the cytoskeleton regulate pancreatic carcinoma cell IL-8 secretion
Radio Synchrotron Emission from Secondary Leptons in the Vicinity of Sgr A*
A point-like source of ~TeV gamma-rays has recently been seen towards the
Galactic center by HESS and other air Cerenkov telescopes. In recent work
(Ballantyne et al. 2007), we demonstrated that these gamma-rays can be
attributed to high-energy protons that (i) are accelerated close to the event
horizon of the central black hole, Sgr A*, (ii) diffuse out to ~pc scales, and
(iii) finally interact to produce gamma-rays. The same hadronic collision
processes will necessarily lead to the creation of electrons and positrons.
Here we calculate the synchrotron emissivity of these secondary leptons in the
same magnetic field configuration through which the initiating protons have
been propagated in our model. We compare this emission with the observed ~GHz
radio spectrum of the inner few pc region which we have assembled from archival
data and new measurements we have made with the Australia Telescope Compact
Array. We find that our model predicts secondary synchrotron emission with a
steep slope consistent with the observations but with an overall normalization
that is too large by a factor of ~ 2. If we further constrain our theoretical
gamma-ray curve to obey the implicit EGRET upper limit on emission from this
region we predict radio emission that is consistent with observations, i.e.,
the hadronic model of gamma ray emission can, simultaneously and without
fine-tuning, also explain essentially all the diffuse radio emission detected
from the inner few pc of the Galaxy.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures. Two references missing from published version
added and acknowledgements extende
Observing Strategies for the Detection of Jupiter Analogs
To understand the frequency, and thus the formation and evolution, of planetary systems like our own solar system, it is critical to detect Jupiter-like planets in Jupiter-like orbits. For long-term radial-velocity monitoring, it is useful to estimate the observational effort required to reliably detect such objects, particularly in light of severe competition for limited telescope time. We perform detailed simulations of observational campaigns, maximizing the realism of the sampling of a set of simulated observations. We then compute the detection limits for each campaign to quantify the effect of increasing the number of observational epochs and varying their time coverage. We show that once there is sufficient time baseline to detect a given orbital period, it becomes less effective to add further time coverage-rather, the detectability of a planet scales roughly as the square root of the number of observations, independently of the number of orbital cycles included in the data string. We also show that no noise floor is reached, with a continuing improvement in detectability at the maximum number of observations N = 500 tested here.Peer reviewe
Challenging Social Cognition Models of Adherence:Cycles of Discourse, Historical Bodies, and Interactional Order
Attempts to model individual beliefs as a means of predicting how people follow clinical advice have dominated adherence research, but with limited success. In this article, we challenge assumptions underlying this individualistic philosophy and propose an alternative formulation of context and its relationship with individual actions related to illness. Borrowing from Scollon and Scollon’s three elements of social action – “historical body,” “interaction order,” and “discourses in place” – we construct an alternative set of research methods and demonstrate their application with an example of a person talking about asthma management. We argue that talk- or illness-related behavior, both viewed as forms of social action, manifest themselves as an intersection of cycles of discourse, shifting as individuals move through these cycles across time and space. We finish by discussing how these dynamics of social action can be studied and how clinicians might use this understanding when negotiating treatment with patients
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