El aprendizaje de distintos dominios notacionales según niños de preescolar y primer grado

Se investiga si las concepciones de los niños acerca del aprendizaje adoptan matices diferentes según tres dominios notacionales: dibujo, escritura y notación numérica. Se entrevistó individualmente a 120 alumnos de preescolar (60) y primer grado (60) de escuelas públicas en Argentina. Se aplicó la lexicometría a las transcripciones de sus respuestas completas a tres preguntas referidas a la actividad, dificultades y metas en relación al propio aprendizaje del dibujo, escritura o notación numérica. Los resultados revelan diferencias significativas en cómo los niños refieren el contenido de aprendizaje y a sí mismos como aprendices según el dominio, indicando una teoría interpretativa del aprendizaje en relación al dibujo y la notación numérica, y una teoría directa en relación a la escritura.-1. Introducción. -2. Objetivos. -3. Método. -4. Análisis y resultados. -5. Conclusión. Lista de referencias

Prevalencia de insuficiencia renal «oculta» en población diabética tipo 2

ObjetivoDeterminar la prevalencia de insuficiencia renal en diabéticos tipo 2 y comparar dos criterios de definición: el basado en la estimación del filtrado glomerular por la fórmula de Cockcroft-Gault corregida para la superficie corporal y el basado en la creatinina sérica.DiseñoEstudio descriptivo y transversal.EmplazamientoZona básica del Centro de Salud de El Cristo, Oviedo.ParticipantesLa totalidad de pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 diagnosticados de la zona básica.Mediciones principalesSe recogieron datos demográficos, clínicos, factores de riesgo y enfermedad cardiovascular. Se diagnosticó insuficiencia renal (IR) según unas cifras de creatinina plasmática ≥ 1,3 mg/dl en mujeres y ≥ 1,4 mg/dl en varones y según el filtrado glomerular (FG) estimado mediante la fórmula de Cockcroft-Gault: moderada para FG, 60-30 ml/min/1,73 m2; grave para FG, 29-15 ml/min/1,73 m2, y terminal para FG, < 15 ml/min/1,73 m2.ResultadosSe incluyó a 499 pacientes. El 52,3% era mujer con una edad de 69,7 ± 0,4 años. La prevalencia de IR según la creatinina sérica fue del 12%, y según la fórmula de Cockcroft-Gault del 40,5%. Los pacientes con FG reducido y creatinina normal tenían mayor edad (75,5 ± 7,9 frente a 65,4 ± 9,8 años; p < 0,001), predominaban las mujeres (76,3 frente a 41,7%; p < 0,001), tenían un menor índice de masa corporal (27,3 ± 3,7 frente a 30,9 ± 4,4), presentaban un peor control glucémico (HbA1c 7,1 ± 1,8 frente a 6,9 ± 1,9%; p = 0,007) y la prevalencia de insuficiencia cardíaca era superior (6,4 frente a 2,1%; IC del 95%, 1,1-8,8; p = 0,02) en comparación con los pacientes con FG y creatinina normales.ConclusiónLa estimación del FG por la fórmula de Cockcroft-Gault corregida para la superficie corporal muestra una insuficiencia renal no conocida en uno de cada 3 pacientes diabéticos tipo 2.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of renal failure (RF) in type-2 diabetics and to compare two criteria of definition: that based on the calculation of glomerular filtration by the Cockcroft-Gault formula corrected for body surface area and that based on serous creatinine.DesignCross-sectional, descriptive study.SettingEl Cristo Health Centre,Oviedo, north of Spain.ParticipantsAll patients in the catchment area diagnosed with type-2 diabetes.MethodDemographic, clinical, risk factor, and cardiovascular pathology details were gathered. Renal failure was diagnosed on figures of plasma creatinine ≥1.3 mg/dL in women and ≥1.4 mg/dL in men, and glomerular filtration (GF) calculated by means of the Cockcroft-Gault formula: moderate GF, 60-30 mL/min/1.73 m2; severe GF, 29-15 mL/min/1.73 m2, and terminal GF: <15 mL/min/1.73 m2.Results499 patients were included. 52.3% were women, aged 69.7±10.4 years old. Prevalence of RF by serous creatinine was 12%; and by the Cockcroft-Gault formula, 40.5%. Patients with lower glomerular filtration and normal creatinine were older (75.5±7.9 vs 65.4±9.8; P<.001), mainly female (76.3% vs 41.7%; P<.001), had lower BMI (27.3±3.7 vs 30.9±4.4) and had worse glucaemia control (HbA1c 7.1±1.8% vs 6.9±1.9%; P=.007) and higher indices of cardiac failure (6.4% vs 2.1%; 95% CI, 1.1- 8.8; P=.02) than patients with normal glomerular filtration and creatinine.ConclusionCalculation of glomerular filtration by the Cockcroft-Gault formula corrected for body surface area revealed unknown renal failure in 1 in 3 type-2 diabetes patients

COMPORTAMIENTO POBLACIONAL DE LAS MOSCAS FRUTERAS ASOCIADAS A LOS FRUTALES EN CIEGO DE ÁVILA, CUBA / POPULATION BEHAVIOR OF FRUIT FLIES ASSOCIATED WITH FRUIT TREES OF CIEGO DE ÁVILA, CUBA

Con el desarrollo frutícola que viene alcanzando el municipio de Ciego de Ávila de la provincia del mismo nombre, es necesario estudiar la fauna de tefritidos presente en este territorio, como base para su manejo eficiente, lo que propició determinar las especies y el comportamiento poblacional de las moscas fruteras asociadas a los frutales en esta zona. Para este estudio se tuvieron en cuenta los resultados alcanzados en la captura de adultos, a partir de la observación de la red de trampas instaladas para este fin y los muestreos de frutos de plantas hospedantes, aprovechando la organización de la Vigilancia Fitosanitaria por Cuadrantes Cartográficos aplicada por el Centro Nacional de Sanidad Vegetal. Como resultado se obtuvo que las especies Anastrepha suspensa Loew y Anastrepha obliqua Macquart, son las que predominan en esta área. A. suspensa es la especie preponderante en las capturas de adultos en trampas y larvas en muestreo de fruto, siendo la guayaba el hospedante preferido de ambas especies de moscas frutera

CHK1 expression in gastric cancer is modulated by p53 and RB1/E2F1: implications in chemo/radiotherapy response

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.-- et al.Radiation has a limited but relevant role in the adjuvant therapy of gastric cancer (GC) patients. Since Chk1 plays a critical function in cellular response to genotoxic agents, we aimed to analyze the role of Chk1 in GC as a biomarker for radiotherapy resistance. We analyzed Chk1 expression in AGS and MKN45 human GC cell lines by RT-QPCR and WB and in a small cohort of human patient's samples. We demonstrated that Chk1 overexpression specifically increases resistance to radiation in GC cells. Accordingly, abrogation of Chk1 activity with UCN-01 and its expression with shChk1 increased sensitivity to bleomycin and radiation. Furthermore, when we assessed Chk1 expression in human samples, we found a correlation between nuclear Chk1 accumulation and a decrease in progression free survival. Moreover, using a luciferase assay we found that Chk1's expression is controlled by p53 and RB/E2F1 at the transcriptional level. Additionally, we present preliminary data suggesting a posttranscriptional regulation mechanism, involving miR-195 and miR-503, which are inversely correlated with expression of Chk1 in radioresistant cells. In conclusion, Chk1/microRNA axis is involved in resistance to radiation in GC, and suggests Chk1 as a potential tool for optimal stratification of patients susceptible to receive adjuvant radiotherapy after surgery.This work was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III–Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (PS09/1988 to ISP; PI11-00949, pI014-1495 and Feder Funds to RP); Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CCG10-UAM/BIO-5871 to ISP); Fundación Leticia Castillejo Castillo and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (SAF2012-30862 to RSP), Spain. JBI was supported by a fellowship from Catedra Isaac Costero, funded by Banco Santander UAM and is a doctoral student from a double doctorate program in Molecular Biosciences (UAM) and in Biomedical Sciences, (UNAM) and received fellowship CVU:607546 from CONACYT.Peer Reviewe

MiR-219a-5p Enriched Extracellular Vesicles Induce OPC Differentiation and EAE Improvement More Efficiently Than Liposomes and Polymeric Nanoparticles

Remyelination is a key aspect in multiple sclerosis pathology and a special effort is being made to promote it. However, there is still no available treatment to regenerate myelin and several strategies are being scrutinized. Myelination is naturally performed by oligodendrocytes and microRNAs have been postulated as a promising tool to induce oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and therefore remyelination. Herein, DSPC liposomes and PLGA nanoparticles were studied for miR-219a-5p encapsulation, release and remyelination promotion. In parallel, they were compared with biologically engineered extracellular vesicles overexpressing miR-219a-5p. Interestingly, extracellular vesicles showed the highest oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation levels and were more effective than liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles crossing the blood–brain barrier. Finally, extracellular vesicles were able to improve EAE animal model clinical evolution. Our results indicate that the use of extracellular vesicles as miR-219a-5p delivery system can be a feasible and promising strategy to induce remyelination in multiple sclerosis patients.This work was supported by Carlos III Institute, (PI17/00189 and DTS15/00069), by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional—FEDER, by the Gipuzkoa Regional Council (DFG 15/006), by grant from the Basque Government (RIS3/DTS/2018222025), by the Department of Industry of the Basque Country (ELKARTEK 16/014), and the Spanish State Research Agency (SAF2017-87670-R) and Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Program Grant MDM-2017-0720). I.O.-Q., A.A. and L.I. were supported by the Department of Education of the Basque Government. IOQ and LAN were supported by EMBO short Term Fellowship Programme. LAN was supported by a Canadian graduate scholarship from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CGS-D CIHR).PRC was supported by Ikerbasque, the Basque Foundation for Science

Augmented reality for innovation: Education and analysis of the glacial retreat of the Peruvian Andean snow-capped mountains

Mountain glaciers are considered great reservoirs of water, and their importance lies in the fact that many of our ecosystems and numerous communities depend on them; Peru has one of the largest extensions of Andean snow-capped mountains, which have been affected by the decline in their glacier coverage and that is warned, will disappear due to environmental conditions and alterations in the current global temperature. This problem has increased due to ignorance, misinformation, indifference, and lack of solidarity on the part of the population who favors this discouraging situation. Taking advantage of the current technological immersion, in which we live, the development of a mobile application was proposed as a pedagogical resource to raise awareness among educational institutions about the glacial retreat of the Peruvian Andean snow-capped mountains, showing the current situation of some of the snow-capped mountains of the Andes that have suffered a greater impact, implementing augmented reality technology to obtain an interactive link. To provide greater detail of the situation, previous studies were carried out on glacial retreats in two Peruvian snow-capped mountains over the last 40 years, where it was found that, of the snow-capped mountains considered, Chicon had a decrease of 32.5% of its glacier cover, and Pumahuanca had a decrease of 56.9%. Such results are exposed within the application to provide realistic data on the glacial conditions of both Peruvian snow-capped mountains, as well as the consequences and conservation techniques to mitigate and cope with deglaciation. Taking into consideration that environmental education from an early age turns out to be key to forming an informed and participatory society about climate change

"The Public Health Contribution of Sentiment Analysis of Monkeypox Tweets to Detect Polarities Using the CNN-LSTM Model"

"Monkeypox is a rare disease caused by the monkeypox virus. This disease was considered eradicated in 1980 and was believed to affect rodents and not humans. However, recent years have seen a massive outbreak of monkeypox in humans, setting off worldwide alerts from health agencies. As of September 2022, the number of confirmed cases in Peru had reached 1964. Although most monkeypox patients have been discharged, we cannot neglect the monitoring of the population with respect to the monkeypox virus. Lately, the population has started to express their feelings and opinions through social media, specifically Twitter, as it is the most used social medium and is an ideal space to gather what people think about the monkeypox virus. The information imparted through this medium can be in different formats, such as text, videos, images, audio, etc. The objective of this work is to analyze the positive, negative, and neutral feelings of people who publish their opinions on Twitter with the hashtag #Monkeypox. To find out what people think about this disease, a hybrid-based model architecture built on CNN and LSTM was used to determine the prediction accuracy. The prediction result obtained from the total monkeypox data was 83% accurate. Other performance metrics were also used to evaluate the model, such as specificity, recall level, and F1 score, representing 99%, 85%, and 88%, respectively. The results also showed the polarity of feelings through the CNN-LSTM confusion matrix, where 45.42% of people expressed neither positive nor negative opinions, while 19.45% expressed negative and fearful feelings about this infectious disease. The results of this work contribute to raising public awareness about the monkeypox virus.

Turbocharged molecular discovery of OLED emitters: from high-throughput quantum simulation to highly efficient TADF devices

Discovering new OLED emitters requires many experiments to synthesize candidates and test performance in devices. Large scale computer simulation can greatly speed this search process but the problem remains challenging enough that brute force application of massive computing power is not enough to successfully identify novel structures. We report a successful High Throughput Virtual Screening study that leveraged a range of methods to optimize the search process. The generation of candidate structures was constrained to contain combinatorial explosion. Simulations were tuned to the specific problem and calibrated with experimental results. Experimentalists and theorists actively collaborated such that experimental feedback was regularly utilized to update and shape the computational search. Supervised machine learning methods prioritized candidate structures prior to quantum chemistry simulation to prevent wasting compute on likely poor performers. With this combination of techniques, each multiplying the strength of the search, this effort managed to navigate an area of molecular space and identify hundreds of promising OLED candidate structures. An experimentally validated selection of this set shows emitters with external quantum efficiencies as high as 22%

EFECTO DE PROTECT - IT® PARA EL CONTROL DEL GORGOJO, SITOPHILUS ZEA MAIS EN MAÍZ ALMACENADO / EFFECT OF PROTECT - IT® FOR THE CONTROL OF WEEVIL, SITOPHILUS ZEA MAIS IN STORED CORN

El gorgojo del Maíz (Sitophilus zeamais (M) es considerada una de las plagas más importantes que afectan el maíz almacenado, por esto, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar el efecto que ejerce la tierra de diatomea (Protect - It®) sobre el control de esta plaga. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron: Tierra de diatomea a dosis de 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, y 3.0, g kg-1 de semilla, Actellic 50 CE a 0.5 mL por kg-1 de semilla y un testigo. Se usó un diseño completamente al azar con siete tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones y la variable de respuesta, porcentaje de mortalidad y germinación de semilla. La mortalidad de los insectos se determinó en cada unidad experimental con una frecuencia de 7, 14, 21, 30 días después de la aplicación con tierra de diatomea (Protect - It®). Los resultados indican que el porcentaje de mortalidad promedio en las evaluaciones registradas a los 30 días fue de 85, 98.7, 100 %; para las dosis de de 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, y 3.0, g kg-1 de tierra de diatomea a los 7, 14, 21 y 30 días respectivamente. La tierra de diatomea no afectó la germinación de maíz cuando fueron tratadas con una dosis de 0.5 g kg-1 de semillas

CHK1 expression in gastric cancer is modulated by p53 and RB1/E2F1: Implications in chemo/radiotherapy response

Radiation has a limited but relevant role in the adjuvant therapy of gastric cancer (GC) patients. Since Chk1 plays a critical function in cellular response to genotoxic agents, we aimed to analyze the role of Chk1 in GC as a biomarker for radiotherapy resistance. We analyzed Chk1 expression in AGS and MKN45 human GC cell lines by RT-QPCR and WB and in a small cohort of human patient’s samples. We demonstrated that Chk1 overexpression specifically increases resistance to radiation in GC cells. Accordingly, abrogation of Chk1 activity with UCN-01 and its expression with shChk1 increased sensitivity to bleomycin and radiation. Furthermore, when we assessed Chk1 expression in human samples, we found a correlation between nuclear Chk1 accumulation and a decrease in progression free survival. Moreover, using a luciferase assay we found that Chk1’s expression is controlled by p53 and RB/E2F1 at the transcriptional level. Additionally, we present preliminary data suggesting a posttranscriptional regulation mechanism, involving miR-195 and miR-503, which are inversely correlated with expression of Chk1 in radioresistant cells. In conclusion, Chk1/microRNA axis is involved in resistance to radiation in GC, and suggests Chk1 as a potential tool for optimal stratification of patients susceptible to receive adjuvant radiotherapy after surgeryThis work was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III–Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (PS09/1988 to ISP; PI11-00949, pI014-1495 and Feder Funds to RP); Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CCG10-UAM/BIO-5871 to ISP); Fundación Leticia Castillejo Castillo and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (SAF2012-30862 to RSP), Spain