Addressing the needs of traumatic brain injury with clinical proteomics.

BackgroundNeurotrauma or injuries to the central nervous system (CNS) are a serious public health problem worldwide. Approximately 75% of all traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are concussions or other mild TBI (mTBI) forms. Evaluation of concussion injury today is limited to an assessment of behavioral symptoms, often with delay and subject to motivation. Hence, there is an urgent need for an accurate chemical measure in biofluids to serve as a diagnostic tool for invisible brain wounds, to monitor severe patient trajectories, and to predict survival chances. Although a number of neurotrauma marker candidates have been reported, the broad spectrum of TBI limits the significance of small cohort studies. Specificity and sensitivity issues compound the development of a conclusive diagnostic assay, especially for concussion patients. Thus, the neurotrauma field currently has no diagnostic biofluid test in clinical use.ContentWe discuss the challenges of discovering new and validating identified neurotrauma marker candidates using proteomics-based strategies, including targeting, selection strategies and the application of mass spectrometry (MS) technologies and their potential impact to the neurotrauma field.SummaryMany studies use TBI marker candidates based on literature reports, yet progress in genomics and proteomics have started to provide neurotrauma protein profiles. Choosing meaningful marker candidates from such 'long lists' is still pending, as only few can be taken through the process of preclinical verification and large scale translational validation. Quantitative mass spectrometry targeting specific molecules rather than random sampling of the whole proteome, e.g., multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), offers an efficient and effective means to multiplex the measurement of several candidates in patient samples, thereby omitting the need for antibodies prior to clinical assay design. Sample preparation challenges specific to TBI are addressed. A tailored selection strategy combined with a multiplex screening approach is helping to arrive at diagnostically suitable candidates for clinical assay development. A surrogate marker test will be instrumental for critical decisions of TBI patient care and protection of concussion victims from repeated exposures that could result in lasting neurological deficits

Influence of Playgroup on the Development of Children Aged 4-6 Years of Working Mothers (a Retrospective Cohort Study at a Private Kindergarten, Kupang)

Early childhood is a period very sensitive to the environment. This period is referred as the golden age of children's development, the window of opportunity, and the critical time. Appropriate stimulus and good nutrition during this time is important for the child's growth and development in the future. One alternative to develop child's potential is the early childhood education, among which is the playgroup. This study was an observational analytic study with a retrospective cohort design. The study was conducted from April to June 2013. The data were collected using prescreening developmental questionnaires and observation. Sample consisted of 23 kindergarten children from playgroup whose mothers worked and control groups consisted of 23 kindergarten children not from playgroup whose mothers worked. The results of this study were presented descriptively. All kindergarten children not from playgroup had normal development, while from those not from the playgroup, 10 (43.5%) had abnormal development. However, this difference only applied to the sample and could not be generalized because the result of inferential statistical showed that playgroup had no effect on the development of children with p = 0.998. In conclusion, Playgroup does not affect child's development. However, children attending playgroup has potential to undergo normal development than those not attending playgroup. To analyze the influence of playgroup, it is suggested to undertake further study on the influence of play group on the development of pre-kindergarten

Zu Risiken und Nebenwirkungen des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes

Im Jahr 2000 wurde das Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG) zur Förderung erneuerbarer Energien durch die rot-grüne Bundesregierung beschlossen. 2050 soll der Anteil der Stromerzeugung aus Erneuerbaren Energien am Bruttostromverbrauch 80% betragen. Die Energiewende scheint zu gelingen – doch zu welchem Preis? Den von Befürwortern genannten Vorteilen stehen erhebliche Probleme und Kosten gegenüber. Das Ziel des Beitrages ist es, diese näher zu beleuchten aber auch auf alternative Förderinstrumente hinzuweisen, mit denen die Energiewende unter Umständen kostengünstiger bewältigt werden kann

Weak interactions of supersymmetric staus at high energies

Neutrino telescopes may have the potential to detect the quasi-stable staus predicted by supersymmetric models. Detection depends on stau electromagnetic energy loss and weak interactions. We present results for the weak interaction contribution to the energy loss of high energy staus as they pass through rock. We show that the neutral current weak interaction contribution to the energy loss increases with energy, but it is much smaller than the photonuclear energy loss, however, the charged current contribution may become the dominant process above the energy of $\sim 10^9$ GeV, depending on the parameters of the model. As a consequence, the stau range may be reduced above $\sim 10^9$ GeV as compared to the range neglecting weak interactions. We contrast this with the tau range which is barely changed with the inclusion of charged current interactions.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, version to be publishe

Penerapan Environmental Cost Accounting pada Pg. Modjopanggoong di Kabupaten Tulungagung

Peningkatan produksi gula berarti meningkat juga limbah hasil dari produksi gula. Limbah yang dihasilkan dari proses produksi gula tersebut berupa limbah padat, cair maupun gas. Ada beberapa pabrik gula kurang dapat mengelola limbah meraka dengan baik dan berdampak pada pencemaran lingkungan. Kasus yang terjadi yaitu kebocoran tetes PG. Ngadirejo dan kelalaian PG. Gempol kerep dalam pengelolaan limbahnya, hingga berdampak pada kematian masal ikan. Pengelolaan akan limbah hasil dari produksi gula ini harus benar-benar diperhatikan, karena dampak dari pencemaran limbah ini sendiri akan sangat merugikan bagi pihak eksternal maupun bagi internal pabrik itu sendiri. Dengan penerapan Environmental Cost Accounting Perusahaan dapat mengukur dampak lingkungan secara fisik maupun secara finansial. Penerapan ECA dapat dilakukan dengan model biaya kualitas lingkungan. Dengan mengkategorikan aktifitas terkait dengan pengelolaan lingkungan ke dalam empat kategori biaya kualitas lingkungan yaitu biaya pencegahan (prevention cost), biaya deteksi (detection cost), biaya kegagalan internal (internal failure cost), biaya kegagalan eksternal (external failure cost). Setelah itu membuat laporan biaya lingkungan dan laporan keuangan lingkungan. Dari situ didapatkan informasi-informasi yang dapat digunakan manajemen untuk pengembilan keputusan terkait dengan biaya lingkungan dan pengelolan limbah. PG. Modjopanggoong dalam pengelolaan limbahnya sudah cukup baik, namun PG belum menerapkan Environmental Cost Accounting

Risiko Rantai Pasok Agroindustri Salak Menggunakan Fuzzy Fmea

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan mengevalusi risiko rantai pasok salak di UKM Ambudi Makmur Bangkalan menggunakan logika fuzzy. Pada penelitian ini identifikasi risiko rantai pasok dilakukan pada tiap pelaku rantai pasok menggunakan metode survei. Selanjutnya, hasil identifikasi risiko rantai pasok pada UKM Ambudi Makmur dievaluasi menggunakan logika fuzzy FMEA. Fuzzy FMEA merupakan metodologi yang memakai logika fuzzy dalam mengidentifikasi permasalahan atau penyebab kegagalan yang terjadi melalui pertimbangan kriteria severity (S), occurence (O), dan detection (D). Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa pada tingkat petani terdapat delapan faktor risiko, pada tingkat USAha agroindustri, yaitu UKM Ambudi Makmur terdapat 11 faktor risiko, pada tingkat distributor terdapat empat faktor risiko, pada tingkat retailer terdapat tiga faktor risiko. Faktor risiko paling banyak terdapat pada USAha agroindustri dan paling dominan terdapat pada unsur make. Berdasarkan perhitungan Fuzzy Risk Priority Number (FRPN), risiko yang mendapat ranking pertama adalah risiko pasokan komoditas salak mengalami keterlambatan. Dengan demikian, risiko ini merupakan prioritas pertama yang harus diatasi UKM Ambudi Makmur

Analisis Konflik Sumberdaya Hutan di Kawasan Konservasi

This study focused on the history of natural resource conflict, the actors who involved in conflicts in Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park and the forms of conflict resolutions that has been done. The approach in this study is a qualitative approach with a case study methode. The data obtained with depth interview techniques, observation, and documentation. This study was conducted in Kampung Sinar Resmi, that belongs to the Kasepuhan Sinar Resmi community. This location is a place where community's cultivating land overlap with the claim of Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park, thus causing a lack of clear boundaries and result in forest resource conflicts. Forest resource conflicts are caused by four different conflicts sources, namely differences in perceptions, different values, different interests, and differences in recognition of ownership rights. The forms of conflict resolution that has been done is negotiation, but doesn't reach the agreement

Pengaruh Jenis Tanaman Penolak Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine Max (L.) Merr) yang Diusahakan secara Organik

The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of repellent plant on growth and productivity of organic vegetable soybean. This research was conducted at Leuwikopo Research Station, from September 2004 to February 2005. Randomized Complete Block Design with one factor (type of repellent plant) and four replications was used. The type of repellent plant were Marigold (Tagetes erecta), Ocimum gratissimum, andropogon (Cymbopogon nardus), and leeks (Allium fistulosum).This research showed organic soybean with repellent plant had higher productivity than conventional soybean. Organic soybean with repellent plants had higher number of branches in 5 Weeks After Plant (WAP), the pod weight/plot, and 100 seeds dry weight. Growth and production of soybean were better under organic farming system than that under conventional farming. Soybean with repellent plant had lower total disease intensity than conventional treatment. Soybean with Tagetes erecta as repellent plant had lower total disease intensity than other repellent treatment

Dietary Exposure Assessment for Aflatoxin B From Processed Peanut Products in Municipality of Bogor 1

A research on dietary exposure assessment for aflatoxin B (AFB1) fromprocessed peanutproducts in Municipality of Bogor was carried out. The objectives of this study were todetermine the contents of AFB1 in processed peanut products at retail levels, and to obtaininformation whether there is a risk to public health caused by the consumption of processedpeanut products contaminated by AFB1. Survey of processed peanut product consumptionwas carried out by interviewing each respondent using a questionnaire of weekly processedpeanut product consumption. Sampling of processed peanut products was conducted at thelocations where the respondents obtained processed peanut products. The number of roastedpeanuts with skin pods, flour-coated peanuts and or sauces samples was 33,respectively, while the number of and sauces samples was 18 and 12, respectively.The total number of processed peanut product sampleswas 129.AFB1contentwas determinedusingThin LayerChromatographymethod.Estimation of the dietary exposure assessmentwasdetermined using the actual survey data consisting of AFB1 content, consumption data andbody weight. The highest contaminated sample percentage and mean of AFB1 content wasfound in roasted peanuts with skin pods i.e. 42% of 33 samples and 43.2 μg/kg, respectively,followed by flour-coated peanuts (30% of 33 samples and 34.3 μg/kg), and or(21%of 33 samples and 17.1 μg/kg).Mean of estimated dietary exposure for AFB1 found inchildren was 15.2 ng kg bw day and 95 percentile exposure was 38.9 ng kg bw day , while inadults 9.0 ng kg bw day and 95 percentile exposure was 27.0 ng kg bw day . The excesscancer risk of AFB1 exposure in Bogor fromthis study on children and adults was calculated as193 and 115 cancers/year, respectively-1 -1 th -1 -1-1 -1 th -1 -1pecel gado-gadosiomay sataipecel gado-gado1

Interaktivitas Media Sosial Facebook Axe dan Dove dalam Perspektif Gender

The objective of this research was to review an interactivity on Facebook accounts of brand Axe and Dove. The interactivity itself has been analyzed using content analysis method. The finding of the research were (1) Facebook account consists of advertising campaign; (2) The messages involve of verbal and non-verbal messages; (3) The audiences respond showed positive, negative, and neutral responses; (4) The number of audiences respond were dominated by male on Axe account and female for Dove account. The tendency of female responses were communicative and active. Meanwhile, the male responses were passive, weak, and communicative