Анализ рисков для здоровья населения питьевой воды, обеззараженной диоксидом хлора (обзор литературы и собственных исследований)

Проаналізовано данні літератури і особистих досліджень щодо безпечності питної води, знезараженої диоксидом хлору. Показана відсутність самостійних досліджень щодо вивчення впливу диоксиду хлору і хлориту на біохімічні константи сироватки крові і активність ферментів. Вказано, що ці показники є у більшій мірі інформативними, ніж традиційні (число еритроцитів, рівень гемоглобіну) як тест-реакції на можливу окислювальну деструкцію під впливом диоксиду хлору і хлорит-аніону.The given literatures and own researches about safety of the potable water disinfected of chlorine dioxide are analyzed. Absence of independent researches of chlorine dioxide and chlorite influence on biochemical constants of blood whey and levels of enzymes activity ascertained. It is specified, that these parameters are in the greater degree informative, rather than traditional (erythrocyte number, level of hemoglobin) as tests - reactions on possible oxidizing destruction under influence of chlorine dioxide and chlorite anion

Catalytic upgrading of refinery cracked products by trans-hydrogenation: a review

The production of high premium fuel is an issue of priority to every refinery. The trans-hydrogenation process is devised to convert two low valued refinery cracked products to premium products; the conversion processes involve the combination of dehydrogenation and hydrogenation reaction as a single step process. The paper reviews the recent literature on the use of catalysts to convert low value refinery products (i.e. alkanes and alkynes or alkadienes) to alkenes (olefins) by trans-hydrogenation. Catalysts based on VOx, CrOx and Pt all supported on alumina have been used for the process. However, further studies are still required to ascertain the actual reaction mechanism, mitigating carbon deposition and catalyst deactivation, and the role of different catalysts to optimize the reaction desired products

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Revisión y Control del Plan de Vigilancia Ambiental de las obras de dragado del Puerto de Maó

Se integra información hidrográfica, geomorfológica, sedimentológica y biológica, para la caracterización de los ecosistemas marinos en el punto de vertido y área adyacente previa al inicio de las obras de dragado del Puerto de Maó.RESUMEN: En este documento se presentan los trabajos científicos realizados por el Instituto Español de Oceanografía, dentro del Plan de Vigilancia Ambiental del dragado del Puerto de Maó (Menorca, Islas Baleares), para la caracterización de los ecosistema marino en el punto de vertido y área adyacente, previa al inicio de las obras. Se incluyen los resultados y las conclusiones de los estudios realizados por diversos grupos de investigación, principalmente en Enero-Marzo 2014, en relación al fondo marino, la hidrodinámica, las praderas de Posidonia oceanica y el molusco bivalvo Pinna nobilis, el macro-bentos de los fondos circalitorales blandos y los contaminantes en agua, sedimentos y biota, así como en especies de interés comercial para el consumo humano. Este informe se contempla en el contrato entre la Autoridad Portuaria de Baleares y el Instituto Español de Oceanografía, suscrito el 5 Febrero 2014, para los trabajos de asistencia técnica para la revisión y control del Plan de Vigilancia Ambiental del dragado del Puerto de Maó.RESUM: En aquest document es presenten els treballs científics realitzats per l’Instituto Español de Oceanografía, dins del Pla de Vigilància Ambiental del dragat del Port de Maó (Menorca, Illes Balears), per a la caracterització dels ecosistemes marins en el punt de vessament i àrea adjacent, prèvia a l’inici de les obres. S’inclouen els resultats i les conclusions del estudis realitzats per diversos grups de recerca, principalment durant Gener-Març 2014, en relació al fons marí, la hidrodinàmica, les praderies de Posidonia oceanica i el mol•lusc bivalve Pinna nobilis, el macro-bentos dels fons circalitorals tous i els contaminants en aigua, sediments i biota, així com en espècies d’interès comercial pel consum humà. Aquest informe es contempla en el contracte entre l’Autoritat Portuària de Balears i el Instituto Español de Oceanografía, subscrit el 5 Febrer 2014, pels treballs d’assistència tècnica per a la revisió i control del Pla de Vigilància Ambiental del dragat de Port de Maó.ABSTRACT: This document presents the scientific actions developed by the Instituto Español de Oceanografía within the Environmental Monitoring Plan of the works of dredging the Port of Maó (Minorca, Balearic Islands), for the characterization of the marine ecosystems in the point of discharge of dredged material and adjacent area, before the beginning of the dredging. The results and conclusions of the studies developed by several research groups, mainly in January-March 2014, in relation to the bottom, hydrodynamics, Posidonia oceanica meadows, and the bivalve mollusc Pinna nobilis, the macro-benthos of the circalittoral soft bottoms and the contaminants in water, sediments and biota, as well as in commercial species for human consumption, are included. This report is contemplated within the contract between the Autoridad Portuaria de Baleares and the Instituto Español de Oceanografía, signed on 5 February 2014, for the technical assistance activities to review and control the Environmental Monitoring Plan of the works of dredging the Port of Maó.Autoridad Portuaria de Baleare

The behavior of mixed-metal oxides: Physical and chemical properties of bulk Ce1–xTbxO2 and nanoparticles of Ce1–xTbxOy

11 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables.-- PACS: 61.46.+w; 61.72.Ji; 78.70.Dm; 78.30.Hv; 71.15.Mb; 64.75.+g; 82.65.+rThe physical and chemical properties of bulk Ce1–xTbxO2 and Ce1–xTbxOy nanoparticles (x<0.5) were investigated using synchrotron-based x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray adsorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and first-principles density-functional (DF) calculations. DF results and Raman spectra point to a small tetragonal distortion after introducing terbium in ceria. The results of XRD show a small contraction ( <0.08 Å) in the cell dimensions. The presence of Tb generates strain in the lattice through the variation of the ionic radii and creation of crystal imperfections and O vacancies. The strain increases with the content of Tb and affects the chemical reactivity of the Ce1–xTbxOy nanoparticles towards hydrogen, SO2, and NO2. DF calculations for bulk Ce1–xTbxO2 and Ce8–nTbnO16 (n = 0, 1, 2, or 4) clusters show oxide systems that are not fully ionic. The theoretical results and XANES spectra indicate that neither a CeTb exchange nor the introduction of oxygen vacancies in Ce1–xTbxOy significantly affect the charge on the Ce cations. In contrast, the O K-edge and Tb LIII-edge XANES spectra for Ce1–xTbxOy nanoparticles show substantial changes with respect to the corresponding spectra of Ce and Tb single oxide references. The Ce0.5Tb0.5Oy compounds exhibit a much larger Tb3+/Tb4+ ratio than TbO1.7. A comparison with the properties of Ce1–xZrxOy and Ce1–xCaxOy shows important differences in the charge distribution, the magnitude of the dopant induced strain in the oxide lattice, and a superior behavior in the case of the Ce1–xTbxOy systems. The Tb-containing oxides combine stability at high temperature against phase segregation and a reasonable concentration of O vacancies, making them attractive for chemical and catalytic applications.The research carried out at the Chemistry Department of Brookhaven National Laboratory was financed through Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10086 with the U.S. Department of Energy (Division of Chemical Sciences). The NSLS and APS are supported by the Divisions of Materials and Chemical Sciences of DOE. Work at the ‘‘Instituto de Catálisis (CSIC)’’ was done with financial support from CICYT (Contract No. MAT2000-1467).Peer reviewe

A combined in situ time-resolved UV–Vis, Raman and high-energy resolution X-ray absorption spectroscopy study on the deactivation behavior of Pt and Pt-Sn propane dehydrogenation catalysts under industrial reaction conditions

The catalytic performances of Pt/Al2O3 and Pt–Sn/Al2O3 catalysts for the dehydrogenation of propane through consecutive reaction–regeneration cycles have been studied under realistic reaction conditions. A 10-fold successive dehydrogenation–regeneration cycling study, similar to that employed in an industrial propane dehydrogenation reactor, was performed in order to examine the catalyst activity and stability as well as the propene selectivity. Combined in situ UV–Vis/Raman spectroscopy measurements were taken in order to follow the coke formation processes during propane dehydrogenation. This approach allowed correlating propane conversion and propene formation with the on-line determined Raman D over G band intensity ratio and amount of coke formed. These in situ measurements on coke formation and related catalyst deactivation were supplemented by in situ high-energy resolution fluorescence detected (HERFD) XANES measurements in order to characterize the structural and electronic properties of the supported Pt and PtASn nanoparticles during the successive dehydrogenation–regeneration cycles. This combination of powerful spectroscopic techniques revealed unique information regarding the activity behavior and deactivation mechanism of Pt- and PtASn-based propane dehydrogenation catalysts, enabling us to identify important structure-electronic-performance relationships as well as fundamental insight into the dynamics of PtASn alloy formation processes in Pt nanoparticles at elevated temperatures