Gastrointestinal Disorder Detection with a Transformer Based Approach

Accurate disease categorization using endoscopic images is a significant problem in Gastroenterology. This paper describes a technique for assisting medical diagnosis procedures and identifying gastrointestinal tract disorders based on the categorization of characteristics taken from endoscopic pictures using a vision transformer and transfer learning model. Vision transformer has shown very promising results on difficult image classification tasks. In this paper, we have suggested a vision transformer based approach to detect gastrointestianl diseases from wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) curated images of colon with an accuracy of 95.63\%. We have compared this transformer based approach with pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN) model DenseNet201 and demonstrated that vision transformer surpassed DenseNet201 in various quantitative performance evaluation metrics

SURFACE TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON THETHERMOHYDRODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF JOURNALBEARING IN HEAVY DUTY MACHINERY

 Increasing high demands for concept design requires journal bearing to work under several operating condition. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of surface temperature on the performance of journal bearing for heavy duty machines. Steady state thermohydrodynamic model (THD) for journal bearings has been developed. The generalized Reynold's equation, energy equation in the oil film, and the heat transfer equation in the bush and shaft are solved simultaneously. It was found that the shaft temperature has a great effect on the performance of the bearing.

RESPONSE OF ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS LAM. TO SOME NATURAL EXTRACTS AT THE EARLY GROWTH STAGES 1- VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND ROOT TRAITS

A field experiment was consummated at the nursery of Horticulture Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt, throughout two successive seasons (2012/2013 and 2013/2014). It was intended to improve vegetative growth and root parameters of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. at the early growth stages by studying the effect of treating the plants with different natural extracts botanicals (Moringa oleifera, Lam., Thymus vulgaris, L. and Majorana hortensis, Moench) at the levels of 0, 5 and 10%, besides the combination of moringa + marjoram, moringa + thyme and marjoram + thyme extracts at 2.5%. All of them were applied as a foliar spray commencing from November 20th in both seasons on transplants of 14-15 cm. height with 4-5 leaves till June 20th of the next year at 15 days interval. The plants were grown in sand + peatmoss mixture (1:1, v/v) under the condition of saran house of 65% shading. The results could be briefed as follows: Most plants which received the highest natural extract level (10%) died after about six times of the beginning of spraying. So, the corresponding data of such treatments were excluded. The prevalence of supplying plants with moringa extract at 5% for improving vegetative growth and root parameters of  Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. plant at the terminate of experiment (July 15th)  as it increased leaf area, fresh and dry weights of either leaves or roots/plant. Also, it raised root length, root diameter, number of the secondary roots/ plant, length of the longest secondary root. Meanwhile, using the combination of marjoram + thyme extracts at 2.5% belonged to the first and second degree for improving the above mentioned traits in most cases. In contrast, the least scores were a result of untreated plants (control) and plants which received only thyme extract at 5%. From the aforementioned results, it could be recommended to apply either moringa extract at 5% or the combination of marjoram + thyme extracts at 2.5% on Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. transplants for improving vegetative growth and root parameters of such economic important plant, besides, getting better plants without being forced to use chemical nutrients or synthetic growth regulators that may pollute the environment with getting a safe clean product

Ring chromosome 20

Ring Chromosome 20 syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder characterized by refractory epilepsy, with seizures in wakefulness and sleep, behavioral problems and mild to severe cognitive impairment. Facial dysmorphism or other congenital malformations are rarely reported making it difficult to diagnose the syndrome based on clinical findings alone. Therefore, diagnosis requires cytogenetic testing. More than 100 cases have been published since the initial report in 1972. In some patients, the ring (20) is found in all cells analyzed and in these cases, the ring is almost always accompanied by deletions of 20pter and/or 20qter. However, in the majority of cases the ring is present in only a proportion of cells, with two normal 20's in the remaining cells (mosaicism), and in these cases, no deletions of chromosome 20 have been observed. Patients with supernumerary r(20) chromosomes have also been identified, but these individuals do not generally have seizures and are not discussed in this review. Characterization by fluorescence in situ hybridization and array-based analysis has shed insight into the molecular composition and possible mechanisms of ring formation, in both the mosaic and non-mosaic patients. The age of onset of seizures correlates with the percentage of cells with the ring in mosaic patients. While the underlying etiology of the phenotype is still not understood, evidence is accumulating which suggests the deletion of candidate genes on chromosome 20 is not responsible. Cytogenetic analysis, rather than chromosomal microarray analysis is recommended for diagnosis of this syndrome, as the mosaic cases do not have copy number alterations and are therefore not identified by array-based analysis

Diagnosis of chronic conditions with modifiable lifestyle risk factors in selected urban and rural areas of Bangladesh and sociodemographic variability therein

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bangladesh suffers from a lack of healthcare providers. The growing chronic disease epidemic's demand for healthcare resources will further strain Bangladesh's limited healthcare workforce. Little is known about how Bangladeshis with chronic disease seek care. This study describes chronic disease patients' care seeking behavior by analyzing which providers diagnose these diseases.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>During 2 month periods in 2009, a cross-sectional survey collected descriptive data on chronic disease diagnoses among 3 surveillance populations within the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B) network. The maximum number of respondents (over age 25) who reported having ever been diagnosed with a chronic disease determined the sample size. Using SAS software (version 8.0) multivariate regression analyses were preformed on related sociodemographic factors.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the 32,665 survey respondents, 8,591 self reported having a chronic disease. Chronically ill respondents were 63.4% rural residents. Hypertension was the most prevalent disease in rural (12.4%) and urban (16.1%) areas. In rural areas chronic disease diagnoses were made by MBBS doctors (59.7%) and Informal Allopathic Providers (IAPs) (34.9%). In urban areas chronic disease diagnoses were made by MBBS doctors (88.0%) and IAP (7.9%). Our analysis identified several groups that depended heavily on IAP for coverage, particularly rural, poor and women.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>IAPs play important roles in chronic disease care, particularly in rural areas. Input and cooperation from IAPs are needed to minimize rural health disparities. More research on IAP knowledge and practices regarding chronic disease is needed to properly utilize this potential healthcare resource.</p

Low birth weight in offspring of women with depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy: results from a population based study in Bangladesh

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is a high prevalence of antepartum depression and low birth weight (LBW) in Bangladesh. In high- and low-income countries, prior evidence linking maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms with infant LBW is conflicting. There is no research on the association between maternal mental disorders and LBW in Bangladesh. This study aims to investigate the independent effect of maternal antepartum depressive and anxiety symptoms on infant LBW among women in a rural district of Bangladesh.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A population-based sample of 720 pregnant women from two rural subdistricts was assessed for symptoms of antepartum depression, using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), and antepartum anxiety, using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and followed for 6-8 months postpartum. Infant birth weight of 583 (81%) singleton live babies born at term (≥37 weeks of pregnancy) was measured within 48 hours of delivery. Baseline data provided socioeconomic, anthropometric, reproductive, obstetric, and social support information. Trained female interviewers carried out structured interviews. Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and independent-sample <it>t </it>tests were done as descriptive statistics, and a multiple logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of LBW.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After adjusting for potential confounders, depressive (OR = 2.24; 95% CI 1.37-3.68) and anxiety (OR = 2.08; 95% CI 1.30-3.25) symptoms were significantly associated with LBW (≤2.5 kg). Poverty, maternal malnutrition, and support during pregnancy were also associated with LBW.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study provides evidence that maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy predict the LBW of newborns and replicates results found in other South Asian countries. Policies aimed at the detection and effective management of depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy may reduce the burden on mothers and also act as an important measure in the prevention of LBW among offspring in Bangladesh.</p

Genome-wide interaction study of smoking and bladder cancer risk

Bladder cancer is a complex disease with known environmental and genetic risk factors. We performed a genome-wide interaction study (GWAS) of smoking and bladder cancer risk based on primary scan data from 3002 cases and 4411 controls from the National Cancer Institute Bladder Cancer GWAS. Alternative methods were used to evaluate both additive and multiplicative interactions between individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and smoking exposure. SNPs with interaction P values < 5 x 10(-) (5) were evaluated further in an independent dataset of 2422 bladder cancer cases and 5751 controls. We identified 10 SNPs that showed association in a consistent manner with the initial dataset and in the combined dataset, providing evidence of interaction with tobacco use. Further, two of these novel SNPs showed strong evidence of association with bladder cancer in tobacco use subgroups that approached genome-wide significance. Specifically, rs1711973 (FOXF2) on 6p25.3 was a susceptibility SNP for never smokers [combined odds ratio (OR) = 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20-1.50, P value = 5.18 x 10(-) (7)]; and rs12216499 (RSPH3-TAGAP-EZR) on 6q25.3 was a susceptibility SNP for ever smokers (combined OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.67-0.84, P value = 6.35 x 10(-) (7)). In our analysis of smoking and bladder cancer, the tests for multiplicative interaction seemed to more commonly identify susceptibility loci with associations in never smokers, whereas the additive interaction analysis identified more loci with associations among smokers-including the known smoking and NAT2 acetylation interaction. Our findings provide additional evidence of gene-environment interactions for tobacco and bladder cancer