Index to the Albany Times Union, January through June 1987

The Index to the Albany Times Union is an index to the final edition of the Times Union of Albany, New York. The Index provides access to news and editorial opinion about Albany, the Capital District, and the State of New York. Items of national and international focus are indexed only when there is local, regional, or state impact. Only major crime and traffic accidents are indexed. Daily sports events are not included. Births, engagements, divorces, anniversaries, and announcement of events or attractions are not indexed. There is a separate section for obituaries

Index to the Albany Times Union, July through December 1987

The Index to the Albany Times Union is an index to the final edition of the Times Union of Albany, New York. The Index provides access to news and editorial opinion about Albany, the Capital District, and the State of New York. Items of national and international focus are indexed only when there is local, regional, or state impact. Only major crime and traffic accidents are indexed. Daily sports events are not included. Births, engagements, divorces, anniversaries, and announcement of events or attractions are not indexed. There is a separate section for obituaries

Index to the Albany Times Union, July through December 1986

The Index to the Albany Times Union is an index to the final edition of the Times Union of Albany, New York. The Index provides access to news and editorial opinion about Albany, the Capital District, and the State of New York. Items of national and international focus are indexed only when there is local, regional, or state impact. Only major crime and traffic accidents are indexed. Daily sports events are not included. Births, engagements, divorces, anniversaries, and announcement of events or attractions are not indexed. There is a separate section for obituaries

Reclaiming space for small scale agriculture in Lincoln County, Oregon

As recent interest has grown in the connections between how food is produced, distributed and consumed, and the overall health of food systems for people and the environment, a movement toward localizing food systems has emerged. In Lincoln County, Oregon, citizens, restaurateurs and university extension faculty, among others, have started to examine ways a more locally based food system can be encouraged and strengthened. However, this research assessing the current Lincoln County food system quickly indicated that very little food consumed in Lincoln County was produced there. Where are the farmers of Lincoln County? This research uses qualitative and historic data to analyze Lincoln County's present and past farming and food system. The analysis indicates there are two major types of farmers extant in the area: the "old pioneers" with large acreages and family connections dating back to the homesteading period, and "new pioneers" with smaller acreages who grow food either for subsistence or for specialty markets. This typology arises from adaptive strategies: one to the conditions of an increasingly industrializing food system in rapid transition at mid 20th century, and the other adapting to new niches created as a result of gaps in a large-scale, globalizing food system. Historic records show a much stronger local food system during the first half of the 20th century, complete with processing capacity such as creameries and canneries. To illustrate the change that has occurred, this analysis uses Iowa as a paradigm-setting place of agricultural perfection with which a distinctly un-Iowa place like Lincoln County could not compete. Smallholding farmers either consolidated landholdings or left farming due to economic pressures resulting from the industrialized feedback loop of increasing production and declining value of food commodities which came to characterize the trajectory of American agriculture post World War II. Therefore, planning a localized food system in Lincoln County in the present ought to more properly be considered relocalization. The past conditions of agricultural production and processing in Lincoln County may provide a useful frame of reference for the transition from a cheap energy large-scale food system to one that is thriftier and smaller-scale

Variability of Optical Counterparts in the Chandra Galactic Bulge Survey

We present optical lightcurves of variable stars consistent with the positions of X-ray sources identified with the Chandra X-ray Observatory for the Chandra Galactic Bulge Survey. Using data from the Mosaic-II instrument on the Blanco 4m Telescope at CTIO, we gathered time-resolved photometric data on timescales from $\sim2$ hr to 8 days over the $\frac{3}{4}$ of the X-ray survey containing sources from the initial GBS catalog. Among the lightcurve morphologies we identify are flickering in interacting binaries, eclipsing sources, dwarf nova outbursts, ellipsoidal variations, long period variables, spotted stars, and flare stars. $87\%$ of X-ray sources have at least one potential optical counterpart. $24\%$ of these candidate counterparts are detectably variable; a much greater fraction than expected for randomly selected field stars, which suggests that most of these variables are real counterparts. We discuss individual sources of interest, provide variability information on candidate counterparts, and discuss the characteristics of the variable population.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement

Osmotic pressure modulates single cell cycle dynamics inducing reversible growth arrest and reactivation of human metastatic cells

Biophysical cues such as osmotic pressure modulate proliferation and growth arrest of bacteria, yeast cells and seeds. In tissues, osmotic regulation takes place through blood and lymphatic capillaries and, at a single cell level, water and osmoregulation play a critical role. However, the effect of osmotic pressure on single cell cycle dynamics remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the effect of osmotic pressure on single cell cycle dynamics, nuclear growth, proliferation, migration and protein expression, by quantitative time-lapse imaging of single cells genetically modified with fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator 2 (FUCCI2). Single cell data reveals that under hyperosmotic stress, distinct cell subpopulations emerge with impaired nuclear growth, delayed or growth arrested cell cycle and reduced migration. This state is reversible for mild hyperosmotic stress, where cells return to regular cell cycle dynamics, proliferation and migration. Thus, osmotic pressure can modulate the reversible growth arrest and reactivation of human metastatic cells

Clubroot resistance gene Rcr6 in Brassica nigra resides in a genomic region homologous to chromosome A08 in B. rapa

Background: Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, is a very important disease of Brassica species. Management of clubroot relies heavily on genetic resistance. In a cross of Brassica nigra lines PI 219576 (highly resistant, R) × CR2748 (highly susceptible, S) to clubroot, all F1 plants were resistant to clubroot. There was a 1:1 ratio of R:S in the BC1 and 3R:1S in the F2, which indicated that a single dominant gene controlled clubroot resistance in PI 219576. This gene was designated Rcr6. Mapping of Rcr6 was performed using genome sequencing information from A-genome of B. rapa and B-genome of B. nigra though bulked segregant RNA sequencing (BSR-Seq) and further mapping with Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) analysis. Results: Reads of R and S bulks from BSR-Seq were initially aligned onto B. rapa (A-genome; B. nigra has the B-genome) where Rcr6 was associated with chromosome A08. KASP analysis showed that Rcr6 was flanked by SNP markers homologous to the region of 14.8-15.4 Mb of chromosome A08. There were 190 genes annotated in this region, with five genes (Bra010552, Bra010588, Bra010589, Bra010590 and Bra010663) identified as encoding the toll-interleukin-1 receptor / nucleotide-binding site / leucine-rich-repeat (TIR-NBS-LRR; TNL) class of proteins. The reads from BSR-Seq were then aligned into a draft B-genome of B. nigra, where Rcr6 was mapped on chromosome B3. KASP analysis indicated that Rcr6 was located on chromosome B3 in a 0.5 Mb region from 6.1-6.6 Mb. Only one TNL gene homologous to the B. rapa gene Bra010663 was identified in the target region. This gene is a likely candidate for Rcr6. Subsequent analysis of the Rcr6 equivalent region based on a published B. nigra genome was performed. This gene is located into chromosome B7 of the published B-genome, homologous to BniB015819. Conclusion: Rcr6 was the first gene identified and mapped in the B-genome of Brassica species. It resides in a genomic region homologous to chromosome A08 of A-genome. Based on this finding, it could possibly integrate into A08 of B. napus using marker assisted selection with SNP markers tightly linked to Rcr6 developed in this study

ОЦЕНКА СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ГУМУСА В ПОЧВАХ РЕКУЛЬТИВИРОВАННЫХ ОТВАЛОВ УГОЛЬНЫХ РАЗРЕЗОВ КУЗБАССА

On the basis of the approach suggested by the authors and resting on functional characteristics of pedogenic organic substance the content of humus is determined in soil heaps of coal-mining sections reclaimed following different technologies. It is shown that the distribution of nitrogen-containing organic substances across the profile reflects the specificity of organic substances transformation systems in the soils examined. This index is the most reliable in estimating the content of humus in initial embryoearths where nitrogen consumption by plants is minimum and in humus-accumulative ones where pedogenic organic substance is deposited. The humus content increase is revealed in the evolutionary series of soils, on average, from 2.4% in the initial soils to 3.6 and 4.2% in organ-accumulative and cespitose soils, respectively, the 4.7% increase being marked in humus-accumulative embryoearths. The content of humus in embryoearths is identified to depend much more on reclamation technology applied and soil formation stage, the same content depends much less on organic substances system status inherited from soil formation rocks.На основе предложенного авторами подхода, опирающегося на функциональные особенности педогенного органического вещества, определено содержание гумуса в почвах отвалов каменноугольных разрезов, рекультивированных по различным технологиям. Показано, что специфику трансформации систем органических веществ в исследуемых почвах отражает распределение по профилю азотсодержащих органических веществ. Этот показатель наиболее достоверен при оценке содержания гумуса в инициальных эмбриоземах, где потребление азота растениями минимально, и в гумусово-аккумулятивных, где происходит депонирование педогенного органического вещества. Выявлено увеличение содержания гумуса в эволюционном ряду почв в среднем от 2,4% в инициальных до 3,6 и 4,2% соответственно в органо-аккумулятивных и дерновых и более 4,7% в гумусово-аккумулятивных эмбриоземах. Установлено, что содержание гумуса в эмбриоземах в большей степени зависит от применяемой технологии рекультивации и стадии почвообразования и в меньшей степени – от состояния системы органических веществ, унаследованной от почвообразующих пород

A previously functional tetracycline-regulated transactivator fails to target gene expression to the bone

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The tetracycline-controlled transactivator system is a powerful tool to control gene expression <it>in vitro </it>and to generate consistent and conditional transgenic <it>in vivo </it>model organisms. It has been widely used to study gene function and to explore pathological mechanisms involved in human diseases. The system permits the regulation of the expression of a target gene, both temporally and quantitatively, by the application of tetracycline or its derivative, doxycycline. In addition, it offers the possibility to restrict gene expression in a spatial fashion by utilizing tissue-specific promoters to drive the transactivator.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>In this study, we report our problems using a reverse tetracycline-regulated transactivator (rtTA) in a transgenic mouse model system for the bone-specific expression of the Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome mutation. Even though prior studies have been successful utilizing the same rtTA, expression analysis of the transactivator revealed insufficient activity for regulating the transgene expression in our system. The absence of transactivator could not be ascribed to differences in genetic background because mice in a mixed genetic background and in congenic mouse lines showed similar results.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The purpose of this study is to report our negative experience with previously functional transactivator mice, to raise caution in the use of tet-based transgenic mouse lines and to reinforce the need for controls to ensure the stable functionality of generated tetracycline-controlled transactivators over time.</p

Construction of a doxycycline inducible adipogenic lentiviral expression system

To provide a tool for research on regulating adipocyte differentiation, tetracycline inducible (Tet on) lentiviral expression vectors under the control of an adipose-specific promoter were constructed. The lowest basal expression in the absence of doxycycline and most efficient dose-dependent, doxycycline-induced transient overexpression was observed using vectors constructed with a combination of Tetracycline Responsive Element (TRE) and reverse tetracycline-controlled TransActivator advanced (rtTAadv), transfected in white (3T3-L1) and brown (HIB-1B) preadipocytes cell lines. The results demonstrate that doxycycline adipogenic inducible expression can be achieved using a pLenti TRE / rtTA adv under the control of the truncated aP2 promoter in HIB-1B preadipocytes