N′-[(E)-2-Hy­droxy-3,5-diiodo­benzyl­idene]cyclo­hexa­ne-1-carbohydrazide

In the title compound, C14H10I2N2O2, the two aromatic rings are inclined at a dihedral angle of 16.72 (33)°. The mol­ecular structure is stabilized by an intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond. In the crystal, inter­molecular N—H⋯O inter­actions link the mol­ecules into chains running along the c axis. C—H⋯O inter­actions also occur. The crystal used for the structure determination was a non-merohedral twin with a domain ratio of 0.972 (2):0.028 (2)

Neural Mechanisms of Human Perceptual Learning: Electrophysiological Evidence for a Two-Stage Process

Artículo de publicación ISIBackground: Humans and other animals change the way they perceive the world due to experience. This process has been labeled as perceptual learning, and implies that adult nervous systems can adaptively modify the way in which they process sensory stimulation. However, the mechanisms by which the brain modifies this capacity have not been sufficiently analyzed. Methodology/Principal Findings: We studied the neural mechanisms of human perceptual learning by combining electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings of brain activity and the assessment of psychophysical performance during training in a visual search task. All participants improved their perceptual performance as reflected by an increase in sensitivity (d') and a decrease in reaction time. The EEG signal was acquired throughout the entire experiment revealing amplitude increments, specific and unspecific to the trained stimulus, in event-related potential (ERP) components N2pc and P3 respectively. P3 unspecific modification can be related to context or task-based learning, while N2pc may be reflecting a more specific attentional-related boosting of target detection. Moreover, bell and U-shaped profiles of oscillatory brain activity in gamma (30-60 Hz) and alpha (8-14 Hz) frequency bands may suggest the existence of two phases for learning acquisition, which can be understood as distinctive optimization mechanisms in stimulus processing.This research was supported by CONICYT doctoral grant to C.M.H. and by an ECOS-Sud/CONICYT grant C08S02 and FONDECYT 1090612 grant to D.C. and F.A

Isolation of colour components from Rubia tinctorum L.: Chromatographic determination, spectrophotometric investigation, dyeing properties and antimicrobial activity

In this paper, a sensitive quantification high performance liquid chromatographic method for analysis of alizarin in madder root (Rubia tinctorum L.) obtained from South of Anatolia, Turkey is reported. The alizarin is separated on Zorbax SB C18 column with a water-acetonitrile gradient as eluent and measured with UV detection at 250 nm. With this method the aglycone alizarin can be analyzed. Regression equation that obtained from the calibration curve, revealed a linear relationship (r2 = 0.9981) between the mass of alizarin injected and the peak area. After, the colour components responsible for dyeing were determinated and its chemical constituents were established based on chemical and spectroscopic investigations. Afterwards, the wool fabrics have been dyed with combined mordanting and mordantless techniques. Fastness to light, washing and rubbing of the dyed fabrics were measured and discussed. Additionally, extracts (ethanolic and aqueous) of R. tinctorum L. root and dyed materials were investigated for their antimicrobial activities against eight pathogens (Aeromanas hydrophila. Bacillus megaterium, Corynebacterium xenosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus luteus, Enterococcus faecalis, Stapylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli). The extracts and dyed materials were not effective against the growth of Escherichia coli. The fabric dyed, however, showed less antimicrobial activity, as uptake of this dye in textile material is below minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

algorithms

The main reason for the efficiency decrease at part load conditions for four-stroke spark-ignition (SI) engines is the flow restriction at the cross-sectional area of the intake system. Traditionally, valve-timing has been designed to optimize operation at high engine-speed and wide open throttle conditions. Several investigations have demonstrated that improvements at part load conditions in engine performance can be accomplished if the valve-timing is variable. Controlling valve-timing can be used to improve the torque and power curve as well as to reduce fuel consumption and emissions.In this paper, a group method of data handling (GMDH) type neural network and evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are firstly used for modelling the effects of intake valve-timing (V-1) and engine speed (N) of a spark-ignition engine on both developed engine torque (T) and fuel consumption (Fc) using some experimentally obtained training and test data. Using such obtained polynomial neural network models, a multi-objective EA (non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, NSGA-II) with a new diversity preserving mechanism are secondly used for Pareto based optimization of the variable valve-timing engine considering two conflicting objectives such as torque (T) and fuel consumption (Fc). The comparison results demonstrate the superiority of the GMDH type models over feedforward neural network models in terms of the statistical measures in the training data, testing data and the number of hidden neurons. Further, it is shown that some interesting and important relationships, as useful optimal design principles, involved in the performance of the variable valve-timing four-stroke spark-ignition engine can be discovered by the Pareto based multi-objective optimization of the polynomial models. Such important optimal principles would not have been obtained without the use of both the GMDH type neural network modelling and the multi-objective Pareto optimization approach. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

related theoretical studies

In this report, 3((4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yeamino)isobenzofuran-1(3H)-one have been synthesized via reaction between phthalaldehydic acid and 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine in 90% yields and characterized by Infrared (IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), X-ray single crystal diffraction techniques. The single-crystal X-ray analysis shows that the title compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit-cell parameters a = 7.9351(4) angstrom, b = 11.1687 (6) angstrom, c = 16.1281(9) angstrom, alpha = 73.713(5)degrees, beta = 80.362(5)degrees,gamma = 72.882(4)degrees and Z = 4. A theoretical study with hybrid functional B3LYP 6-311G (d, p) basis set have been used in calculations. The structural and electronic properties have been detailed. The title compound was screened for its antioxidant activity by (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) free radical scavenging (DPPH), Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenolic contents (TP) assays and its ferrous ions chelating property. Electronic absorption titration, thermal denaturation measurement and viscosity techniques were used to determine the interaction between double stranded DNA (dsDNA) and compound 1. In three techniques, the mode of binding of compound 1 to dsDNA is minor groove. The UV-Vis measurement results allowed the calculation of the binding constant showing the binding strength of compound 1 to dsDNA was calculated as 8.13 x 10(4) +/- 0.07 L mol(-1). Moreover, the molecular docking calculations have been performed to investigate the compound-DNA interactions, computationally. In molecular docking calculations, it was observed that for the title compound, the lowest energy docking pose takes place in the minor groove of DNA and in addition to minor groove binding, interactions between the compound and the consecutive base pairs of DNA which may cause a partial intercalation were also observed. Results showed that title compound - DNA complex is stabilized by several hydrogen bonds, and Pi-alkyl interactions also take part in the stabilization of the complex. Binding affinities of the lowest energy docking pose of the title compound was found to be -8.3 kcal/mol. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.C1 [Yilmaz, Zeynep Tanrikulu] Pamukkale Univ, Fac Engn, Chem Engn Dept, Denizli, Turkey.[Odabasoglu, H. Yasin] Hayat Kimya, R&D Dept, Kocaeli, Turkey.[Senel, Pelin; Adimcilar, Veselina; Ozdemir, Ayse Daut; Golcu, Aysegul] Istanbul Tech Univ, Fac Sci & Letters, Dept Chem, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey.[Erdogan, Taner] Kocaeli Univ, Kocaeli Vocat Sch, Dept Chem & Chem Proc Technol, Kocaeli, Turkey.[Odabasoglu, Mustafa] Pamukkale Univ, Chem Technol Program, TR-20070 Kinikli, Turkey.[Buyukgungor, Orhan] Ondokuz Mayis Univ, Dept Phys, Samsun, Turkey

Seroepidemiological survey of Rhodoccocus equi infection in asymptomatic horses from Bursa, Izmir and Istanbul provinces, Turkey

In order to assess the Rhodococcus equi infection in three provinces of Turkey (Bursa, Izmir and Istanbul), 696 sera from healthy foals and adult horses were tested by indirect ELISA using a R. equi reference strain (ATCC 6939) as antigen. 103 sera (14.80%) with titres > 0.646 resulted positive. Seroprevalence was significantly higher (P = 0.0053) in male than in female horses of Istanbul province, although higher antibody titres (mean value) were observed in the female group of Bursa and Izmir provinces with differences estimated between provinces (P = 0.0002). Seroprevalence was correlated with age: foals aged less than 1 year (p < 10-4) and horses from 5 to 10 years old (P = 0.018) resulted more infected in Bursa and Izmir provinces. Our findings indicate that R. equi infection actually occurs in all investigated provinces, suggesting the importance of scrological survey to diagnose the infection and to prevent the zoonotic risk. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved