Protein–lipid interactions in membrane trafficking at the Golgi complex

AbstractThe integrated interplay between proteins and lipids drives many key cellular processes, such as signal transduction, cytoskeleton remodelling and membrane trafficking. The last of these, membrane trafficking, has the Golgi complex as its central station. Not only does this organelle orchestrates the biosynthesis, transport and intracellular distribution of many proteins and lipids, but also its own function and structure is dictated by intimate functional and physical relationships between protein-based and lipid-based machineries. These machineries are involved in the control of the fundamental events that govern membrane traffic, such as in the budding, fission and fusion of transport intermediates, in the regulation of the shape and geometry of the Golgi membranes themselves, and, finally, in the generation of “signals” that can have local actions in the secretory system, or that may affect other cellular systems. Lipid–protein interactions rely on the abilities of certain protein domains to recognize specific lipids. These interactions are mediated, in particular, through the headgroups of the phospholipids, although a few of these protein domains are able to specifically interact with the phospholipid acyl chains. Recent evidence also indicates that some proteins and/or protein domains are more sensitive to the physical environment of the membrane bilayer (such as its curvature) than to its chemical composition

Analisis Bioekonomi Perikanan Untuk Cumi-cumi (Loligo SP) Yang Tertangkap Dengan Cantrang Di Tpi Tanjungsari Kabupaten Rembang

Cumi-cumi (Loligo sp) merupakan salah satu sumberdaya perikanan yang memiliki potensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai komoditas komersial. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk menganalisis aspek bioekonomi cumi-cumi di perairan Rembang menggunakan perhitungan bioekonomi model Gordon-Schaefer dan Copes, serta menganalisis tingkat pemanfaatan sumberdaya cumi-cumi di perairan Rembang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode studi kasus dengan analisa deskriptif. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah metode multi stages sampling. Metode analisis data dengan melakukan perhitungan Catch per Unit Effort dari alat tangkap yang digunakan. Kemudian dihitung nilai MSY, MEY, OA, SO dan nilai tingkat pemanfaatan sumberdaya perikanan tangkap pada tiap tahunnya. Hasil analisis dari penelitian diperoleh nilai rata-rata Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) pada tahun 2008-2012 di perairan Kabupaten Rembang adalah 4,57 kg/trip alat tangkap. Produksi optimal (Copt) pada MSY model Gordon-Schaefer sebesar 156.511 kg/tahun dengan effort optimum (Eopt) 15.915 trip/tahun. Keuntungan yang diperoleh sebesar Rp 1.956.977.994,-. Produksi optimal (Copt) pada MEY model Gordon-Schaefer sebesar 155.428 kg/tahun dan effort optimum (Eopt) sebesar 14.591 trip/tahun. Keuntungan yang diperoleh sebesar Rp 1.973.232.611,-. Produksi optimal (Copt) pada SO model Copes sebesar 155.428 kg/tahun dan effort optimum (Eopt) sebesar 14.591 trip/tahun. Keuntungan yang diperoleh sebesar Rp 1.973.232.611,-. Produksi optimal (Copt) pada OAE model Copes sebesar 47.758 kg/tahun dan effort optimum (Eopt) sebesar 29.182 trip/tahun. Pada kondisi ini nelayan tidak memperoleh keuntungan. Tingkat pemanfaatan sumberdaya cumi-cumi di perairan Rembang pada tahun 2008-2012 memiliki rata-rata nilai sebesar 63%. Squid (Loligo sp) is one kinds of fishery resources which has the potency to be used as a commercial commodity. The purposes of this research were to analyse bioeconomic aspects of squid in Rembang seawaters with the measured models of bioeconomy Gordon-Schaefer and Copes, to analyse equilibrium of squid resources utilization in Rembang seawaters. The method used in this research is the case study method with a descriptive analysis. The sampling method used in this research was multi stages sampling method. The method of data analysis in this research was measured the Catch per Unit Effort of fishing gear it used cantrang within the first 5 years (2008-2012). And also measure, equilibrium of MSY, MEY, OA , SO and the value of fisheries resource utilization rate every year. The results of the average value of Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) from 2008-2012 at Rembang seawaters was 4.57 kg/unit effort. Optimum production (Copt) of MSY Gordon-Schaefer bioeconomic models was 156.511 kg/year with optimum effort (Eopt) 15.915 trips/year. The profits earned was Rp 1.956.977.994,-. The MEY of squid production was 155.428 kg / year and optimum effort (Eopt) was 14.591 trips/year. The profits earned was Rp 1.973.232.611,-. Optimum production (Copt) of SO Copes bioeconomic models was 155.428 kg/year with optimum effort (Eopt) 14.591 trips/year. The profits earned was Rp 1.973.232.611,-. While limitation for squid production in Open Access condition was 47.758 kg/year and the effort maximum 29.182 trips/year. In this condition do not benefit the fisherman. The average value of squid resources utilization at Rembang seawaters from 2008 until 2012 was of 63%

EL PAPEL DE LOS MANGLARES COMO CRIADEROS DE PARGO (LUTJANIDAE) EN EL GOLFO DE CHIRIQUÍ

Mangroves are recognized as key environments for breeding and reproduction of fishes.  To test this hypothesis we evaluated data on the size and reproductive conditions of snapper captured in the gulfs of Montijo and David, between 2010 and 2014. The main results indicate that the most abundant species captured are: Yellow snapper (Lutjanus argentiventris), Colorado snapper (L. colorado), Spotted rose snapper (L. guttatus) and the Pacific dog snapper (L. novemfasciatus). When sizes and reproductive status were analyzed, we found that Yellow snapper and Pacific dog snapper individuals were mostly represented by juveniles and sub-adults, Red snapper individuals were mostly juveniles and adults with gonads in early stages of development. The Spotted rose snapper was characterized by juveniles and adults in various stages of development, although their occurrence was localized to outer reaches of estuarine areas, outside of the mangrove area. The main conclusion of the present study is that red snapper species use the mangrove as a nursing ground for juveniles (Yellow and Pacific dog snapper) as well as a breeding ground for reentry of adults in early stages of gonad development (Colorado snapper), leaving for the continental shelf to spawn in open waters.  Los manglares son definidos como ecosistemas vitales para la cría y reproducción de peces. Para probar esta hipótesis se evaluaron las tallas y condición reproductiva de pargos capturados en los manglares de Montijo y David  entre el 2010 y el 2014. Los principales resultados indican que de las especies de pargos capturadas, el pargo amarillo (Lutjanus argentiventris), el pargo rojo (L. colorado), el pargo mancha (L. guttatus) y el pargo negro o dientón (L. novemfasciatus) son las más abundantes. Al analizar las tallas y la condición reproductiva se encontró que el pargo amarillo y el pargo negro están representados por individuos juveniles o subadultos, el pargo rojo por juveniles y adultos con gónadas en fases tempranas de desarrollo y el pargo mancha, por ejemplares juveniles y adultos con gónadas en todas las fases de desarrollo, aunque su presencia en los sistemas estuarinos se limitó a la parte externa, fuera de los manglares. La principal conclusión del estudio es que las diferentes especies de pargos utilizan los sistemas de manglar como sitio de cría de juveniles (pargos amarillo y dientón) o como sitio de cría y reingreso de adultos en fases iniciales del desarrollo gonadal (pargo rojo), por lo que al momento de la reproducción se trasladan hacia aguas más abiertas sobre la plataforma continental. &nbsp

Recommendations for a core outcome set for measuring standing balance in adult populations: a consensus-based approach

Standing balance is imperative for mobility and avoiding falls. Use of an excessive number of standing balance measures has limited the synthesis of balance intervention data and hampered consistent clinical practice.To develop recommendations for a core outcome set (COS) of standing balance measures for research and practice among adults.A combination of scoping reviews, literature appraisal, anonymous voting and face-to-face meetings with fourteen invited experts from a range of disciplines with international recognition in balance measurement and falls prevention. Consensus was sought over three rounds using pre-established criteria.The scoping review identified 56 existing standing balance measures validated in adult populations with evidence of use in the past five years, and these were considered for inclusion in the COS.Fifteen measures were excluded after the first round of scoring and a further 36 after round two. Five measures were considered in round three. Two measures reached consensus for recommendation, and the expert panel recommended that at a minimum, either the Berg Balance Scale or Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test be used when measuring standing balance in adult populations.Inclusion of two measures in the COS may increase the feasibility of potential uptake, but poses challenges for data synthesis. Adoption of the standing balance COS does not constitute a comprehensive balance assessment for any population, and users should include additional validated measures as appropriate.The absence of a gold standard for measuring standing balance has contributed to the proliferation of outcome measures. These recommendations represent an important first step towards greater standardization in the assessment and measurement of this critical skill and will inform clinical research and practice internationally

Structures of PI4KIIIβ complexes show simultaneous recruitment of Rab11 and its effectors

Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4Ks) and small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) are essential for processes that require expansion and remodeling of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P)-containing membranes, including cytokinesis, intracellular development of malarial pathogens, and replication of a wide range of RNA viruses. However, the structural basis for coordination of PI4K, GTPases and their effectors is unknown. Here, we describe structures of PI4KB (PI4KIIIβ) bound to the small GTPase Rab11a without and with the Rab11 effector protein FIP3. The Rab11-PI4KIIIβ interface is unique compared with known structures of Rab complexes, and does not involve switch regions used by GTPase effectors. Our data provide a mechanism for how PI4KIIIβ coordinates Rab11 and its effectors on PI4P-enriched membranes, and also provide strategies for the design of specific inhibitors that could potentially target plasmodial PI4KIIIβ to combat malaria

Oxysterol Binding Protein-dependent Activation of Sphingomyelin Synthesis in the Golgi Apparatus Requires Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase IIα

The study identifies a sterol- and oxysterol binding protein (OSBP)-regulated phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase that regulates ceramide transport protein (CERT) activity and sphingomyelin (SM) synthesis. RNA interference silencing experiments identify PI4KIIα; as the mediator of Golgi recruitment of CERT, providing a potential mechanism for coordinating assembly of SM and cholesterol in the Golgi or more distal compartments