A Study on anisotropy of cosmic ray distribution with a small array of water-cherenkov detectors

The study of the anisotropy of the arrival directions is an essential tool to investigate the origin and propagation of cosmic rays primaries. A simple way of recording many cosmic rays is to record coincidences between a number of detectors. We have monitored multi-TeV cosmic rays by a small array of water cherenkov detectors in Tehran(35 43 N, 51 20 E, 1200m a.s.l). More than 1.1*10^6 extensive air shower events were recorded. In addition to the Compton- Getting effect due to the motion of the earth in the Galaxy, an anisotropy has been observed which is due to a unidirectional anisotropy of cosmic ray flow along the Galactic arms.Comment: 16 pages 9 figs and one tabl

An assessment of haematological and serum biochemical indices in Salmo trutta caspius

Haematological and biochemical serum analyses were carried out in 131 fish specimens in three age and size groups including smolt, juvenile and breeder. Of these groups, smolt fish were 40 specimens in the average total length range 195.45±12.426mm and had an average weight of 84±15.5g, juvenile fish were 25 individuals and their average total length and weight were 267±20.877mm and 217.20±22.013g, respectively. The 41 breeder fish had an average total length of 578.24±68.487mm and an average weight of 1994.2±775.379g. Another 25 breeder fish were also sampled in the spawning season for blood biochemical analyses had an average total length range of 617±59.9mm and weighed on average 2227.5±647.5g each. Red blood cell counts were 866600 per mm super(3) and 1259400 per mm ^(3) in smolt and breeder fish respectively. The average hematocrit was 48.39% in smolt and 44.29% in breeder fish. The average hemoglobin was 8.85g/dl in smolt and 10.91g/dl in breeder fish. White blood cell count was 8781.58 per mm ^(3) in smolt and 5217.65 per mm ^(3) in breeder fish. Other measurements were as follows: Lymphocyte 90.57% in smolt and 73.22% in breeders, Neutrophil 5.12% in smolt and 16.92% in breeders, Monocyte 1.27% in smolt and 4.24% in breeders, and clotting time was 282.34 seconds in smolt and 291.47 seconds in breeder fish. We also measured MCV, MCH and MCHC in smolt and breeder fish along with biochemical parameters. The glucose level was 2.97mmol/1 in juvenile and 1.99mmol/1 in breeder fish. The cholesterol level was 4.26mmol/l in juvenile and 7.06mmol/1 in breeders. The triglyceride amount was 2.35mmol/l in juvenile and 2.47mmol/l in breeder specimens and the calcium level was 2.44 in juvenile and 2.61 mmol/1 in breeder fish

Comment on ``Solidification of a Supercooled Liquid in a Narrow Channel''

Comment on PRL v. 86, p. 5084 (2001) [cond-mat/0101016]. We point out that the authors' simulations are consistent with the known theory of steady-state solutions in this system

Effect of Listeria monocytogenes inoculation, sodium acetate and nisin on microbiological and chemical quality of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella during refrigeration storage

In this study, the microbiological quality and lipid oxidation of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillets treated by dipping in sodium acetate (0, 1 and 3%), nisin (0, 0.1 and 0.2%) or their combination were evaluated during 16 days of refrigeration storage. Antilisterial effect of nisin was enhanced with the increased concentration of sodium acetate. With increasing the concentrations of sodium acetate, mesophilic counts were lower but regarding nisin, better results were obtained by applying 0.1% nisin. Greater inhibition of mesophile bacteria was observed when combination treatment was used. The number of lactobacillus was lower when higher concentrations of sodium acetate and nisin were used. Peroxide, TBA and total viable base nitrogen (TVB-N) values were lower in the samples treated with both nisin and sodium acetate and higher results were obtained in the combination treatments.Key words: Listeria monocytogenes, nisin, sodium acetate, microbial quality, chemical quality, grass carp

Manipulation of photoperiod in growth factors of beluga sturgeon Huso huso

The beluga sturgeon is considered as the most important species for caviar production. This study aimed to evaluate effects of photoperiod manipulation on growth factors of beluga sturgeon. The six photoperiod regimes (light: dark cycle) including natural photoperiod (control), 24L : 0D, 16L : 8D, 12L : 12D, 8L : 16D and 0L : 24D with the three replicates. The treatment 5 (8L: 16D) gained the greatest final weight (2194.4 g) after 73 rearing days and besides, the treatments 4, 3 and 1 (12L : 12D, 16L : 8D, and Control) can be considered as the good photoperiod regimes for beluga sturgeon. The continuous light (24L : 0D) and continuous dark (0L : 24D) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the final weight of fish to 1804.2 g and 1976.1 g, respectively. Regulated photoperiod significantly improve growth rate and food conversion ratio of beluga sturgeon

MILD AND EFFICIENT METHOD FOR OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS IN IONIC LIQUID MEDIA

In this study the strong oxidative agent, potassium permanganate, has been moderated with using under ionic liquid media for selective oxidation of some benzylic and aliphatic alcohols to their corresponding carbonyl compounds under mild and green conditions. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazoliumbromide ([bmim]Br) (BMIM) associated with acetonitrile has been employed as modified media for oxidation of benzylic alcohols. This chemoselective and efficient process produced aldehydes and ketones with higher purity and yields and shorter reaction period in [bmim]Br as ionic liquid than conventional solvents

A topological classification of convex bodies

The shape of homogeneous, generic, smooth convex bodies as described by the Euclidean distance with nondegenerate critical points, measured from the center of mass represents a rather restricted class M_C of Morse-Smale functions on S^2. Here we show that even M_C exhibits the complexity known for general Morse-Smale functions on S^2 by exhausting all combinatorial possibilities: every 2-colored quadrangulation of the sphere is isomorphic to a suitably represented Morse-Smale complex associated with a function in M_C (and vice versa). We prove our claim by an inductive algorithm, starting from the path graph P_2 and generating convex bodies corresponding to quadrangulations with increasing number of vertices by performing each combinatorially possible vertex splitting by a convexity-preserving local manipulation of the surface. Since convex bodies carrying Morse-Smale complexes isomorphic to P_2 exist, this algorithm not only proves our claim but also generalizes the known classification scheme in [36]. Our expansion algorithm is essentially the dual procedure to the algorithm presented by Edelsbrunner et al. in [21], producing a hierarchy of increasingly coarse Morse-Smale complexes. We point out applications to pebble shapes.Comment: 25 pages, 10 figure

Molecular weight effects on chain pull-out fracture of reinforced polymeric interfaces

Using Brownian dynamics, we simulate the fracture of polymer interfaces reinforced by diblock connector chains. We find that for short chains the interface fracture toughness depends linearly on the degree of polymerization $N$ of the connector chains, while for longer chains the dependence becomes $N^{3/2}$. Based on the geometry of initial chain configuration, we propose a scaling argument that accounts for both short and long chain limits and crossover between them.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure