Ultrastructural aspects of two different mast cell populations in human healthy gingival tissue

The results of our recent microscopy studies clearly have demonstrated the constant presence of numerous metachromatic cells in healthy human gingival connective tissue. Despite the great number of studies on mast cell population in many human organs (lung, skin, uterus, and bowel), at the present time few are the studies regarding the morphostructural aspects of mast cells in the human gingiva. The aim of this study was to assess by transmission electron microscopy the presence of mast cells in the healthy human gingiva and to characterize the ultrastructural aspects of mast cells populations. 30 specimens of human gingival tissue were collected from 30 patients with informed consent. The samples were prepared for T.E.M. examination. In all the ultrathin sections observed we detected numerous and ubiquitarious mast cells. These exhibited several morphological types of cytoplasmic granules with characteristic subgranular architectural variety in shape and density. This allowed us to divide mast cells into two groups: cells with granules consisted of compact coiled scrolls, fine granular material and lattice - grating configuration, and cells containing granules with discrete scrolls formed by more concentric lamellae and particulate structure. The two ultrastructural aspects observed correspond to McTC and McT of the international literature. Therefore in the human gingival connective tissue, like in other organs, two types of mast cells are clearly present. Surprisingly, the human gingival tissue shows, like the lung, McT as the prevailing subpopulation, in contrast to the skin, uterus and gastrointestinal submucosa where McTC prevail. Dans le cadre d’une étude sur la population cellulaire du tissu conjonctif gingival humain nous avons constaté, en microscopie optique, la présence constante de nombreuses cellules metachromatiques. Pour définir la nature de telles cellules et pour en déterminer les aspects ultra-structuraux, nous avons étudié au microscope électronique à transmission 30 biopsies du tissu gingival humain, cliniquement sain. Dans tous les échantillons examinés nous avons observé de nombreux mastocytes dont le contenu granulaire nous est apparu caractérisé par un aspect « à particules » et « en rouleaux » ou bien, dans d’autres éléments cellulaires, par un aspect «en grillage». Les deux aspects ultrastructuraux décrits nous permettent de distinguer les mastocytes gingivaux en deux sous-populations, différentes comme l’ont confirmé plusieurs auteurs, selon la localisation anatomique, selon la structure intérieure et le contenu enzymatique des granules, et, enfin, selon la réaction à des substances sécrétagogues

Escherichia coli specific secretory IgA and cytokines in human milk from mothers of different ethnic groups resident in northern Italy.

Breast milk supplies many bioactive components. Neonates protection from pathogenic bacteria is mainly attributable to secretory IgA antibodies present in human milk in an amount depending on previous antigenic exposure. To bring new details into the field of immunological memory in secretory immunity, we evaluated the production of s-IgA specific for E. coli (E. coli s-IgA), and of proinflammatory (IL-6 and IL-8) or anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in the milk of mothers of different ethnic groups exposed in the past to poor conditions, but nowadays living in Italy in adequate conditions. Mothers from Italy, Africa, Asia and Eastern European Countries were included in the study. Anti- E. coli s-IgA, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were determined by ELISA. Breast milk of all the foreign mothers presented higher levels of E. coli s-IgA than Italians, and for Asian and African mothers were significative (p=0.031 and p=0.015, respectively). Milk from women of Eastern European Countries revealed the highest IL-8 levels (p=0.026), while milk from Asian women presented the greatest concentration of IL-6 (p=0.04); however, the Africans reported the lowest concentrations of IL-10 (p=0.045). Since all the mothers had been living in Italy for some time, we believe that the presence of high levels of E. coli s-IgA, supported by high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine, is part of a persisting immunological secretory memory

An Algebraic Approach to Linear-Optical Schemes for Deterministic Quantum Computing

Linear-Optical Passive (LOP) devices and photon counters are sufficient to implement universal quantum computation with single photons, and particular schemes have already been proposed. In this paper we discuss the link between the algebraic structure of LOP transformations and quantum computing. We first show how to decompose the Fock space of N optical modes in finite-dimensional subspaces that are suitable for encoding strings of qubits and invariant under LOP transformations (these subspaces are related to the spaces of irreducible unitary representations of U(N)). Next we show how to design in algorithmic fashion LOP circuits which implement any quantum circuit deterministically. We also present some simple examples, such as the circuits implementing a CNOT gate and a Bell-State Generator/Analyzer.Comment: new version with minor modification

Considérations sur des tests de biocompatibilité «in vivo» et «in vitro» de quelques ciments endodontiques

The major goal endodontic therapy has been achieved by condensing filling materials into the root canal. It’s not uncommon to find excess material into the periapical tissue. It therefore becomes obligatory to use fillings materials that have acceptable biocompatibility.The purpose of this investigation was to obtain a «toxicity profile» of some endodontics materials and to compare our observations to results present in literature.The gutta-percha and five endodontic filling cements were tested «in vivo» and «in vitro».The in vivo biocompatibility involved the placement of the test material in 10 mm. Teflon tubes with an outer diameter of 1.3 mm which were implanted subcutaneously into rats. The implants were left in situ for periods of 30 and 90 days. The «hemolysis test» is designed for «in vitro» evaluations.The istological examination showed different intensity and extent cellular responses. In some cases severe infiltration of inflammatory cell and areas with necrotis were seen.At conclusion, the endodontics material evaluated showed slight, moderate and severe reactions; therefore a different pattern in tissue response.Dans le domaine odontologique, ainsi que dans les autres branches de la médecine, l’exigence d’améliorer constamment la biocompatibilité des matériaux utilisés comme thérapeutique, surtout quand ces matériaux sont destinés à «cohabiter» longtemps avec l’organisme, est de plus en plus ressentie.Dans le cadre d’un vaste programme de recherche, les auteurs se sont proposé d’évaluer la biocompatibilité réelle de quelques matériaux endodontiques choisis parmi les plus courants en Italie: c’est dans ce but qu’ont été effectués des tests «in vitro» (test de l’émolyse d’hématies de lapin) et «in vivo» (selon la technique de Safavi et al. qui prévoit l’implantation du matériel à tester dans le tissu sous-cutané du rat).Les résultats des tests ont démontré la variabilité du grade de biocompatibilité des matériaux soumis à l’expérimentation. Certains matériaux n’ont provoqué en effet qu’une légère réaction des tissus, d’autres ont déterminé la formation d’importants infiltrats de cellules inflammatoires, de macrophages, de cellules géantes de corps étranger et de colliquation nécrotique tissulaire

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

GEMS (Gamma Energy Marine Spectrometer) is a prototype of an autonomous radioactivity sensor for underwater measurements, developed in the framework for a development of a submarine telescope for neutrino detection (KM3NeT Design Study Project). The spectrometer is highly sensitive to gamma rays produced by 40K decays but it can detect other natural (e.g., 238U,232Th) and anthropogenic radio-nuclides (e.g., 137Cs). GEMS was firstly tested and calibrated in the laboratory using known sources and it was successfully deployed for a long-term (6 months) monitoring at a depth of 3200 m in the Ionian Sea (Capo Passero, offshore Eastern Sicily). The instrument recorded data for the whole deployment period within the expected specifications. This monitoring provided, for the first time, a continuous time-series of radioactivity in deep-sea.In press4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferiJCR Journalope

Les perles d’émail: aspects ultrastructuraux et hypothèses de morphogenèse

Five enamel pearls were examined by Scanning Electron Microscope. Some external pearls presented a bare enamel surface, others were covered by a thin layer of cementum.The enamel pearls showed irregular dystrofic enamel surface or a thin layer without structure, rows of irregular Tome’s processes pits, enamel caps and focal holes. Some enamel pearls revealed little areas of enamel surface resorption like-resorbing lacunae with, in some cases, areas of tissue repair.La perle d’émail est une masse circulaire de matériel calcifié qui apparait le plus souvent dans la bifurcation des molaires et est attachée à la surface externe de la dent. Elle peut aussi être interne mais nous en savons très peu à ce sujet à cause du manque de publications. Cinq perles externes ont été observées au microscope électronique à balayage.Tandis que certaines perles externes présentent une surface à nu, d’autres sont recouvertes d’une fine couche de cément qui les protège. La surface de la perle d’émail présente des zones irrégulières d’hypominéralisation ou une fine couche sans structure, des rangées de petits trous irréguliers des processus de Tome et des trous focaux et des cratères

SAS multipass interferometry for monitoring seabed deformation using a high-frequency imaging sonar

Abstract-. This paper presents the results of a two years project led and funded by Eni from 2008 to 2010 with the aim of supporting the development and experimentation of innovative technology for environmental monitoring. The problem addressed is the precise estimate of possible altimetric variations of the seabed through long-term monitoring. The selected methodology consists in the application of repeat-track interferometry to high-resolution, high-frequency sonar data collected from an AUV during repeated surveys of a seafloor area of interest. The paper describes the experimental measurements conducted at sea, the SAS and interferometry methodologies developed, and the results obtained on artificial objects sitting on the seabed. The quality of the achieved focusing is analyzed. The achieved repeat-pass SAS interferograms are shown and analyzed. The coherence along time of the particular kind of seabed (silty sand) characterizing the experimental area is presented and the utility of artificial reflectors for long-term SAS interferometry is discussed.Published673-6832.5. Laboratorio per lo sviluppo di sistemi di rilevamento sottomariniN/A or not JCRreserve

GEMS: Underwater spectrometer for long-term radioactivity measurements

GEMS (Gamma Energy Marine Spectrometer) is a prototype of an autonomous radioactivity sensor for underwater measurements, developed in the framework for a development of a submarine telescope for neutrino detection (KM3NeT Design Study Project). The spectrometer is highly sensitive to gamma rays produced by 40K decays but it can detect other natural (e.g., 238U,232Th) and anthropogenic radio-nuclides (e.g., 137Cs). GEMS was firstly tested and calibrated in the laboratory using known sources and it was successfully deployed for a long-term (6 months) monitoring at a depth of 3200 m in the Ionian Sea (Capo Passero, offshore Eastern Sicily). The instrument recorded data for the whole deployment period within the expected specifications. This monitoring provided, for the first time, a continuous time-series of radioactivity in deep-sea

Teleportation-based realization of an optical quantum two-qubit entangling gate

In recent years, there has been heightened interest in quantum teleportation, which allows for the transfer of unknown quantum states over arbitrary distances. Quantum teleportation not only serves as an essential ingredient in long-distance quantum communication, but also provides enabling technologies for practical quantum computation. Of particular interest is the scheme proposed by Gottesman and Chuang [Nature \textbf{402}, 390 (1999)], showing that quantum gates can be implemented by teleporting qubits with the help of some special entangled states. Therefore, the construction of a quantum computer can be simply based on some multi-particle entangled states, Bell state measurements and single-qubit operations. The feasibility of this scheme relaxes experimental constraints on realizing universal quantum computation. Using two different methods we demonstrate the smallest non-trivial module in such a scheme---a teleportation-based quantum entangling gate for two different photonic qubits. One uses a high-fidelity six-photon interferometer to realize controlled-NOT gates and the other uses four-photon hyper-entanglement to realize controlled-Phase gates. The results clearly demonstrate the working principles and the entangling capability of the gates. Our experiment represents an important step towards the realization of practical quantum computers and could lead to many further applications in linear optics quantum information processing.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure