Supersaturation in the Wake of a Precipitating Hydrometeor and its Impact on Aerosol Activation

The secondary activation of aerosols impacts the life cycle of a cloud. A detailed understanding is necessary for reliable climate prediction. Recent laboratory experiments demonstrate that aerosols can be activated in the wake of precipitating hydrometeors. However, many quantitative aspects of this wake-induced activation remain unclear. Here, we report a detailed numerical investigation of the activation potential of wake-induced supersaturation. By Lagrangian tracking of aerosols we show that a significant fraction of aerosols are activated in the supersaturated wake. These 'lucky aerosols' are entrained in the wake's vortices and reside in the supersaturated environment sufficiently long to be activated. Our analyses show that wake-induced activation can contribute at a level similar to other well known secondary production processes

Echocardiographic phenomenon “RAC-sign” in the anomalous course of circumflex artery: a case report

Coronary artery (CA) anomalies are a group of congenital heart defects  with a diverse clinical performance, from lifelong asymptomatic to severe consequences such as sudden cardiac death. In some cases,  CA anomalies become  an incidental finding during echocardiography.  If there is a suspicion of CA anomaly, a radiographic investigation (computed tomography (CT) angiography or magnetic resonance imaging) should be performed to clarify the anatomy and indications for surgical correction.A case of diagnosing a tubular structure with hyperechoic  walls in mitral valve projection during echocardiography  is presented. The performed CT angiography confirmed the abnormal origin of circumflex artery from the right sinus of Valsalva with its retroaortic course. This echocardiographic  sign is described in the English-language literature as Retroaortic Anomalous Coronary sign (RAC-sign)

MEASURING ARTERIAL PRESSURE WITH VOICE SUPPORT

The project is devoted to the development of a blood pressure monitor with a voice guidance that would help visually impaired or blind people to take blood pressure measurements

Precipitation Augmentation for Crops Experiments: Pre-experimental Phase Studies

published or submitted for publicationis peer reviewedOpe

Anthropogenic intensification of short-duration rainfall extremes

Short- duration (1-3 h) rainfall extremes can cause serious damage to societies through rapidly developing (flash) flooding and are determined by complex, multifaceted processes that are altering as Earth's climate warms. In this Review, we examine evidence from observational, theoretical and modelling studies for the intensification of these rainfall extremes, the drivers and the impact on flash flooding. Both short- duration and long- duration (\textgreater1 day) rainfall extremes are intensifying with warming at a rate consistent with the increase in atmospheric moisture (~7% K-1), while in some regions, increases in short- duration extreme rainfall intensities are stronger than expected from moisture increases alone. These stronger local increases are related to feedbacks in convective clouds, but their exact role is uncertain because of the very small scales involved. Future extreme rainfall intensification is also modulated by changes to temperature stratification and large- scale atmospheric circulation. The latter remains a major source of uncertainty. Intensification of short- duration extremes has likely increased the incidence of flash flooding at local scales and this can further compound with an increase in storm spatial footprint to considerably increase total event rainfall. These findings call for urgent climate change adaptation measures to manage increasing flood risks

Applications of Bayesian corrections for systematic errors in Rietveld refinements

Recently, a Bayesian statistics approach for correction of systematic errors in Rietveld refinements has been developed and implemented as a patch toGSAS-II. This paper demonstrates the benefits of the proposed method in a series of structural refinements from diffraction data collected for one sample using four different powder diffractometers,i.e.synchrotron and laboratory X-ray and two time-of-flight neutron instruments. Differences between the parameters estimated while fitting these four data sets provided magnitudes of the systematic errors while also highlighting the efficacy of the Bayesian procedure for their correction. Structural parameters estimated from the standard Rietveld refinements using the four data sets differed significantly. In all cases, the agreement improved markedly after applying the Bayesian error-correction procedure. The Bayesian refinements were paired with a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm, which was implemented as part of the same patch toGSAS-II, to confirm that uncertainties in the refined parameters obtained using the much faster least-squares minimization were realistic.</jats:p