Non-magnetic semiconductor spin transistor

We propose a spin transistor using only non-magnetic materials that exploits the characteristics of bulk inversion asymmetry (BIA) in (110) symmetric quantum wells. We show that extremely large spin splittings due to BIA are possible in (110) InAs/GaSb/AlSb heterostructures, which together with the enhanced spin decay times in (110) quantum wells demonstrates the potential for exploitation of BIA effects in semiconductor spintronics devices. Spin injection and detection is achieved using spin-dependent resonant interband tunneling and spin transistor action is realized through control of the electron spin lifetime in an InAs lateral transport channel using an applied electric field (Rashba effect). This device may also be used as a spin valve, or a magnetic field sensor. The electronic structure and spin relaxation times for the spin transistor proposed here are calculated using a nonperturbative 14-band k.p nanostructure model.Comment: Accepted for publication in Applied Physics Letter

Correlation of TEM data with confined phonons to determine strain and size of Ge nanocrystals embedded in SixNy matrix

Models that use phonon confinement fail to provide consistent results for nanocrystal sizes in differing dielectric matrices due to varying stress experienced by nanocrystals in different dielectric environments. In cases where direct measurement of stress is difficult, the possibility of stress saturation as a function of size opens up a window for the use of phonon confinement to determine size. We report on a test of this possibility in Ge: SixNy system. Ge nanocrystals (NCs) embedded in silicon nitride matrix have been fabricated using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) followed by post annealing in Ar ambient. Nanocrystal size dependence of Raman spectra was studied taking into account associated stress and an improved phonon confinement approach. Our analysis show same stress for NCs which have sizes below 7.0 nm allowing the use of phonon confinement to determine the nanocrystal size. The results are compared with TEM data and good agreement is observed. © 2017 Elsevier Lt

Examination Of Mobbing Behaviors Experıenced By The Personnel Working At Youth Services And Provincial Directorates Of Sports,

The purpose of this research is to examine mobbing behaviors experienced by the personnel working at Youth Services and Provincial Directorates of Sports according to their sex, age, marital status, occupational seniority and graduated school. The research is such made by using general scanning model. The personnel working at the district and provincial offices of Youth Services and General Directorate of Sports constitute the population of the research and 325 personnel working at Youth Services and Provincial Directorates of Sports selected randomly from the population in 25 provinces constitute the sample of the research. The data regarding mobbing actions experienced by the personnel was collected by using “Negative Acts Questionnaire” (NAQ). “Negative Acts Questionnaire” (NAQ) was developed by Einarsen and Raknes (1) and adapted to Turkish by Cemaloglu (2). Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of the subjected scale was re-calculated and determined to be 0,89. During the analysis of data frequency (f), percentage distribution (%), arithmetic average (x), -t and F tests were used and data were analyzed by means of SPSS 15,00 packaged software. Significance level was accepted as 0.5 in order to determine whether a difference exists between the variants applied in the questionnaire. As a result of our research it was determined that 44% of the personnel working in GHSİM (Youth Services and General Directorate of Sports) suffered mobbing behaviors. When the questionnaire results are analyzed it is seen that women exposed more mobbing behaviors comparing to men, those between 21-30 age group exposed more mobbing behaviors comparing to other age groups, those married exposed more mobbing behaviors comparing to single and divorced, those having 1-10 years of seniority exposed more mobbing behaviors comparing to those having other seniorities, those having bachelor’s degree and associate degree exposed to more mobbing behaviors comparing to other graduates. It was determined that there is a significant difference between mobbing experiencing levels according to sex, age, occupational seniority and graduated school of the GHSİM personnel and no significant difference according to marital status variant

Researching Of Ranking Handball Referees' Job Satisfaction Levels In Terms Of Some Parameters,

This research has been conducted in order to determine the job satisfaction levels of the ranking referees in terms of some parameters (sex, age, marital status, income states, other profession, and refereeing period). This research is a descriptive study towards the review of job satisfaction levels of Handball ranking referees. Referees take charge in 2010-11 season in Turkish leagues constitute the population of the research. Accordingly 107 Ranking referees under Turkish Handball Federation constitute the sample of the research. SPSS package program was used for the statistical analyses. Measuring tool is constituted of two sections. In first section a test directed towards to determine the demographical features of the referees while in second section “Minnesota job satisfaction scale” was used. Validity and reliability studies were made (cronbach alpha =0.70). It was determined that statistically there is not a significant gap between the job satisfaction levels of the referees according to their sex, marital status, ranking position, refereeing periods and income status; and statistically there is a significant gap between their job satisfaction levels according to their ages. Increase of job satisfaction with the increase of age, increase of the experience, awards, rise of refereeing ranking and coalescence with the job are considered to be the factors for the existence of such difference. Income levels of the majority of the referees are seen to be at intermediate level

The Importance Of Schools’ Sport Promotion In Society,

This study aims to generalize of school sports in the society, and this indicates how it impresses to the achievement of sporty.The universe of the research constitues physical education teachers work at schools of Ministry of National Education. The sample of research constitutes is composed twenty-six female and one hundred-two male physical education teachers, who work in the center of Elazig. A questionnaire is applied as a data collection device, these rates and frequency values of the questionnaire data are considered, and these values put into tables. Consequently, physical education teachers participated in this research stated that; %85.1 (109 people) considers that school sports would be affective for spreading schools in society, %68 has economic problems in sportive facilities, %95.3 thinks that hours of physical education courses are not adequate, %83 considers that sports organizations among schools would be benefical for national sports

Risultati audiologici e rate di attecchimento dell'innesto di cartilagine con pericondrio nella timpanoplastica: PACIT

La cartilagine rappresenta una delle opzioni più interessanti per il confezionamento dell'innesto nella timpanoplastica (TPL). Col presente studio presentiamo i nostri risultati audiologici e il rate di attecchimento nei casi di TPL trattati con innesto di cartilagine con pericondrio (PACIT). Sono stati analizzati, in termini di tipo di chirurgia effettuata, attecchimento dell'innesto e risultati audiologici, 194 orecchi di 191 pazienti (108 maschi, 83 donne). Sono state effettuate 127 (65,46%) TPL tipo I, 45 (23,20%) tipo II e 22 (11,34%) tipo III. Il gap medio fra via aerea e via ossea all'audiometria tonale preoperatoria è stato rispettivamente 33,74 ± 9,60, 52,58 ± 9,07, e 56,58 ± 10,27 dB HL; i valori nel postoperatorio sono stai invece 18,55 ± 9,25, 31,21 ± 4,36, and 44,84 ± 12,45 dB HL. Nel postoperatorio di è registrato un miglioramento della soglia (≥ 10dB) nel 76,81% degli orecchi valutati, con un recupero medio di 20 dB HL (range 10-40 dB). Tuttavia il 19,07% degli orecchi valutati non ha mostrato un miglioramento della soglia uditiva, e il 4,12% ha manifestato un peggioramento della soglia. L'innesto ha attecchito correttamente nel 91,24% dei casi con follow-up di almeno 13 mesi con una media di 68,64 mesi, mentre si è registrato un fallimento nel 8,76% dei casi. In considerazione dei livelli postoperatori della soglia uditiva e dell'elevato rate di attecchimenti registrato, il presente studio ha evidenziato l'efficacia a lungo termine dell'innesto di cartilagine con pericondrio

Yükseköğretimde Spor Eğitimi Veren Kurumlarda Görev Yapan Akademik Personelin Elektronik Ticaret Hakkındaki Görüşleri,

In this study the views of the academic personnel working in institutions giving sports training at higher education level in Turkey about electronic trade has been researched. Sample of the study is constituted by 214 academic personnel working in institutions giving sports training at higher education level in Turkey. Validity and reliability study improved by Sevindik (16) was made to determine the views of the participants and “e-Trade User View Form” was used. SPSS 11.5 package program was used in assessment of the questionnaires and t-test, Variance Analysis (ANOVA), Kruskal Wallis Test and LSD test analyses were made. As a result it was observed that, 86% of the academic personnel working in institutions giving sports training at higher education level in Turkey expressed the importance of electronic trade, 81,3% of them expressed that they used electronic banking system and 59,9% of them emphasized that electronic trade eliminates the traditional trade. Furthermore it was determined that there was a significant difference between the views of the participants towards electronic trade according to the variants of sex and education

Analyzing Of Levels Of Job Satisfaction Of Volleyball Classification Referees In The Terms Of Some Parameters,

This research was carried out in order to determine the levels of job satisfaction of volleyball classification referees in the terms of some parameters (gender, age, marital status, duration of refereeing). The referees carrying out a duty in the Turkey leagues of 2011-2012 seasons constitute the nature of the research. At the same time, 136 classification referees who were selected randomly between 440 classification referees depend on the Volleyball Federation of Turkey constitute its sample. SPSS packaged software was used for the statistical analysis. Measurement tool consists of two parts. The evaluation was carried out intended for determine the demographic characteristics of the referees in the first section, "Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale" was used in the second section. Validity and reliability studies were carried out and reliability co-efficient (cronbach alpha) was found as 0.75. Determined that there is no difference statistically between levels of the job satisfaction of the referees according to their genders, also there is significant difference statistically between levels of the intrinsic job satisfaction of the referees according to their ages, marital status and duration of the refereeing. As a result, it is concluded that as age goes by, job satisfaction is increasing in the parallel of this, increasing of the experience and authority depending on the duration of refereeing, integration of reward and referees works are effective in the emergence of this difference

Spin relaxation in (110) and (001) InAs/GaSb superlattices

We report an enhancement of the electron spin relaxation time (T1) in a (110) InAs/GaSb superlattice by more than an order of magnitude (25 times) relative to the corresponding (001) structure. The spin dynamics were measured using polarization sensitive pump probe techniques and a mid-infrared, subpicosecond PPLN OPO. Longer T1 times in (110) superlattices are attributed to the suppression of the native interface asymmetry and bulk inversion asymmetry contributions to the precessional D'yakonov Perel spin relaxation process. Calculations using a nonperturbative 14-band nanostructure model give good agreement with experiment and indicate that possible structural inversion asymmetry contributions to T1 associated with compositional mixing at the superlattice interfaces may limit the observed spin lifetime in (110) superlattices. Our findings have implications for potential spintronics applications using InAs/GaSb heterostructures.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure