Hybrid Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensing Of High Hydrostatic Pressure

The opto-mechanical response of Hybrid Photonic Crystal Fiber (HPCF) with Ge-doped inclusions is numerically modeled for high hydrostatic pressure sensing purpose. A typical photonic crystal fiber (PCF) consists of a silica solidcore and a cladding with a hexagonal lattice of air-holes. The HPCF is similar to the regular PCF, but a horizontal line of air-holes is substituted by solid high index rods of Ge-doped silica. The optical guidance in HPCFs is supported combining two physical effects: the modified total internal reflection and the photonic bandgap. In such fibers, the Gedoped inclusions induce residual birefringence. In our analysis, we evaluate the susceptibility of the phase modal birefringence and group birefringence to hydrostatic pressure. The analyses were performed at a photonic bandgap with central wavelength near to 1350 nm. The polarimetric pressure sensitivity is about 10 rad/MPa x m at λ = 1175 nm. © 2011 Copyright Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).7753Oz Optics,Simbol Test Systems, Inc.,FISO Technologies, Inc.,CMC Microsystems Corporation,Innovative Economy: National Strategic Reference FrameworkCerqueira, A.S., Hybrid photonic crystal fiber (2006) Opt. Express, 14 (2), pp. 926-931Cerqueira, A.S., Recent progress and novel applications of photonic crystal fibers (2010) Rep. Prog. Phys., 73, p. 023301Cerqueira, A.S., Birefringence properties of hybrid photonic crystal fibers (2009) Proceedings of Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2009), pp. 804-806. , Belem, Brazil, 03-06, NovemberFranco, M.A.R., Thermal tunability of photonic bandgaps in photonic crystal fibers selectively filled with nematic liquid crystal Proceedings of 2nd Workshop on Specialty Optical Fibers and Their Applications (WSOF-2), Oaxaca, Mexico, 13-15, October, (2010)Fleming, J.W., Dispersion in GeO2 -SiO2 glasses (1984) Appl. Opt., 23 (24), pp. 4486-4493Martynkien, T., Highly birefringent microstructured fibers with enhanced sensitivity to hydrostatic pressure (2010) Opt. Express, 18 (14), pp. 15113-15121Kühn, B., Schadrack, R., Thermal expansion of synthetic fused silica as a function of OH content and fictive temperature (2009) J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 355, pp. 323-326Gupta, D., Kumar, A., Thyagarajan, K., Polarization mode dispersion in single mode optical fibers due to core-ellipticity (2006) Opt. Commun., 263, pp. 36-41Koshiba, M., (1992) Optical Waveguide Theory by the Finite Element Method, pp. 133-160. , KTK Scientific Publishers and Kluwer Academic Publishers, TokyoUrbanczyk, W., Martynkien, T., Bock, W.J., Dispersion effects in elliptical-core highly birefringent fibers (2001) Appl. Opt., 40 (12), pp. 1911-1920Olszewski, J., Birefringence analysis in photonic crystal fibers with germanium-doped core (2009) J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt., 11, pp. 1-10Martynkien, T., Urbanczyk, W., Modeling of spectral characteristics of Corning PMF-38 highly birefringent fiber (2002) Optik, 113 (1), pp. 25-30Hlubina, P., Broad spectral range measurements and modelling of birefringence dispersion in two-mode elliptical-core fibres (2010) J. Opt., 12, pp. 1-8Martynkien, T., Birefringence in microstructure fiber with elliptical GeO2 highly doped inclusion in the core (2008) Opt. Lett., 33 (23), pp. 2764-2766Verbandt, Y., Polarimetric Optical Fiber Sensors: Aspects of Sensitivity and Practical Implementation (1997) Opt. Rev., 4 (1 A), pp. 75-79Lagakos, N., Bucaro, J.A., Hughes, R., Acoustic sensitivity predictions of single-mode optical fibers using Brillouin scattering (1980) Appl. Opt., 19 (21), pp. 3668-3670Chiang, K.S., Sceats, Wong, D., Ultraviolet photolytic-induced changes in optical fibers: The thermal expansion coefficient (1993) Opt. Lett., 18 (12), pp. 965-96

Removal Of Cyanobacteria Toxins From Drinking Water By Adsorption On Activated Carbon Fibers

Natural fibers from macadamia nut shell, dried coconut shell endocarp, unripe coconut mesocarp, sugarcane bagasse and pine wood residue were used to prepare activated carbon fibers (ACF) with potential application for removing microcystins. The ACF from pine wood and sugar cane bagasse were used to remove [D-Leucine1 MCYST-LR from water. After 10 minutes of contact time, more than 98% of toxin was removed by the ACF. The microcystin adsorption monolayer, qm, in the ACF recovered 200 and 161 μg.mg-1, with the Langmuir adsorption constant, KL, of 2.33 and 1.23 L.mg-1. Adsorption of [D-Leucine1]MCYST-LR in continuous process was studied for a fixed-bed ACF prepared from coconut shell and sugar cane bagasse and for two commercial activated carbon samples from treatment water plants of two Brazilian hemodialysis centers. Saturation of the beds occurred after 80 to 320 minutes, and the adsorption capacity for that toxin varied from 4.11 to 12.82 μg.mg-1.113371380Honda RY, Mercante CTJ, Vieira JMS, Esteves KE, Cabianca MAA, Azevedo MTP. Cianotoxinas em pesqueiros da região metropolitana de São Paulo. In: Esteves KE, Sant'Anna CL. (Org.). Pesqueiros sob uma visão integrada de meio ambiente, saúde pública e manejo. São Carlos: Rima2006. p. 105-120Sant'anna, C.L., Azevedo, M.T.D., Contribution to the knowledge of potentially toxic Cyanobacteria from Brazil (2000) Nova Hedwigia, 71 (3-4), pp. 359-385Landsberg, J.H., The effects of harmful algal blooms on aquatic organisms (2002) Reviews in Fisheries Science, 10 (2), pp. 113-390Hoffman, J.R.H., Removal of Microcystis toxins in water purification process (1976) Water S.A, 2 (2), pp. 58-60Keijola, A.M., Himberg, K., Esala, A.L., Sivonen, K., Hiisvirta, L., Removal of cyanobacterial toxins in water-treatment processes - laboratory and pilot-scale experiments (1988) Toxicity Assessment, 3 (5), pp. 643-656Falconer, I.R., Runnegar, M.T.C., Buckley, T., Huyn, V.L., Bradshaw, P., Use of powdered and granular activated carbon to remove toxicity from drinking water containing cyanobacterial toxins (1989) Journal American Water Works Association, 18 (2), pp. 102-105Himberg, K., Keijola, A.M., Hiisvirta, L., Pyysalo, H., Sivonen, K., The effect of water treatment processes on the removal of hepatotoxins from Microcystis and Oscillatoria cyanobacteria: A laboratory study (1988) Water Research, 23 (8), pp. 979-984Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior do Brasil (2005) Importation and exportation of activated carbon from Brazil, , http://aliceweb.desenvolvimento.gov.br, BRASIL, Available from:, Accessed on: JanuaryMatthiensen, A., Beattie, K.A., Yunes, J.S., Kaya, K., Codd, G.A., D-Leu(1) microcystin-LR, from the cyanobacterium Microcystis RST 9501 and from a Microcystis bloom in the Patos Lagoon estuary, Brazil (2000) Phytochemistry, 55 (5), pp. 383-387Oliveira, A.C.R., Magalhães, S.V.F., Soares, R.M., Azevedo, S.M.F.O., Influence of drinking water composition on quantitation and biological activity of dissolved microcystin (Cyanotoxin) (2005) Environmental toxicology, 20 (2), pp. 126-130Albuquerque-Jr, E.C., Mendez, M.O., Coutinho, A.R., Franco, T.T., Production and characterization of activated carbon from Brazilian agricultural residues (2005) Proceedings of the third Brazilian Carbono Congress, pp. 401-410. , Castro AT ed, November 7-11Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Department of Science and Thecnology and Thecnological Center of the Brazilian Army;Webb, P.A., Orr, C., Surface area and pore structure by gas adsorption (1997) Analytical methods in fine particle technology, , Atlanta: Micromeritics Instrument Corp. Atlanta;, 301 pKuroda EK, Albuquerque-Jr EC, Di Bernardo L, Trofino JC. Caracteriza&ão e escolha do tipo de carvão ativado a ser empregado no tratamento de aguas contendo microcistinas. In: Brazilian Association of Sanitation and Environmental Engineering (ed.). Brazilian Environmental Sanitation: utopia or reality? Proceedings of the twentieth third Brazilian Congrees of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering2005 18-23Mato Grosso, Brazil. Campo Grande: Brazilian Association of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering2005. p. 1-10Albuquerque-Jr EC, Melo LFC, Franco TT. Use of solid-phase extraction, high-performance liquid chromatography, and MALDI-TOF identification for [D-Leu1]MCYST-LR analysis in treated water: Validation of the analytical methodology. Canadian Journal of Analytical Sciences & Spectroscopy. 200752(1). (in press)Ruthven, D.M., Goddard, M., Sorption and diffusion of C-8 aromatic-hydrocarbons in faujasite type zeolites. 1. equilibrium isotherms and separation factors (1986) Zeolites, 6 (4), pp. 275-282Ho, Y.S., McKay, G., Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes (1999) Process. Biochem, 34 (5), pp. 451-465Ho, Y.S., McKay, G., Kinetic models for the sorption of dye from aqueous solution by wood (1998) J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B: Process Safety Environ. Protect, 76 (B2), pp. 183-191Low, M.J.D., Kinetics of chemisorption of gases on solids (1960) Chem. Rev, 60 (3), pp. 267-312Chien, S.H., Clayton, W.R., Application of Elovich equation to the kinetics of phosphate release and sorption in soils (1980) Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J, 44 (2), pp. 265-268Santos, E.S., Guirardello, R., Franco, T.T., Preparative chromatography of xylanase using expanded bed adsorption (2002) Journal of chromatography A, 944 (1-2), pp. 217-224Barros, M.A.S.D., Zola, A.S., Arroyo, P.A., Aguiar, E.F.S., Tavares, C.R.G., Equilibrium and dynamic ion exchange studies of Cr3+ on zeolites NaA and NaX (2002) Acta Scientiarum, 24 (6), pp. 1619-1625Geankoplis, C.J., (2003) Transport Processes and Separation Process Principles, , 4 ed. USA: PTR Prentice Hall;Quinlivan, P.A., Li, L., Knappe, D.R.U., Effects of activated carbon characteristics on the simultaneous adsorption of aqueous organic micropollutants and natural organic matter (2005) Water Research, 39 (8), pp. 1663-1673Donati, C., Drikas, M., Hayes, R., Newcombe, G., Microcystin-LR adsorption by powdered activated carbon (1994) Water Research, 28 (8), pp. 1735-1742Pendleton, P., Schumann, R., Wong, S.H., Microcystin-LR adsorption by activated carbon (2001) Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 240 (1), pp. 1-8Toles, C.A., Marshall, W.E., Johns, M.M., Surface functional groups on acid-activated nutshell carbons (1999) Carbon, 37 (8), pp. 1207-1214Mcdermott, C.M., Feola, R., Plude, J., Detection of cyanobacterial toxins (microcystins) in waters of northeastern Wisconsin by a new immunoassay technique (1995) Toxicon, 33 (11), pp. 1433-1442Ueno, Y., Nagata, S., Tsutsumi, T., Hasegawa, A., Yoshida, F., Suttajit, M., Mebs, D., Vasconcelos, V., Survey of microcystins in environmental water by a highly sensitive immunoassay based on monoclonal antibody (1996) Natural toxins, 4 (6), pp. 271-276Sivonen, K., Jones, G., Cyanobacterial toxins (1999) Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water, pp. 55-124. , A guide to their public health consequences, monitoring and management, and, ed, Routledge, UK: E&FN Spon;Robillot, C., Vinh, J., Puiseux-Dao, S., Hennion, M.C., Hepatotoxin Production Kinetics of the Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7820, as Determined by HPLC-Mass Spectrometry and Protein Phosphatase Bioassay (2000) Environmental Science & Technology, 34 (16), pp. 3372-3378Pyo, D., Moon, D., Adsorption of microcystin LR by activated carbon fibers (2005) Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 26 (12), pp. 2089-2092Yan, H., Gong, A., He, H., Zhou, J., Wei, Y., Lv, L., Adsorption of microcystins by carbon nanotubes (2006) Chemosphere, 62 (1), pp. 142-148Mohamed, Z.A., Carmichael, W.W., An, J., El-Sharouny, H.M., Activated carbon removal efficiency of microcystins in an aqueous cell extract of Microcystis aeruginosa and Oscillatoria tenuis strains isolated from Egyptian freshwaters (1999) Environmental toxicology, 14 (1), pp. 197-20

A Scoping Review of Digital Gaming Research Involving Older Adults Aged 85 and Older

Background: Interest in the use of digital game technologies by older adults is growing across disciplines from health and gerontology to computer science and game studies. The objective of this scoping review was to examine research evidence involving the oldest old (persons 85 years of age or greater) and digital game technology. Materials and Methods: PubMed, CINHAL, and Scopus were searched, and 46 articles were included in this review. Results: Results highlighted that 60 percent of articles were published in gerontological journals, whereas only 8.7 percent were published in computer science journals. No studies focused directly on the oldest old population. Few studies included sample sizes greater than 100 participants. Seven primary and 34 secondary themes were identified, of which Hardware Technology and Assessment were the most common. Conclusions: Existing evidence demonstrates the paucity of studies engaging older adults 85 years of age and above regarding the use of digital gaming and highlights a new understudied cohort for further research focus. Recommendations for future research include intentional recruitment and proportionate representation of participants ≥85 years of age, large sample sizes, and explicit mention of specific numbers of participants ≥85 years of age, which are necessary to advance knowledge in this area. Integrating a rigorous and robust mixed-methods approach including theoretical perspectives would lend itself to further in-depth understanding and knowledge generation in this field

Nevoid Basal-cell Syndrome: Literature Review And Case Report In A Family.

The Nevoid Basal-Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (NBCC), or as it is also referred to, basal-cell nevus syndrome or Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, is characterized by multiple early-appearing basal cell carcinomas, keratocytosis of the mandible, and anomalies of the ocular, skeletal reproductive system. We describe four patients in the same family, all of them possessing a large number of skin tumors associated with other typical clinical and X-Ray anomalies of NBCC. The definitive treatment of NBCC has yet to be established, however, early diagnosis is very important as well as the periodical follow-up examination of ten patients, mainly due to the transformations in the skin lesions that may occur.113391792

Exchange narrowing of NMR line shapes in randomly diluted magnetic systems

An analysis of 19F NMR linewidths in the randomly diluted magnetic system KMnxMg1-xF3 is presented. It is shown that good agreement with measured linewidths can be obtained if in the usual asymptotic spin-diffusion assumption for the spin autocorrelation function 〈Siα(τ)Siα(0)〉avατ-d(x)/2, d(x) is taken to be independent of x above the percolation concentration. Experimental results in the system KNixMg1-xF3 are also presented. These data exhibit striking differences with the behavior of isostructural KMnxMg1-xF3 whose origin is discussed

One Dimensional Oxygen Ordering in YBa2Cu3O(7-delta)

A model consisting of oxygen-occupied and -vacant chains is considered, with repulsive first and second nearest-neighbor interactions V1 and V2, respectively. The statistical mechanics and the diffraction spectrum of the model is solved exactly and analytically with the only assumption V1 >> V2. At temperatures T ~ V1 only a broad maximum at (1/2,0,0) is present, while for ABS(delta - 1/2) > 1/14 at low enough T, the peak splits into two. The simple expression for the diffraction intensity obtained for T << V1 represents in a more compact form previous results of Khachaturyan and Morris[1],extends them to all delta and T/V2 and leads to a good agreement with experiment. [1] A.G.Khachaturyan and J.W.Morris, Jr., Phys.Rev.Lett. 64,76(1990)Comment: 13 pages,Revtex,3 figures available upon request but can be plotted using simple analytical functions,CNEA-CAB 92/04

Inclusive electron scattering in a relativistic Green function approach

A relativistic Green function approach to the inclusive quasielastic (e,e') scattering is presented. The single particle Green function is expanded in terms of the eigenfunctions of the nonhermitian optical potential. This allows one to treat final state interactions consistently in the inclusive and in the exclusive reactions. Numerical results for the response functions and the cross sections for different target nuclei and in a wide range of kinematics are presented and discussed in comparison with experimental data.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, REVTeX