IR Bismuth active centers in optical fibers: Combined excitation-emission spectroscopy

3D excitation-emission luminescence spectra of Bi-doped optical fibers of various compositions were measured in a wide wavelength range 450-1700 nm. Such luminescence spectra were obtained for Bi-doped pure silica and germania fibers, and for Bi-doped Al- or P-codoped silica fibers (at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures). The energy level schemes of IR bismuth active centers in pure silica and germania core fibers were derived from spectra obtained. The energy level schemes similarity of bismuth active centers in these two types of fibers was revealed.Comment: 12pages, 7 figures, 5 table

Investigation of Ethidium Bromide Interaction with <i>Yersinia</i> Bacterial Cells in Lyophilized/Rehydrated Preparations

Investigated was ethidium bromide interaction with the cells of avirulent Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis strains in lyophilized/rehydrated preparations. The population heterogeneity regarding particle size and concentration of nucleic acid was identified by flow cytofluorimetry and registration of total fluorescence intensity. Shown was the correlation between concentration of colony-forming units (CFU) and fluorescence increase after supplementing suspension with cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide. This approach was suggested as the express method to estimate viable cell count in lyophilized/rehydrated preparations and to control the process of preparing and storage of collection strains, dry live vaccine and probiotic preparations of gramnegative bacteria

Identification of Immunological Correlates of Protection during Development of Specific Immunity to <i>Francisella tularensis</i>

Live tularemia vaccine is one of the most effective bacterial vaccines. However, it also has high residual virulence for laboratory animals and may cause adverse reactions in individuals with compromised immune systems. The development of a safe and effective tularemia vaccine is impeded by insufficient understanding of the protection correlates. The aim of this work is to review the literature on the development of post-vaccinal immune responses to live tularemia vaccines and recombinant vaccine candidate strains and to determine the immunological correlates of protection in the formation of specific immunity to Francisella tularensis. This review describes the main aspects of the development of innate and adaptive immune responses to the administration of live tularemia vaccines based on attenuated strains of F. tularensis 15 NIIEG and F. tularensis LVS in humans and in experimental tularemia infection in a mouse model. Studying the mechanisms of adaptive immunity and identifying immunological correlates of protection in experimental tularemia in a murine model is crucial for researching new vaccine strains and improving laboratory methods for assessing the T-cell component of immunity. The main focus is on the study of cellular mechanisms underlying the formation of protective immunity in experimental tularemia, the determination of immunological criteria for its evaluation and the role of identified indicators in long-term protection after the end of the active phase of the immune response induced by immunization with vaccines based on attenuated F. tularensis strains. We discuss the effects of vaccination on the differentiation, functional activity, and duration of specific central and effector CD4+ and CD8+ memory T-cells circulation in humans and mice

Postoperative prolonged infiltration anesthesia for multimodal perioperative pain management in patients with hip replacement arthroplasty

ТАЗОБЕДРЕННЫЙ СУСТАВ /ХИРТОТАЛЬНОЕ ЭНДОПРОТЕЗИРОВАНИЕАНЕСТЕЗИЯ ЭПИДУРАЛЬНАЯАНЕСТЕЗИЯ МЕСТНАЯАНЕСТЕЗИЯ ИНФИЛЬТРАЦИОННАЯРОПИВАКАИНА ГИДРОХЛОРИДМИКРОИНФУЗИОННАЯ ПОМПАЦель. Улучшить эффективность мультимодального периоперационного обезболивания у пациентов при тотальном эндопротезировании тазобедренного сустава за счет применения послеоперационной пролонгированной инфильтрационной анестезии области оперативного вмешательства. Материал и методы. Проведен проспективный сравнительный анализ результатов лечения 78 пациентов, которым было выполнено первичное тотальное эндопротезирование тазобедренного сустава. Пациенты были разделены на две группы: в первой группе в послеоперационном периоде использовали продленную эпидуральную анальгезию, во второй группе применяли пролонгированную 24-часовую инфильтрационную анестезию области операции введением 0,2% раствора ропивакаина гидрохлорида с помощью микроинфузионной помпы с постоянной скоростью 8 мл/час. У всех пациентов анализировали выраженность болевого синдрома, уровень плазменной концентрации кортизола, уровень гликемии. Также оценивали расход тримеперидина и время начала активизации пациентов. Оценку проводили за 24 часа до операции, а также через 6 и 24 часа после нее. Результаты. Через 24 часа после операции в первой и второй группах выраженность боли по шкале ВАШ составила 2,2±0,35 и 1,5±0,42 балла соответственно; уровень плазменного кортизола составил 768,5±45,8 нмоль/л и 584,6±54,2 нмоль/л соответственно; уровень концентрации глюкозы в крови составил 7,03±0,34 ммоль/л и 5,91±0,27 ммоль/л соответственно. Количество использованного тримеперидина за первые 24 часа после операции в первой и второй группах составило 38,6±2,95 мг и 21,3±3,17 мг соответственно. Первое присаживание и вертикализацию пациентов в первой группе осуществляли через 24,8±2,4 и 28±1,4 часа, во второй клинической группе – через 4,5±0,5 и 6,3±0,7 часа соответственно. Заключение. Применение пролонгированной инфильтрационной анестезии позволило на 46,7% эффективнее купировать болевой синдром, на 55,2% снизить количество требуемого тримеперидина в течение первых суток после операции и на 20,3±1,4 часа раньше начать активизацию пациентов по сравнению с продленной эпидуральной анестезией.Objective. To improve the efficiency of multimodal perioperative pain management in patients in case of the hip replacement arthroplasty using postoperative prolonged infiltration anesthesia in the area of surgical intervention. Methods. A prospective comparative analysis of the treatment results of 78 patients underwent the primary hip replacement arthroplasty was performed. The patients were divided into two groups: (1) the first group of patients was treated with prolonged epidural analgesia in the postoperative period, while (2) in the second group, the patients were treated with prolonged 24-hour infiltration anesthesia at the area of the surgical intervention by 0.2% of the ropivacaine hydrochloride solution, administered using microinfusion pump with a constant rate of 8 ml per hour. All patients were assessed for intensity of the pain syndrome, plasma concentrations of the cortisol and blood glucose levels. Also, trimeperidine consumption rate and the start of patient’s activity were assessed. The evaluation was conducted 24 hours prior to the surgical intervention, as well as 6 and 24 hours after. Results. 24 hours after the surgery, the pain intensity scores assessed by the VAS were 2.2±0.35 and 1.5±0.42 points in the first and second clinical groups, respectively; the cortisol plasma levels 24 hours after the surgical intervention were 768.5±45.8 nmol/l and 584.6±54.2 nmol/l in the first and second clinical groups, respectively; the blood glucose levels after the surgical intervention were 7.03±0.34 mmol/l and 5.91±0.27 mmol/l in the first and second clinical groups, respectively. Trimeperidine consumption rates for the first 24 hours after the surgical intervention were 38.6±2.95 mg and 21.3±3.17 mg in the first and second clinical groups, respectively. The first sitting and complete verticalization of patients in the first group were performed in 24.8±2.4 and 28±1.4 hours, while in the second clinical group, these activities were performed in 4.5±0.5 and 6.3±0.7 hours respectively. Conclusions. The use of the prolonged infiltration anesthesia allowed by 46.7% more effectively arresting pain syndrome, by 55.2% reducing trimeperidine consumption rate for the first 24 hours after the surgical intervention and by 20.3±1.4 hours earlier starting activation of patients if compared to the prolonged epidural analgesia

Immunogram in the infectiologist's practice.

The article deals with problems of determination of indications for assignment of an immunogram to children with infectious pathology for the purpose of early detection of immunodeficiency. The analysis of a research of frequency of occurrence of insufficiency on three main links of immunity among patients of a children's infectious hospital and the analysis of immunograms of these patients are represented.В статье рассмотрены проблемы определения показаний для назначения детям с инфекционной патологией иммунограммы с целью раннего выявления иммунодефицитных состояний. Отражены результаты исследования частоты встречаемости недостаточности по трем основным звеньям иммунитета среди пациент ов детского инфекционного стационара, представлен анализ иммунограмм данных пациентов

Alteration of Effector Activity of T-Lymphocytes in Mice Immunized against Tularemia, Using <I>in vitro</I> Stimulation by Tularin

lymphocytes) isolated from mice, immunized against tularemia. Put forward is the proposition to use tularin in serological surveys and reactions in vitro for identification of postinfectious or postvaccinal immunity to tularemia

Evaluation of the long-term memory T cell in mice after immunization with a live tularemia vaccine

The vaccine strain F. tularensis 15 NIIEG induces long-lived cell-mediated immunity but exhibits a certain reactogenicity and genetic instability. Progress in development of a vaccine against tularemia has been limited by a lack of information regarding the mechanisms required to protect against this disease. The BALB/c mouse is the most commonly used animal to study tularemia due to its relatively low cost, well-characterized genetics, available immunological tools and mouse infection with virulent F. tularensis recapitulates human disease.CD4+ and CD8+T cells are known to be critical for the formation of protective immunity but the relative roles of memory T cell subpopulations in long lived protection against virulent strains of F. tularensis are not well established. We hypothesized that this immunity depends on central (TCM) and effector memory (TEM) T cells and their functional activity. In this study we have dissected the T cell immune response in BALB/c mice 30, 60 and 90 days after subcutaneous vaccination with 15 NIIEG.Multiparametric flow cytometry were used to characterize in vitro recall responses of splenocytes to F. tularensis antigen. TEM cells were identified as CD3+CD4+CD44+CD62L- and CD3+CD8+CD44+CD62L-, TCM cells as CD3+CD4+CD44+CD62L+ and CD3+CD8+CD44+CD62L+, respectively. The functional activity of memory T cells was assessed by the following parameters: the level of expression of the activation marker CD69 and cytokine-producing activity by staining with the intracellular cytokines IFNg and TNFa.Thus, development of a long-lived vaccine directed against F. tularensis is dependent on identifying not only the correlates of immunity present early after vaccination, but also those that persist in the host after the effector phase has ended. The maintenance of long-term protective immunity initiated by vaccination with F. tularensis strain 15 NIIEG has been shown to require the presence of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells producing IFNg and TNFa and expressing the activation marker CD69. A decrease in count and functional activity of CD8+TCM and CD8+TEM was detected in the long term after vaccination. The detected parameters of functional activity of memory T cells can be used as criteria for evaluation of protective immunity against virulent strains of F. tularensis

Absence of linear polarization in Halpha emission of solar flares

High sensitivity observations of Halpha polarization of 30 flares of different sizes and disk positions are reported. Both filter and spectrographic techniques have been used. The ZIMPOL system eliminates spurious polarizations due to seeing and flat-field effects. We didn't find any clear linear polarization signature above our sensitivity level which was usually better than 0.1%. The observations include an X17.1 flare with gamma-ray lines reported by the RHESSI satellite. These results cast serious doubts on previous claims of linear polarization at the one percent level and more, attributed to impact polarization. The absence of linear polarization limits the anisotropy of energetic protons in the H$\alpha$ emitting region. The likely causes are isotropization by collisions with neutrals in the chromosphere and defocusing by the converging magnetic field.Comment: to be published in A&A, 8 pages, 6 figure

Monoclonal Antibodies Capable of Inhibiting the Interaction of the Receptor Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 Virus with the Angiotensin-Converting Receptor 2 of Human Cells

The aim of the work was to evaluate the ability of monoclonal antibodies to inhibit the interaction of the receptor binding domain (RBD) in S protein of SARS-CoV-2 virus variants, Wuhan-Hu-1 and BQ 1.1, with the angiotensin-converting receptor 2 (ACE2). Materials and methods. In this study, recombinant RBDs of Wuhan-Hu-1 and BQ 1.1 variants were used as antigens. For mouse monoclonal antibody (mMCA) production, hybridomas were cultured in vivo in BALB/c mice. mMCAs were isolated from ascitic fluid by ammonium sulfate treatment followed by purification through column affinity chromatography with Protein G Sepharose sorbent. The specific activity of mMCAs was assessed by immunoblot with recombinant RBD of Wuhan-Hu-1 variant. To identify the most promising mMCA, the neutralizing activity of mMCA was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) via immobilizing RBD on the surface of a microplate and using ACE2 in the form of horseradish peroxidase conjugate. Recombinant antigens were produced in ExpiCHO-S cell line (Gibco, USA). Results and discussion. Three mMCAs have been described as a result of the study: 5C3, 3F11, 1E6. All antibodies belong to immunoglobulins of subclass G and specifically interact with the RBD in S protein of SARS-CoV-2 virus. The most effective inhibition of the interaction between ACE2 and the RBD of BQ 1.1 strain was observed for murine MCA 3F11 (65 %), while the interaction with the RBD of Wuhan-Hu-1 strain was inhibited by mMCA 5C3 (91 %). The identified characteristics allow for considering the antibodies as potential candidates for the development of antibody-based therapeutics, thus expanding the possibilities of therapy for SARS-CoV-2 virus infection