ANTI-MICROBIAL EVALUATION OF NEW THIAZOLO PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES

Twelve new heterocyclic compounds containing thiazolo pyrimidine moiety were thus synthesized.. Compound 2 was synthesized by reaction of α-amino naphthol 1 with potassium isothiocyanate. Reaction of compound 2 with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid afforded the corresponding diazonuim salt 3, which converted to 2-hydrazino thiazolo derivatives 4. Compound 2 carried out to synthesize imidazolo thiazolo derivative 5, 6 and thiazolo pyrimidino derivative 7, 8 and 9 respectively. Compound 4 was carried out to synthesize of compound 10. Compound 10 was carried out to synthesize of triazolo thiazolo and thiadiazolo derivatives 11 and 12 respectively. The structures of all newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR and mass spectral data. The assignments of the new products were tested for Anti-microbial activities. Results are suggesting thiazolo pyrimidine derivatives emerge as valuable compounds with great potential to be used as antibacterial and antifungal agents, and as promising candidates for further efficiency evaluation. The detailed synthesis, spectroscopic data and Anti-microbial activities are reported

Treatability Study of Car Wash Wastewater Using Upgraded Physical Technique with Sustainable Flocculant

Grease, oil, hydrocarbon residues, heavy metals, and surfactants are all present in car wash wastewater (CWW), which all can have detrimental effects on the environment and human health. This study was designed to assess CWW treatment using an upgraded physical technique combined with a range of conventional and more sustainable coagulants. Physical treatment effectively lowered the oil and grease (O&G) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the CWW by 79 ± 15% and 97 ± 1.6%, respectively. Additional treatment was provided using chemical coagulation–flocculation– settling. In jar test studies, humic acid (HA) and alum were found to provide significantly higher turbidity removal, 79.2 ± 3.1% and 69.8 ± 8.0%, respectively, than anionic polyacrylamide (APA), 7.9 ± 5.6% under influent turbidity values from 89 to 1000 NTU. Overall physical/chemical treatment of CWW yielded 97.3 ± 0.8% COD removal, and 99.2 ± 0.4% O&G removal using HA and alum. Due to the numerous problems created when using synthetic coagulants, naturally occurring coagulants that have no impact on human health, such as HA, are highly desirable options. The findings of this study show that treating CWW provides several advantages for sustainable development, health and well-being, and raising public knowledge and support for water reuse

Computer-Based Stereoscopic Parts Recognition for Robotic Applications

Most of robotic handling and assembly operations are based on sensors such as range and touch sensors. In certain circumstances, such as in the presence of ionizing radiation where most customary sensors will degrade over time due to radiation exposure, these sensors won\u27t function properly. Utilizing two or more cameras (stereo vision) located outside the target zone and analyzing their images to identify location and dimensions of parts within the robot workspace is an alternative for using sensors. Object Recognition is affected by the light condition which oftentimes causes the gray-scale or red, green, and blue values to have a relatively small dynamic range. With this small dynamic range, edge detection algorithms fail to detect the proper edges and therefore cause improper image segmentation. To tackle this problem, a transformation on the (r,g,b) values of the pixels is introduced and applied prior to the edge detection and segmentation process. A stereoscopic computer vision system with multiple cameras is then used to compute the distance of the object from the origin of a global Euclidean coordinate system with high resolution. As an application of computer vision, a classifier for testing remote solar panels for cleanness condition, and performing cleaning when necessary, is introduced. A classification algorithm consisting of: the classification vector, the metric used, the training of the classifier, the testing of the classifier, and the classifier is put into play for everyday use. A smart cleaning robot is being designed based on this system to perform the cleaning autonomously when necessary. Another application of computer vision is inspecting the degree of air pollution. A real time classification algorithm that uses a quantization algorithm based on prior calibration is applied to evaluate the quality of air. The intelligent system, based on this algorithm, classifies the air using a numeric system from 1 to 10 which is then transformed to a qualitative scale

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF DISPERSED PERMETHRIN PRONIOSOMES IN POWDER AND MICROEMULSION-BASED HYDROGEL BASES FOR THE TREATMENT OF SCABIES

Objective: This study is aimed to encapsulation of permethrin in proniosomes and formulation and evaluation of dispersed permethrin in powder and micro emulsion-based hydrogel bases.Methods: Permethrin proniosomes were prepared by modified slurry method using Brij 97, cholesterol, aerosil 200 and drug in different weight ratios, and using two different solvents. The prepared proniosomes were characterized for particle size, shape, flow characteristics, entrapment efficiency.Results: The studies demonstrated successful preparation of permethrin proniosomes. The effect of using different weight ratios of Drug: Brij 97: Cholesterol and different solvents on entrapment efficiency were studied. The best proniosomes showed entrapment efficiency percent of 55.58%±1.451 for permethrin and zero residual solvents. Such formula was incorporated in a topical powder and micro emulsion-based hydrogel basis and evaluated through particle size, drug content, stability, and clinical trials for efficacy on sarcoptic mite infestation in sheep and rabbits.Conclusion: Permethrin 5 % micro emulsion-based hydrogel proved to be homogenous, stable, and clinically effective, compared with the topical powder that was unstable under accelerated stability conditions

Localized Algorithm for Segregation of Critical/Non-critical Nodes in Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

AbstractTimely segregation of connectivity-centric critical/non-critical nodes is extremely crucial in mobile ad hoc and sensor networks to assess network vulnerabilities against critical node failures and provide precautionary means for survivability. This paper presents a localized algorithm for segregation of critical/non-critical nodes (LASCNN) that opts to distinguish critical/non-critical nodes to the network connectivity based on limited topology information. Each node establishes and maintains a k-hop connection list and employ LASCNN to determine whether it is critical/non- critical. Based on the list, LASCNN marks a node as critical if its k-hop neighbor's become disconnected without the node, non-critical otherwise. Simulation experiments demonstrate the scalability of LASCNN and shows the performance is quite competitive compared to a scheme with global network information. The accuracy of LASCNN in determining critical nodes is 87% (1-hop) and 93% (2-hop) and non-critical nodes 91% (1-hop) and 93% (2-hop)

In vitro Anti-Leishmania Activity and Safety of Newly Synthesized Thiazolo Pyrimidine Derivatives Augmented with Interleukine-12 (IL-12) in BALB/c Mice Experimentally- Infected with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Purpose: To synthesize a series of novel thiazolo pyrimidine derivatives and evaluate them in vitro and in vivo for their safety and anti-leishmanial activity using BALB/c mice.Methods: Substituted pyrazolopyrimidine and pyrazolopyrazole were synthesized by reacting amino group of 2-amino-4-cyano-pyrazol]naphthalino[1,2-d]thiazole with a variety of formamide or hydrazine hydrate. The synthesized compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and mass spectroscopy (MS). The purity of the compounds was determined by elemental analysis. Safety and anti-leishmanial activity of the compounds were determined in vitro by i) viability assessment of leishmania-infected macrophages, relative abundance of IL-12p40 mRNA gene expression and levels of IL10 /IL-12 determination in supernatants of cultured macrophages treated with 2.5 and 10 μM of the compounds, using microscope cell counting, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. ii) cytotoxicity of the compounds evaluated by determination the safety index as IC50 of the compound in macrophages/IC50 of the compound in amastigotes. iii) bioassay at 16 weeks post-infection of mice treated with the reference drug, the tested compound alone and both the compound with IL-12. Disease progression and footpad thickness were evaluated regularly during treatment.Results: Compound 4 emerged as the most active anti-protozoal compound of the series against Leishmania viability (activity 60 %) compared with the reference drug (activity 65 %). When it was combined with IL-12, the activity reached 90 %.Conclusion: Compound 4 can serve as a lead molecule for further development to a clinically useful novel class of agents.Keywords: Thiazolopyrimidine, Synthesis, Leishmaniasis, Mice, Immunotherap

MENTHA PIPERITA L. - A PROMISING DENTAL CARE HERB MAINLY AGAINST CARIOGENIC BACTERIA

Oral diseases are considered from the major health problems and are not limited to dental caries and periodontal diseases but to various autoimmune conditions. Its ayurvedic therapy includes different plants used in management of toothache, sore throat, mouth sores, abscess, broken tooth and jaw, tooth sensitivity, mouth thrush, dental caries, gingivitis, tooth bleaching, dental anxiety, dental phobia and plants used for dental extraction. Peppermint (Menthapiperita L.), a sterile hybrid of the species M. aquatica L. and M. spicata, L. is considered one of the important aromatic herbs containing high amount of volatile oil used in dental care. The peppermint leaves have a characteristic, aromatic, strong odor and an aromatic, warm, pungent taste followed by a cooling sensation.The medicinal parts are the essential oil extracted from the aerial parts of the flowering plant, the dried leaves, the fresh flowering plant and the whole plant. M. piperita L. is a perennial 50–90 cm high, normally quadrangular and a prototypical member of the mint family. The essential oil of M.piperita L.leaves is characterized by the presence of high percent of menthol (29-48%) in addition tomenthone (20-31%), and the different isomers of menthol in addition to other constituents. M. piperita L. is one of most promising species with antibacterial potential against cariogenic bacteria as Streptococcus mutans. Peppermint oil and leaves posses several other biological effects as antiseptic in oral preparations, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant and antispasmodic effects. It is also used as a flavoringagent in food and pharmaceutical industry and oral preparations.                             Peer Review History:  Received 5 July 2019;   Revised 9 July; Accepted 14 July, Available online 15 July 2019 Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia,  Indonesia, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Rana Ahmed MohamedEl-Saied El-Fitiany, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt, [email protected] Prof. Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, [email protected] Similar Articles: CAUSES FOR EXTRACTION OF PERMANENT TEETH IN GENERAL DENTAL PRACTICES IN YEMEN   Article is cited by: A Review on Impact of Medicinal Plants on the Treatment of Oral and Dental Diseases. Balakrishnan Arumugam, Arunambiga Subramaniam, Praveena Alagaraj. Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry(Formerly Current Medicinal Chemistry - Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents), Volume 18 , Issue 2 , 2020. Pubmed Role of Herbal Medicine in Oral and Dental Health; Ethnopharmacological Study of Medicinal Plants in Iraq/Baghdad. Humam M. Al-Somaiday, Manar E. Al-Samaray, & Ali Al-Samydai.  International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020; 11(1), 553-560.Pubme

THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF NIGELLA SATIVA AGAINST MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA ISOLATED FROM DIABETIC WOUND INFECTIONS

Thirty-five specimens were isolated from diabetic patients with superficial and deep wounds. The isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were selected from cetrimide agar plates supplemented with nalidixic acid.P. aeruginosawere subjected to in vitro evaluation of antibiotic sensitivity test using antibiotics from different classes. Multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRPA) were selected for further tests and multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR)index was calculated. Eleven commercial essential oils (EOs) were chosen to evaluate their activities as antimicrobial agents against MDRPA. The sensitivity was determined using agar disc diffusion method. The black seed oil (Nigella sativa) showed a wide spectrum of inhibition against MDRPA3. The characterization of Nigella sativa was conducted by GC-MS and FT-IR which showed the antibacterial activity and safety of this oil.&nbsp

Effect of Blast Loading on Seismically Detailed RC Columns and Buildings

Explosions caused by standoff charges near buildings have drastic effects on the internal and external structural elements which can cause loss of life and fatal injuries in case of failure or collapse of the structural element. Providing structural elements with blast resistance is therefore gaining increasing importance. This paper presents numerical investigation of RC columns with different reinforcement detailing subjected to near-field explosions. Detailed finite element models are made using LS-DYNA software package for several columns having seismic and conventional reinforcement detailing which were previously tested under blast loads. The numerical results show agreement with the published experimental results regarding displacements and damage pattern. Seismic detailing of columns enhances the failure shape of the column and decrease the displacement values compared to columns with conventional reinforcement detailing. Further, the effect of several modeling parameters are studied such as mesh sensitivity analysis, inclusion of air medium and erosion values on the displacements and damage pattern. The results show that decreasing the mesh size, increasing erosion value and inclusion of air region provide results that are very close to experimental results. Additionally, application is made on a slab-column multistory building provided with protective walls having different connection details subjected to blast loads. The results of this study are presented and discussed. Use of a top and bottom floor slab connection of protective RC walls are better than using the full connection at the four sides to the adjacent columns and slabs. This leads to minimizing the distortion and failure of column, and therefore it increases the chance of saving the building from collapse and saving human lives. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091733 Full Text: PD