Isolation and Identification of Bacteria in the Rotifer Mass Culture Medium

The objectives of this study are to isolate, to identify and to determine the dominant bacteria in the rotifer (brachionus rotundiformis) culture medium. Stages of the method done were by isolating bacteria in the initial uptake condition and final condition of rotifer population, total bacterial analysis, biochemical tests and water quality. Availability of substrate (raw fish) collected at the base trigger an increase in the number of bacteria to 2.7 X 104 CFU / mL. It is identified that 97 isolates are Halococcus sp bacterial which are kemoheterotrof. The species that are able to survive during the cycle density on rotifer mass culture medium is H. saccharolyticus with a percentage of 54.6%. Keywords: bacterial identification, rotten fish, halococcus sp., rotifers, water qualit

Corporate Governance in the Financial Sector of Pakistan

La Porta et al. (1998) assign Pakistan, a common-law country, the maximum score of 5 for their anti-director rights index. Pakistan should therefore be a country with good investor protection attracting large amounts of investments. However, the reality could not be more different. Pakistan has been lagging behind other, comparable Asian economies in terms of incoming foreign direct investment as well as GDP-per-capita growth. This paper focuses on the Pakistani banking sector. The paper analyses the banks ownership and control structure. It finds that Pakistan has its own idiosyncrasies, which are difficult to associate with La Porta et al.s characterisation of corporate governance and investor protection in common-law countries. The paper also reviews the recent reforms of corporate governance.Corporate governance, corporate control, Banks, Pakistan, Emerging Markets, investor protection

Liberating Plastics from Commercial Plastic Products and the Potential Benefits of Pre-conditioning

Recovering plastics from complex consumer products, such as automobile plastic parts, carries different challenges from common recyclable items found with curbside collection. Complex products often consist of multiple plastics in various configurations, and the materials must often be first liberated from one another and then separated. This is usually accomplished using some sort of comminution or size reduction such as grinding, shredding, or crushing. This research investigates whether material type, geometry, and the degree and type of comminution affect the degree of liberation of different plastic materials during two comminution processes (grinding and crushing) and assesses the potential benefits of preconditioning (cryogenic freezing) prior to comminution to improve the recycling of plastic waste. This research found that different materials were not affected by preconditioning, but that under certain conditions, preconditioning weakened the joints connecting the plastics together, made comminution more efficient, improved liberation, and subsequently the potential for increased recovery

Valuation of the Indiana Toll Road and Chicago Skyway privatizations

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2010.Page 5 missing. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-153).This thesis analyzes the economics and financing of the recent purchases of the Indiana Toll Road and Chicago Skyway. Similar privatizations have been occurring around the world, but the economic motive for such transactions has been unclear. The analysis attempts to isolate the costs and benefits of such transactions as the transfer of the asset from public to private owner takes place. I examine whether the privatization would have been financially beneficial for the State of Indiana or the City of Chicago if it did not face budget constraints or political constraints on raising tolls. There seems to be significant disadvantage of such deals absent these constraints. I show this by computing value under various scenarios. After analyzing the results, I conclude by highlighting the policy implications for such privatization deals in future.by Faiza Arshad.M.C.P

Effect of Package Type and Storage Duration on TBA Values of Shredded Eel

This study aims to determine the effect of the type of packaging and storage time at room temperature on the quality of shredded eel (Anguilla sp.) Especially in TBA (Thiobarbituric acid). The main research used the experimental method. Especially to determine the TBA value using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) 3 × 4 factorial and 2 replications. TBA value of shredded eel during storage increased. The results of the analysis with the use of different packages during storage have a very significant effect on the increase in TBA values. The highest TBA value in eel shredded for up to 56 days storage was TBA in plastic jars of 0.3849 mg / kg and the lowest in vacuum plastic packaging of 0.1439 mg / kg. Keywords: packaging; storage time; shredded; eel; Anguilla sp.; TBA; Thiobarbituric aci

Safe Concentration Benzene in Environmental Shoes Home Work Industry Surabaya

Often found in industries, although the concentration of exposure to chemicals in industry was smaller than the chemical threshold value according to the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration of the Republic of Indonesia No. 13 year of 2011 but has had an effect on the workers [1]. The purpose of this study was to determine the safe concentration of benzene in the shoe industry home work environment. The research method used was descriptive qualitative research by describing benzene concentration in work environment, respiration rate of worker, body weight, duration of work per day, frequency of exposure in one year and characteristic of benzene risk to worker. The method used to measure benzene vapor level in the working environment was Flame Ionization Detector chromatography, worker’s weight was measured by needle scales, the respiration rate of the worker was calculated using the formula of weight conversion to the respiration rate; length of work per day, working frequency per year, duration of work and the use of insurance for workers was done by interview. The sample size was 20 people. The data analysis used was descriptive by determining the level of risk of benzene exposure on the worker as well as the safe concentration of benzene in the work environment. The results showed that RQ (Risk Quotient) 60 percent of workers > 1, meaning that 60 percentof workers were not safe to work due to exposure to benzene. Meanwhile, the safe concentration of benzene, 0.3 mg/m3 , was very small compared to the benzene threshold value in the working environment according to the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration of the Republic of Indonesia No. 13 of Year 2011 amounted to 0.5ppm or 1.59 mg/m3 . From the results of the study, it can be concluded that most shoe home industry workers were not safe against exposure to benzene. The safe concentration of benzene in the shoe industry home was 0.3 mg/m3 smaller than 2000 times compared to the benzene threshold value according to the Minister ofManpower and Transmigration of the Republic of Indonesia No. 13 of Year 2011. Keywords: benzene, risk quotient, safe concentration, work environmen

Community Knowledge, Perceptions, and Practices Associated with Urogenital Schistosomiasis among School-Aged Children in Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania

Background: On the Zanzibar islands, United Republic of Tanzania, elimination of urogenital schistosomiasis is strived for in the coming years. This qualitative study aimed to better understand community knowledge, perceptions, and practices associated with schistosomiasis among school-aged children on Unguja and Pemba islands, in order to inform the development of behavior change interventions contributing to eliminate urogenital schistosomiasis. Methodology: In 2011, we conducted 35 children’s discussion groups, 41 in-depth interviews with parents and teachers, and 5 focus group discussions with community members in Zanzibar. Using a modified-grounded theory approach, we transcribed and coded the narrative data followed by thematic analysis of the emergent themes. Principal Findings: Urogenital schistosomiasis is a common experience among children in Zanzibar and typically considered a boys’ disease. Children engage in multiple high-risk behaviors for acquiring schistosomiasis because of poor knowledge on disease transmission, lack of understanding on severity of disease-associated consequences, and lack of alternative options for water related activities of daily living and recreational play. Local primary school teachers had little to no training about the disease and no teaching tools or materials for students. Conclusions/Significance: Conducting activities in open natural freshwater contaminated by S. haematobium larvae compromises the health of school-aged children in Zanzibar. The perception of urogenital schistosomiasis as a minor illness rather than a serious threat to a child’s well-being contributes to the spread of disease. Understanding community perceptions of disease along with the barriers and facilitators to risk reduction behaviors among children can inform health promotion activities, campaigns, and programs for the prevention, control, and elimination of urogenital schistosomiasis in Zanzibar

Taxonomic revision of the genus Scorpiurus L. (Fabaceae)

The morphological and anatomical characteristics of different parts were utilized to reassess the taxonomic status in Scorpiurus L. species naturally growing in Egypt. There were significant differences among the studied species of plants and hence the results clearly showed two distinct species. Based on the studied morphological and anatomical differences S. muricatus L. is differentiated into three different varieties. These are muricatus L., laevigatus (Sibth. & Sm.) Boiss. and subvillosus (L.) Fiori. An artificial key to both species and varieties are provided

Encapsulation of N-containing compounds in a new hydrophilic Cd-based crystalline sponge via coordinative alignment method

The crystalline sponge method (CSM) is a technology which allows precise molecular determination of non-crystalline compounds, without the need to crystallise them independently, by soaking them in a crystalline metal–organic framework (MOF). To expand the CSM to a wider range of guest molecules, the development of a new crystalline sponge is essential. In this study a new Cd-based MOF {[Cd7(4,4′4′′-[1,3,5-benzenetriyltris(carbonylimino)]-trisbenzoato)4(μ3-OH)2(H2O)4(DMF)4]·(solvent)x}n was synthesized and investigated as an alternative crystalline sponge (2). Sponge 2 demonstrated versatility in solvent stability compared to the well-studied [{(ZnI2)3(tris(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine)2·x(CHCl3)}n] (1) and was stable in the presence of polar aprotic, polar protic solvents and Lewis bases. Inclusion complexes with three solvents, acetonitrile, acetone, and isopropanol were prepared. These guest molecules were fixed in the pore via hydrogen bonding confirming the hydrophilic pore environment of sponge 2. Notably, sponge 2 also demonstrated the ability to accommodate N-containing compounds such as pyridine, 3,5-lutidine, and 4-aminopyridine via the coordinative alignment method (CAL). A study was conducted to compare the ability of sponge 2 and related pyridine containing sponge 3 by encapsulating the same pair of guests: N,N-dimethylaniline and propiophenone