Informationsbedarf und -austausch in Netzwerken kleiner und mittelständischer Unternehmen

Untemehmensnetzwerke für kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen werden heute als ein wichtiges Werkzeug für die Erhöhung der Konkurrenzfähigkeit auf Märkten betrachtet. Der Austausch von Informationen ist Kembestandteil solcher Netzwerke. Ein wesentlicher Aspekt des Austausches ist dabei - neben dem Informationsbedarf, der Bereitschaft zur Bereitstellung und der Möglichkeiten zur Auswertung von Informationen - das Ziel, das durch den Informationsaustausch verfolgt wird. In welchem Umfang sich ein Unternehmen in ein Bündnis integriert, wird deshalb maßgeblich durch seine Ziele und die unter diesem Blickwinkel in das Untemehmensnetzwerk gesetzten Nutzenerwartungen bestimmt. Die Organisationsstruktur der Netzwerke ist eng verbunden mit den Zielen, die diese Netze verfolgen. Unter anderem sind die Vorteile einer zentralen gegen die einer dezentralen Verwaltung abzuwägen. Wichtig hierfür sind die Ziele des einzelnen Unternehmens und des Netzwerkes. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht aus theoretischer Sicht, inwieweit sich aus den Untemehmenszielen, speziell kleiner oder mittelständischer Unternehmen, eine Entscheidung für oder gegen den Eintritt in ein Untemehmensnetzwerk ableiten läßt

Creating Digital Coastal Watersheds: The Remote Data Acquisition Network at Bannockburn Plantation, Georgetown County, SC

2008 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Addressing Water Challenges Facing the State and Regio

A Combination of Two Human Monoclonal Antibodies Limits Fetal Damage by Zika Virus in Macaques

Human infection by Zika virus (ZIKV) during pregnancy can lead to vertical transmission and fetal aberrations, including microcephaly. Prophylactic administration of antibodies can diminish or prevent ZIKV infection in animal models, but whether passive immunization can protect nonhuman primates and their fetuses during pregnancy has not been determined. Z004 and Z021 are neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to domain III of the envelope (EDIII) of ZIKV. Together the two antibodies protect nonpregnant macaques against infection even after Fc modifications to prevent antibody-dependent enhancement in vitro (ADE) and extend their half-lives. Here we report on prophylactic co-administration of the Fc-modified antibodies to pregnant rhesus macaques challenged 3 times with ZIKV during first and second trimester. The two antibodies did not entirely eliminate maternal viremia but limited vertical transmission protecting the fetus from neurologic damage. Thus, maternal passive immunization with two antibodies to EDIII can shield primate fetuses from the harmful effects of ZIKV

In-depth exploration of the photophysics of a trinuclear palladium complex

Contains fulltext : 128388.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

The Binding of Factor H to a Complex of Physiological Polyanions and C3b on Cells Is Impaired in Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

Factor H (fH) is essential for complement homeostasis in fluid-phase and on surfaces. Its two C-terminal domains (CCP 19-20) anchor fH to self surfaces where it prevents C3b amplification in a process requiring its N-terminal four domains. In atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), mutations clustering towards the C-terminus of fH may disrupt interactions with surface-associated C3b or polyanions and thereby diminish the ability of fH to regulate complement. To test this we compared a recombinant protein encompassing CCP 19-20 with sixteen mutants. The mutations had only very limited and localized effects on protein structure. While we found four aHUS-linked fH mutations that decreased binding to C3b and/or to heparin (a model compound for cell-surface polyanionic carbohydrates), we identified five aHUS-associated mutants with increased affinity for either or both ligands. Strikingly, these variable affinities for the individual ligands did not correlate with the extent to which all the aHUS-associated mutants were found to be impaired in a more physiological assay that measured their ability to inhibit cell surface complement functions of full-length fH. Taken together, our data suggest that disruption of a complex fH-self surface recognition process, involving a balance of affinities for protein and physiological carbohydrate ligands, predisposes to aHUS

A Combination of Two Human Monoclonal Antibodies Limits Fetal Damage by Zika Virus in Macaques

Human infection by Zika virus (ZIKV) during pregnancy can lead to vertical transmission and fetal aberrations, including microcephaly. Prophylactic administration of antibodies can diminish or prevent ZIKV infection in animal models, but whether passive immunization can protect nonhuman primates and their fetuses during pregnancy has not been determined. Z004 and Z021 are neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to domain III of the envelope (EDIII) of ZIKV. Together the two antibodies protect nonpregnant macaques against infection even after Fc modifications to prevent antibody-dependent enhancement in vitro (ADE) and extend their half-lives. Here we report on prophylactic co-administration of the Fc-modified antibodies to pregnant rhesus macaques challenged 3 times with ZIKV during first and second trimester. The two antibodies did not entirely eliminate maternal viremia but limited vertical transmission protecting the fetus from neurologic damage. Thus, maternal passive immunization with two antibodies to EDIII can shield primate fetuses from the harmful effects of ZIKV

Photochemical dihydrogen production using an analogue of the active site of [NiFe] hydrogenase

The photoproduction of dihydrogen (H2) by a low molecular weight analogue of the active site of [NiFe] hydrogenase has been investigated by the reduction of the [NiFe2] cluster, 1, by a photosensitier PS (PS = [ReCl(CO)3(bpy)] or [Ru(bpy)3][PF6]2). Reductive quenching of the 3MLCT excited state of the photosensitiser by NEt3 or N(CH2CH2OH)3 (TEOA) generates PS•−, and subsequent intermolecular electron transfer to 1 produces the reduced anionic form of 1. Time-resolved infrared spectroscopy (TRIR) has been used to probe the intermediates throughout the reduction of 1 and subsequent photocatalytic H2 production from [HTEOA][BF4], which was monitored by gas chromatography. Two structural isomers of the reduced form of 1 (1a•− and 1b•−) were detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in both CH3CN and DMF (dimethylformamide), while only 1a•− was detected in CH2Cl2. Structures for these intermediates are proposed from the results of density functional theory calculations and FTIR spectroscopy. 1a•− is assigned to a similar structure to 1 with six terminal carbonyl ligands, while calculations suggest that in 1b•− two of the carbonyl groups bridge the Fe centres, consistent with the peak observed at 1714 cm−1 in the FTIR spectrum for 1b•− in CH3CN, assigned to a ν(CO) stretching vibration. The formation of 1a•− and 1b•− and the production of H2 was studied in CH3CN, DMF and CH2Cl2. Although the more catalytically active species (1a•− or 1b•−) could not be determined, photocatalysis was observed only in CH3CN and DMF