Statistical approximation for stochastic processes

In this article, we obtain strong Korovkin-type approximation theorems for stochastic processes by using the concept of A-statistical convergence from the summability theory. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Extended Aeration Activated Sludge Reactor (EAASR) for Removal of Nitrobenzene: Air Stripped or Biologically Removed?

In this study, the performance of an extended aeration activated sludge reactor (EAASR) was investigated for the removal of nitrobenzene (NB), a commonly used organic chemical in various industries. In a set of experiments, increasing NB concentrations between 1 and 800 mg/L were applied to the EAASR. Synthetic wastewater containing NB was successfully treated up to 92.0 and 100.0% in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NB removal. The major NB removal mechanism in this EAASR was assessed to be air stripping after kinetic evaluation as compared to somewhat limited bacterial degradation of NB. Although NB is known to be toxic, the removal efficiency of NB was never below 97.4% even at high NB concentrations. Under lower NB concentrations, it was found that the bacterial floc formation was intact with existing Ciliata and Rotifera. However, at higher NB concentrations, free swimming Ciliata and Rotifera specimens disappeared while the flocs became smaller and dispersed. © 2016 by De Gruyter 2016

Assessing the role of hip arthrography in the treatment decision making for children with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease

PubMed: 331555652-s2.0-85094561643Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the role of hip arthrography in the treatment decision making for children with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD). Methods: A total of 47 consecutive children with LCPD (42 boys, 5 girls; mean age=7.5 years; range=6-10 years) who underwent operative treatment were included in the study. The patient demographics, physical examination findings (pain and hip range of motion [ROM]), standard anteroposterior and Löwenstein lateral hip radiographs, and hip arthrography data were retrospectively collected. The arthrographies were performed immediately before the surgery under general anesthesia. The patients were staged according to the Catterall and Herring classifications and examined in terms of head-at-risk signs before the study. Four sets of patient files were established based on the aforementioned data, with each child in a randomized and blinded order. Ten consultant pediatric orthopedic surgeons randomly assessed the patient files on 4 separate occasions (Set 1 vs Set 2 and Set 3 vs Set 4), with a minimum time interval of 4 weeks. In the first and second sets, the demographic and clinical information, including the age, gender, hip ROM, and hip radiographs, were presented. In the third and fourth sets, hip arthrography was presented in addition to the data from Set 1 and Set 2. The observers were instructed to choose the best treatment options. The percent agreement (PA) and Gwet’s AC1 statistics were used to establish a relative level of agreement among the observers. Results: The mean intra-observer reliabilities ranged from fair to moderate after adding the hip arthrography data (Gwet’s AC1 = 0.36 for Set 1 vs Set 2 and 0.42 for Set 3 vs Set 4). The mean PA was 56.6% (range = 29.8% to 78.7%) with a Gwet’s AC1 value of 0.51 (range: 0.21 to 0.77) between Set 1 and Set 3 (moderate intra-observer reliability). The decision for the treatment strategy was changed in 43.4% of the patients. For inter-observer reliability, Gwet’s AC1 was computed as 0.48 (moderate reliability). The correlation between the intra-observer reliability and stage progression was not significant (p>0.05) for any of the subgroups. Thus, there is a negative correlation with the disease progression. Conclusion: Hip arthrography seems to have a significant role in the treatment decision making for children with LCPD, espe-cially in the advanced stages of the disease. Level of Evidence: Level IV, Therapeutic study. © 2020, AVES. All rights reserved

Statistical Lp-approximation by double Gauss-Weierstrass singular integral operators

In this paper, we study statistical Lp-approximation properties of the double Gauss-Weierstrass singular integral operators which do not need to be positive. Also, we present a non-trivial example showing that our statistical Lp-approximation is stronger than the ordinary one. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved