Recombining Plasma & Gamma-ray Emission in the Mixed-morphology Supernova Remnant 3C 400.2

3C 400.2 belongs to the mixed morphology supernova remnant class, showing center-filled X-ray and shell-like radio morphology. We present a study of 3C 400.2 with archival Suzaku and Fermi-LAT observations. We find recombining plasma (RP) in the Suzaku spectra of north-east and south-east regions. The spectra of these regions are well described by two-component thermal plasma models: The hard component is in RP, while the soft component is in collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE) conditions. The RP has enhanced abundances indicating that the X-ray emission has an ejecta origin, while the CIE has solar abundances associated with the interstellar material. The X-ray spectra of north-west and south-west regions are best fitted by a two-component thermal plasma model: an ionizing and a CIE plasma. We have detected GeV gamma-ray emission from 3C 400.2 at the level of $\sim$5$\sigma$ assuming a point-like source model with a power-law (PL) type spectrum. We have also detected a new GeV source at the level of $\sim$13$\sigma$ assuming a Gaussian extension model with a PL type spectrum in the neighborhood of the SNR. We report the analysis results of 3C 400.2 and the new extended gamma-ray source and discuss the nature of gamma-ray emission of 3C 400.2 in the context of existing NANTEN CO data, DRAO HI data, and the Suzaku X-ray analysis results.Comment: Accepted to be published in the Astrophysical Journa

The Superconformal Gaugings in Three Dimensions

We show how three-dimensional superconformal theories for any number N <= 8 of supersymmetries can be obtained by taking a conformal limit of the corresponding three-dimensional gauged supergravity models. The superconformal theories are characterized by an embedding tensor that satisfies a linear and quadratic constraint. We analyze these constraints and give the general solutions for all cases. We find new N = 4,5 superconformal theories based on the exceptional Lie superalgebras F(4), G(3) and D(2|1;\alpha). Using the supergravity connection we discuss which massive deformations to expect. As an example we work out the details for the case of N = 6 supersymmetry.Comment: 22 pages; v2: refs. added, minor corrections, version published in JHE

Two-sided matching with indifferences

Most of the two-sided matching literature maintains the assumption that agents are never indifferent between any two members of the opposite side. In practice, however, ties in preferences arise naturally and are widespread. Market design needs to handle ties carefully, because in the presence of indifferences, stability no longer implies Pareto efficiency, and the deferred acceptance algorithm cannot be applied to produce a Pareto efficient or a worker-optimal stable matching. We allow ties in preference rankings and show that the Pareto dominance relation on stable matchings can be captured by two simple operations which involve rematching of workers and firms via cycles or chains. Likewise, the Pareto relation defined via workers' welfare can also be broken down to two similar procedures which preserve stability. Using these structural results we design fast algorithms to compute a Pareto efficient and stable matching, and a worker-optimal stable matching

Off-shell D=5, N=2 Riemann Squared Supergravity

We construct a new off-shell invariant in N=2, D=5 supergravity whose leading term is the square of the Riemann tensor. It contains a gravitational Chern-Simons term involving the vector field that belongs to the supergravity multiplet. The action is obtained by mapping the transformation rules of a spin connection with bosonic torsion and a set of curvatures to the fields of the Yang-Mills multiplet with gauge group SO(4,1). We also employ the circle reduction of an action that describes locally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in six dimensions.Comment: 17 pages, v2 : references adde

Definition of the Ethical Values and Ethics Codes for Turkish Midwifery: A Focused Group Study in Kocaeli

Background: The independent roles of midwives have not been properly defined, and midwifery ethical values and moral codes proper to Turkish culture have not been developed. The absence of legal regulations concerning midwifery has negatively affected midwifery in the process of professionalization. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the professional values of midwifery in Turkey. Materials and Methods: A focus group was created with the participation of nine midwives working at two state hospitals and a university hospital that provide birth service for women in Kocaeli, which is the most important industrial city in Turkey. The opinions of the midwives on the characteristics that a good midwife should possess and the professional values that a good midwife should observe were collected via in-depth interviews. The interviews were recorded. A total of three meetings were held with the participants. Finally, the notes taken by the reporter during these interviews were rearranged, and the recordings were transcribed by the researchers. Results: The characteristics suggested by the participants were classified into three categories: professional, personal, and interpersonal. Professional competence, capacity to properly inform interested parties, trustworthiness, respect for individuals and human dignity, and empathy were the most commonly named characteristics. As for the professional values of midwifery, professional competence, trustworthiness, responsibility, maximum benefit, and protection of privacy were the most often identified. Midwives also reported that most of the difficulties they faced in the exercise of daily tasks concerned protecting the privacy of their patients as well as the integrity and prestige of the profession, achieving the maximum benefit and least harm for patients, and providing a just and equal service. Conclusions: The professional values were mentioned by participant midwives were similar to the values proposed by international professional organizations. But there were some differences perhaps due to cultural differences

Massive N=2 Supergravity in Three Dimensions

There exists two distinct off-shell ${\mathcal{N}}=2$ supergravities in three dimensions. They are also referred to as ${\mathcal{N}}=(1,1)$ and ${\mathcal{N}}=(2,0)$ supergravities, and they arise from the coupling of the Weyl multiplet to a compensating scalar or vector multiplet, respectively, followed by fixing of conformal symmetries. The ${\mathcal{N}} =(p,q)$ terminology refers to the underlying anti-de Sitter superalgebras $OSp(2,p) \oplus OSp(2,q)$ with $R$-symmetry group $SO(p) \times SO(q)$. We construct off-shell invariants of these theories up to fourth order in derivatives. As an application of these results, we determine the special combinations of the ${\mathcal{N}}=(1,1)$ invariants that admit anti-de Sitter vacuum solution about which there is a ghost-free massive spin-2 multiplet of propagating modes. We also show that the ${\mathcal{N}}=(2,0)$ invariants do not allow such possibility.Comment: 32 pages, v3: Typos Corrected, Version appeared in JHE

Blood transfusion improves renal oxygenation and renal function in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury in rats

Background: The effects of blood transfusion on renal microcirculation during sepsis are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of blood transfusion on renal microvascular oxygenation and renal function during sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Methods: Twenty-seven Wistar albino rats were randomized into four groups: a sham group (n = 6), a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (n = 7), a LPS group that received fluid resuscitation (n = 7), and a LPS group that received blood transfusion (n = 7). The mean arterial blood pressure, renal blood flow, and renal microvascular oxygenation within the kidney cortex were recorded. Acute kidney injury was assessed using the serum creatinine levels, metabolic cost, and histopathological lesions. Nitrosative stress (expression of endothelial (eNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)) within the kidney was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Hemoglobin levels, pH, serum lactate levels, and liver enzymes were measured. Results: Fluid resuscitation and blood transfusion both significantly improved the mean arterial pressure and renal blood flow after LPS infusion. Renal microvascular oxygenation, serum creatinine levels, and tubular damage significantly improved in the LPS group that received blood transfusion compared to the group that received fluids. Moreover, the renal expression of eNOS was markedly suppressed under endotoxin challenge. Blood transfusion, but not fluid resuscitation, was able to restore the renal expression of eNOS. However, there were no significant differences in lactic acidosis or liver function between the two groups. Conclusions: Blood transfusion significantly improved renal function in endotoxemic rats. The specific beneficial effect of blood transfusion on the kidney could have been mediated in part by the improvements in r

Assessing and managing scenery of the Caribbean Coast of Colombia

This study provides the coastal scenery assessment of 135 sites along the Colombian Caribbean littoral by analysing 26 physical and human factors. Sites were categorised into five classes from Class 1, top grade scenery, to Class 5, poor scenery. Fifty five percent of the investigated coastal areas were included in Classes 1 and 2, 18% belonged to Class 3 and 47% of the sites fall into Classes 4 and 5. Classification of analysed sites depends on the geological setting and the degree of human occupation. Classes 1 and 2 sites are located in natural protected areas in La Guajira and Magdalena departments. Low classification recorded at Classes 3, 4 and 5 corresponds to a progressive decrease of both natural and (especially) human parameters. Concerning coastal management issues, emphasis should be given to the upgrading of human parameters eliminating litter and sewage evidences, vegetation debris and enhancing beach nourishment work