THE Exchange Rate Determinants in Morocco: An Empirical Investigation

One of the most important instruments of economic policy of the opened countries is the exchange rate. It is considered both a mean of monetary regulation and a tool of outside competitiveness. Morocco plans to adopt the floating exchange rate regime, in the end of 2009. Indeed, the question which arises today is to know what type of floating exchange rate regime will be applied. Under the economic, technical and institutional factors, we ask if Morocco is ready and able to adopt this regime. In the light of this report, this paper will deal with the impact of the exchange rate policy on the real economy in Morocco through an empirical model called « The Behavioural Equilibrium Exchange Rate » supported by Clark and MacDonald (1997). Firstly, our investigation deals with the efficiency of exchange rate policy adopted by Morocco, secondly, it deals with the capacity of Dirham to resist to the shocks caused by the misalignments and finely, with the Moroccan monetary authorities’ capacity to manage the existing exchange regime. Under using the cointegration method, the error correction model and the analysis of the shocks by using the method of the decomposition of variance, our results confirm that the dynamics of the exchange rate in Morocco is determined by the variables such as the terms of trade, the foreign assets and the foreign debt. Similarly, in terms of short-term fluctuations in the exchange rate and in the analysis of the shocks, the supply and demand dynamics the dirham seems determining.Exchange Rate Policy; Exchange Rate regime; efficiency; shocks and misalignments; Cointegration Tests; Stability; Dirham.

An Accurate Method for Extracting the Critical Field in Short Channel NMOS Devices

In this letter, an accurate method for extracting the critical field Ec in short channel MOSFET's is presented. The principle of this method is based on the comparison between two models which give drain saturation voltage evolution against gate voltage Vdsat(Vg) continuously. The results obtained by this technique have shown better agreement with measurements data and have allow in the same time to determine the validity domain of Sodini's law [1]

Intelligent Approach of Event Detection with Efficient Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks

In the context of environmental protection against fire, this work presents a hybrid system of decision making and early warning applied in wireless sensor networks. This system, also, integrates an efficient data routing technique, based on the clustering of the near-event nodes, ensuring judicious network energy consumption. Data fusion technique, based on sensors data aggregated by the Cluster Head node (CH) within a defined analysis area, is processed by K-medoids, the latter will mainly contribute to increase the system's performances by decreasing the intra-cluster noise parameter () conducting to improve the probability of detection. This step, therefore, will distinguish and merge only the correct and useful samples. On the basis of the fused data, the estimated alert by K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) can be directly triggered based on a minimum number of sensor nodes detecting fire; this will affect in advantage on the rapidity of detection, which leads to limit the spread of fire quickly. The alert is transmitted from the CH node to the base station via an intermediate node (IN) elected intelligently outside the cluster. This proposed approach proves, through its simulation results, a remarkable improvement of system performances in terms of information reliability, rapidity of detection and alert, avoiding false and redundant information, and also it improves extending the network lifetime

LES déterminants du taux de change au Maroc : Une étude empirique

One of the most important instruments of economic policy of the opened countries is the exchange rate. It is considered both a mean of monetary regulation and a tool of outside competitiveness. Morocco plans to adopt the floating exchange rate regime, in the end of 2009. Indeed, the question which arises today is to know what type of floating exchange rate regime will be applied. Under the economic, technical and institutional factors, we ask if Morocco is ready and able to adopt this regime. In the light of this report, this paper will deal with the impact of the exchange rate policy on the real economy in Morocco through an empirical model called « The Behavioural Equilibrium Exchange Rate » supported by Clark and MacDonald (1997). Firstly, our investigation deals with the efficiency of exchange rate policy adopted by Morocco, secondly, it deals with the capacity of Dirham to resist to the shocks caused by the misalignments and finely, with the Moroccan monetary authorities’ capacity to manage the existing exchange regime. Under using the cointegration method, the error correction model and the analysis of the shocks by using the method of the decomposition of variance, our results confirm that the dynamics of the exchange rate in Morocco is determined by the variables such as the terms of trade, the foreign assets and the foreign debt. Similarly, in terms of short-term fluctuations in the exchange rate and in the analysis of the shocks, the supply and demand dynamics the dirham seems determining

LES déterminants du taux de change au Maroc : Une étude empirique

One of the most important instruments of economic policy of the opened countries is the exchange rate. It is considered both a mean of monetary regulation and a tool of outside competitiveness. Morocco plans to adopt the floating exchange rate regime, in the end of 2009. Indeed, the question which arises today is to know what type of floating exchange rate regime will be applied. Under the economic, technical and institutional factors, we ask if Morocco is ready and able to adopt this regime. In the light of this report, this paper will deal with the impact of the exchange rate policy on the real economy in Morocco through an empirical model called « The Behavioural Equilibrium Exchange Rate » supported by Clark and MacDonald (1997). Firstly, our investigation deals with the efficiency of exchange rate policy adopted by Morocco, secondly, it deals with the capacity of Dirham to resist to the shocks caused by the misalignments and finely, with the Moroccan monetary authorities’ capacity to manage the existing exchange regime. Under using the cointegration method, the error correction model and the analysis of the shocks by using the method of the decomposition of variance, our results confirm that the dynamics of the exchange rate in Morocco is determined by the variables such as the terms of trade, the foreign assets and the foreign debt. Similarly, in terms of short-term fluctuations in the exchange rate and in the analysis of the shocks, the supply and demand dynamics the dirham seems determining

Electrolyte gate dependent high-frequency measurement of graphene field-effect transistor for sensing applications

We performed radiofrequency (RF) reflectometry measurements at 2.4 GHz on electrolyte-gated graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) utilizing a tunable stub-matching circuit for impedance matching. We demonstrate that the gate voltage dependent RF resistivity of graphene can be deduced even in the presence of the electrolyte which is in direct contact with the graphene layer. The RF resistivity is found to be consistent with its DC counterpart in the full gate voltage range. Furthermore, in order to access the potential of high-frequency sensing for applications, we demonstrate time-dependent gating in solution with nanosecond time resolution.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure

A Physical Model for MOSFET Drain Current in Non-ohmic Regime Using Ohmic Regime Operation

In order to characterise the velocity saturation phenomena in short channel MOSFET's, a simple method is proposed in this work. It is based on the comparison between transistor behaviour in ohmic and saturation regime respectively. Therefore, the MOSFET characteristic Id0(Vd). avoiding velocity saturation phenomena, can be obtained from ohmic characteristic Id(Vg) and compared with the experimental characteristic Id(Vd)

APPORT DE L’IMAGERIE DANS L’ABDOMEN AIGU NON FEBRILE

The non febrile abdominal pains are very frequent and their causes are multiple. The imaging is important in the diagnosis, the complete physical examination, the follow-up and the treatment of the abdominopelvic lesions. The abdominal negatives without preparation are still used for the search of intestinal occlusion, acute intestinal ischemia. The echography is indicated particularly in the abdominal traumatisms, pelvic pain in the woman and for the search of lithiasis in the case of biliary ileus. The echo-doppler is indicated mainly in the vascular pathology. The computerized tomography is still the preferable examination in the diagnosis of the non febrile acute abdomens. The angiography is necessary if there is suspicion of mesenteric ischemia, digestive hemorrhage and particularly in an interventional gesture.Les douleurs abdominales aiguës non fébriles sont très fréquentes et relèvent de causes multiples. L’imagerie prend une place importante dans le diagnostic, le bilan, le suivi et le traitement des lésions abdomino-pelviennes. Les clichés d’abdomen sans préparation gardent leur indication à la recherche d’une occlusion intestinale, d’une ischémie intestinale aiguë. L’échographie est indiquée surtout dans les traumatismes abdominaux, douleurs pelviennes chez la femme et  à la recherche de lithiase en cas d’iléus biliaire. L’écho-doppler est indiquée principalement dans la pathologie vasculaire. La TDM reste l’examen de choix dans le diagnostic des abdomens aigus non fébriles. L’angiographie est justifiée en cas de suspicion d’une ischémie mésentérique, d’une hémorragie digestive et surtout dans un geste interventionnel

Unravelling the conductance path through single-porphyrin junctions

Porphyrin derivatives are key components in natural machinery enabling us to store sunlight as chemical energy. In spite of their prominent role in cascades separating electrical charges and their potential as sensitizers in molecular devices, reports concerning their electronic transport characteristics are inconsistent. Here we report a systematic investigation of electronic transport paths through single porphyrin junctions. The transport through seven structurally related porphyrin derivatives was repeatedly measured in an automatized mechanically controlled break-junction set-up and the recorded data were analyzed by an unsupervised clustering algorithm. The correlation between the appearances of similar clusters in particular sub-sets of the porphyrins with a common structural motif allowed us to assign the corresponding current path. The small series of model porphyrins allowed us to identify and distinguish three different electronic paths covering more than four orders of magnitude in conductance