Comparing inequalities in the labour market from a segmentation perspective

Production of INCASI Project H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015 GA 691004The purpose of this chapter is to carry out a comparative analysis of labour markets in Europe and Latin America from the perspective of segmentation in order to explain the processes of social inequality that arise in the workplace, in light of recent trends in global socio-economic changes. The chapter proposes two main objectives. The first is to perform a comparative descriptive analysis of the main features of labour markets among 60 European and Latin American countries. The second objective is to propose a model of comparative analysis of labour inequality from the theoretical perspective of the segmentation of the labour market and structural heterogeneity. We will focus our analysis by selecting two countries, Spain and Argentina, which both underwent a late development of capitalism. The following general hypothesis is formulated: Spain and Argentina, having clearly differentiated features in economic structure, level of development, institutional frameworks and socio-historical processes, show common dynamics in the structuring of the capitalist labour market between a primary and secondary segment. Using equivalent databases on the workforce a typology of segmentation of employment is constructed that show, in addition to the specificities of each country, the similarities in the structuring of the labour market

Social policy and its effects on poverty under different macroeconomic regimes: Argentina, 1992-2012

El artículo analiza los cambios registrados en la política social en la Argentina entre la fase de ajuste neoliberal y la etapa de crecimiento bajo políticas heterodoxas, y busca indagar cómo el gasto público social ?los programas de asistencia social directa, los planes de protección al desempleo y los ingresos por jubilaciones y pensiones- incidieron sobre las tasas de pobreza e indigencia. En primer lugar, se examinan los cambios en el volumen y la composición del gasto público social. En segundo lugar, se presenta un modelo de descomposición que permite identificar los efectos del crecimiento económico, la distribución del ingreso y las políticas sociales sobre los cambios en las tasas de pobreza e indigencia. Se utilizan datos de organismos públicos y microdatos de la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos.This article analyzes the changes observed in social policy in Argentina between structural reforms phase and the subsequent period of economic growth under heterodox economic policies, and strives to determine how government social spending –especially income transfers, employment programs and pension and retirement income- affected poverty and extreme poverty rates. Firstly, changes in the volume and composition of government social spending are examined. Secondly, the article presents results of a decomposition model, which allows the identification of the effects produced by economic growth, income distribution and social policies on the observed changes of poverty rates. The article uses government data and micro-data of household’s survey known as Encuesta Permanente de Hogares, by the National Institute for Statistics and Census.Fil: Salvia, Hector Agustin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Secretaría Académica. Dirección de Investigaciones. Programa del Observatorio de la Deuda Social Argentina; ArgentinaFil: Poy Piñeiro, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Secretaría Académica. Dirección de Investigaciones. Programa del Observatorio de la Deuda Social Argentina; ArgentinaFil: Vera, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Secretaría Académica. Dirección de Investigaciones. Programa del Observatorio de la Deuda Social Argentina; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones "Gino Germani"; Argentin