81 research outputs found

    Fluidite de l’huile produite par des arbres du second cycle de selection reccurente reciproque chez le palmier a huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)

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    L’étude de la fluiditĂ© de l’huile du Palmier Ă  huile (Elaeis guineensis) prĂ©sente de nombreux intĂ©rĂȘts, en particulier pour l’identification des arbres Ă©lites qui seront utilisĂ©s dans le programme d’amĂ©lioration soit par clonage, soit par croisement en vue d’augmenter la fraction d’huile fluide dans le fruit. Dans cette perspective, les indices d’iode des huiles extraites Ă  partir des rĂ©gimes produits par des arbres du second cycle de sĂ©lection rĂ©currente rĂ©ciproque ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s et comparĂ©s Ă  ceux des huiles extraites Ă  partir d’arbres du premier cycle. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus indiquent que le matĂ©riel vĂ©gĂ©tal Deli x La MĂ© issu du premier cycle de sĂ©lection rĂ©currente rĂ©ciproque possĂšde un indice d’iode moyen de 55. Les indices d’iode des matĂ©riels issus du second cycle de sĂ©lection rĂ©currente rĂ©ciproque, laissent apparaĂźtre globalement une amĂ©lioration de 2 points pour les arbres des croisements rĂ©alisĂ©s avec des parents femelles DA5D x DA3D et DA 115D AF (Indice d’Iode moyen = 57) et de 3 points pour ceux issus des croisements ayant pour parent femelle DA3D AF (Indice d’Iode moyen = 58). La fluiditĂ© de l’huile des arbres tĂ©moins ayant pour parent femelle DA115D AF pris comme rĂ©fĂ©rence dans les essais comparatifs, demeure stable du premier au second cycle de sĂ©lection rĂ©currente rĂ©ciproque avec un indice d’iode moyen de 54. L’amĂ©lioration sensible obtenue au niveau de la fluiditĂ© de l’huile du matĂ©riel de second cycle, serait essentiellement due aux meilleures recombinaisons des gĂ©notypes du premier cycle de sĂ©lection rĂ©currente rĂ©ciproque.Mots clĂ©s : FluiditĂ©, huile, indice d’iode, palmier Ă  huile, Elaeis guineensisFUIDITY OF OIL PRODUCED BY TREES FROM THE SECOND CYCLE OF RECIPROCAL RECURRENT BREEDING (RRS) OF OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis JACQ)Research on Palm oil’s fluidity has several interests, especially for the identification of elite trees used in breeding program for the improvement of the quantity of fluid oil in the fruit. In this prospective, iodine indices of oil produced by bunches of palm trees derived from second cycle of reciprocal recurrent breeding (RRS) are measured and compared to those of trees from first cycle of reciprocal recurrent breeding. Obtained results indicate that Deli x La MĂ© Plant material from the first cycle of RRS displays an iodine index of 55. The values of oil iodine indices of trees from the second cycle of RRS showan improvement of 2 points for trees derived from crosses using DA5D x DA3D and DA115D AF as female parents (mean iodine index = 57). The oil iodine index increases by 3 points for bunches harvested on trees derived from DA3D AF as female parent (mean iodine index = 58). Fluidity of the oil from DA115D x LM2T used as control in the comparative trials remains steady from the first to the second cycle of RRS with a mean value of 54. The significant rise in fluidity of the palm oil from the second cycle of RRS, would be essentially due to better recombinations of the genotypes of the first cycle of RRS.Keywords : Fluidity, oil, iodine index, oil Palm, Elaeis guineensis

    Reachability for dynamic parametric processes

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    In a dynamic parametric process every subprocess may spawn arbitrarily many, identical child processes, that may communicate either over global variables, or over local variables that are shared with their parent. We show that reachability for dynamic parametric processes is decidable under mild assumptions. These assumptions are e.g. met if individual processes are realized by pushdown systems, or even higher-order pushdown systems. We also provide algorithms for subclasses of pushdown dynamic parametric processes, with complexity ranging between NP and DEXPTIME.Comment: 31 page

    Evaluation du pouvoir disjonctif des variables catĂ©gorielles impliquĂ©es dans la sĂ©lection du palmier Ă  huile (Elaeis guineensis jacq.) en CĂŽte d’Ivoire

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    En amĂ©lioration gĂ©nĂ©tique du palmier Ă  huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), les variables catĂ©gorielles constituent une part majoritaire de l’information utilisĂ©e pour diffĂ©rencier, les populations de gĂ©niteurs issus du programme de sĂ©lection rĂ©currente rĂ©ciproque (SRR). Le pouvoir disjonctif de ces variables a Ă©tĂ© testĂ© sur 134 gĂ©niteurs sĂ©lectionnĂ©s issus des populations du premier, deuxiĂšme et troisiĂšme cycle de SRR. Les variables catĂ©gorielles utilisĂ©es pour diffĂ©rencier ces populations sont celles qui ont permis d’avoir des informations sur les origines gĂ©ographiques et les gĂ©nĂ©alogies parentales des gĂ©niteurs. L’analyse factorielle de l’ensemble de ces variables catĂ©gorielles, a permis de dĂ©terminer le pouvoir disjonctif de chacun des deux principaux critĂšres de divergences des populations de gĂ©niteurs sĂ©lectionnes. Le critĂšre "origine gĂ©ographique" a reprĂ©sentĂ© 14 % d’expression de disjonction totale des populations de gĂ©niteurs sĂ©lectionnĂ©s. Le critĂšre "gĂ©nĂ©alogie parentale" a reprĂ©sentĂ© 70 % d’expression de disjonction totale des populations de gĂ©niteurs sĂ©lectionnĂ©s. L’utilisation de ces deux critĂšres de diffĂ©renciation des populations de gĂ©niteurs sĂ©lectionnĂ©es peut constituer une bonne alternative Ă  l’utilisation des donnĂ©es molĂ©culaires dans les Ă©tudes de la diversitĂ© des populations de palmier Ă  huile en sĂ©lection.Mots-clĂ©s : Palmier Ă  huile, sĂ©lection, variable catĂ©gorielle, disjonction de populatio

    Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and antenatal human B cell lymphopoiesis: Expression of SDF-1 by mesothelial cells and biliary ductal plate epithelial cells

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    The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) stimulates the growth of pre-B cells in vitro, and mice with a disrupted SDF-1 gene have abnormal fetal liver B cell lymphopoiesis. The origin of SDF-1 production has not been determined yet. Using an anti-SDF-1 mAb, we performed immunohistochemical studies in four human embryos and five fetuses to define which cells express the SDF-1 protein at sites of antenatal B cell lymphopoiesis. All mesothelial cells contained SDF-1 at all stages of development, including in the intraembryonic splanchnopleuric mesoderm early into gestation. In fetal lungs and kidneys, SDF-1 was expressed by epithelial cells, and a few B lymphoid precursors, expressing V pre-B chains, were also detected. In the fetal liver, in addition to mesothelial cells, biliary epithelial cells were the only cells to contain SDF-1. Pre-B cells expressing V chains were abundant and exclusively located around the edge of portal spaces, in close contact with biliary ductal plate epithelial cells. They did not colocalize with biliary collecting ducts. Biliary ductal plate epithelial cells and liver B cell lymphopoiesis display a parallel development and disappearance during fetal life. These results indicate that early B cell lymphopoiesis in the splanchnopleura may be triggered by mesothelial cells producing SDF-1. Later into gestation, biliary ductal plate epithelial cells may support B cell lymphopoiesis, thus playing a role similar to that of epithelial cells in the avian bursa of Fabricius, and of thymic epithelial cells for T cell lymphopoiesis

    QTLs for oil yield components in an elite oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) cross

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    Increased modern farming of superior types of the oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., which has naturally efficient oil biosynthesis, has made it the world’s foremost edible oil crop. Breeding improvement is, however, circumscribed by time and costs associated with the tree’s long reproductive cycle, large size and 10–15 years of field testing. Marker-assisted breeding has considerable potential for improving this crop. Towards this, quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked to oil yield component traits were mapped in a high-yield population. In total, 164 QTLs associated with 21 oil yield component traits were discovered, with cumulative QTL effects increasing in tandem with the number of QTL markers and matching the QT+ alleles for each trait. The QTLs confirmed all traits to be polygenic, with many genes of individual small effects on independent loci, but epistatic interactions are not ruled out. Furthermore, several QTLs maybe pleiotropic as suggested by QTL clustering of inter-related traits on almost all linkage groups. Certain regions of the chromosomes seem richer in the genes affecting a particular yield component trait and likely encompass pleiotropic, epistatic and heterotic effects. A large proportion of the identified additive effects from QTLs may actually arise from genic interactions between loci. Comparisons with previous mapping studies show that most of the QTLs were for similar traits and shared similar marker intervals on the same linkage groups. Practical applications for such QTLs in marker-assisted breeding will require seeking them out in different genetic backgrounds and environments
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