113 research outputs found
BESTIMMUNG DES VERLUSTBEIWERTS EINES BESCHLEUNIGUNGSGITTERS MIT GERINGER SCHAUFELLÄNGE DURCH MESSUNGEN AN ELNEM GERADEN GITTER
Kinetic simulation of the sheath dynamics in the intermediate radio-frequency regime
The dynamics of temporally modulated plasma boundary sheaths is studied in
the intermediate radio frequency regime where the applied radio frequency and
the ion plasma frequency are comparable. Two kinetic simulation codes are
employed and their results are compared. The first code is a realization of the
well-known scheme, Particle-In-Cell with Monte Carlo collisions (PIC/MCC) and
simulates the entire discharge, a planar radio frequency capacitively coupled
plasma (RF-CCP) with an additional heating source. The second code is based on
the recently published scheme Ensemble-in-Spacetime (EST); it resolves only the
sheath and requires the time resolved voltage across and the ion flux into the
sheath as input. Ion inertia causes a temporal asymmetry (hysteresis) of the
sheath charge-voltage relation; also other ion transit time effects are found.
The two codes are in good agreement, both with respect to the spatial and
temporal dynamics of the sheath and with respect to the ion energy
distributions at the electrodes. It is concluded that the EST scheme may serve
as an efficient post-processor for fluid or global simulations and for
measurements: It can rapidly and accurately calculate ion distribution
functions even when no genuine kinetic information is available
Collective excitations in electron-hole bilayers
We report a combined analytic and Molecular Dynamics analysis of the
collective mode spectrum of an electron-hole (bipolar) bilayer in the strong
coupling quasi-classical limit. A robust, isotropic energy gap is identified in
the out-of-phase spectra, generated by the combined effect of correlations and
of the excitation of the bound dipoles; the in-phase spectra exhibit a
correlation governed acoustic dispersion for the longitudinal and transverse
modes. Strong nonlinear generation of higher harmonics of the fundamental
dipole oscillation frequency and the transfer of harmonics between different
modes is observed. The mode dispersions in the liquid state are compared with
the phonon spectrum in the crystalline solid phase, reinforcing a coherent
physical picture.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Kinetic Interpretation of Resonance Phenomena in Low Pressure Capacitively Coupled Radio Frequency Plasmas
The kinetic origin of resonance phenomena in capacitively coupled radio
frequency plasmas is discovered based on particle-based numerical simulations.
The analysis of the spatio-temporal distributions of plasma parameters such as
the densities of hot and cold electrons, as well as the conduction and
displacement currents reveals the mechanism of the formation of multiple
electron beams during sheath expansion. The interplay between highly energetic
beam electrons and low energetic bulk electrons is identified as the physical
origin of the excitation of harmonics in the current
Simulation benchmarks for low-pressure plasmas: capacitive discharges
Benchmarking is generally accepted as an important element in demonstrating the correctness of computer simulations. In the modern sense, a benchmark is a computer simulation result that has evidence of correctness, is accompanied by estimates of relevant errors, and which can thus be used as a basis for judging the accuracy and efficiency of other codes. In this paper, we present four benchmark cases related to capacitively coupled discharges. These benchmarks prescribe all relevant physical and numerical parameters. We have simulated the benchmark conditions using five independently developed particle-in-cell codes. We show that the results of these simulations are statistically indistinguishable, within bounds of uncertainty that we define. We therefore claim that the results of these simulations represent strong benchmarks, that can be used as a basis for evaluating the accuracy of other codes. These other codes could include other approaches than particle-in-cell simulations, where benchmarking could examine not just implementation accuracy and efficiency, but also the fidelity of different physical models, such as moment or hybrid models. We discuss an example of this kind in an appendix. Of course, the methodology that we have developed can also be readily extended to a suite of benchmarks with coverage of a wider range of physical and chemical phenomena
Vergleich von artenreichen Begrünungsmischungen in ungarischen Weingebieten
Intensive mechanical soil cultivation and herbicide treatment was often the preferred technology in vineyards in the second half of the 20th century. In the last decades we
increasingly experienced the disadvantages of these technologies: soil degradation, erosion and deflation damages. The use of well-adapted cover-crop mixtures could be an alternative. In 2012 we started to study three different species-rich cover crop mixtures (Biocont-Ecovin, Legume mixture, Grass-herb mixture) in Hungarian
vineyards. For 2013 we detected lower weed coverage in the inter-rows sown with the Grass-herb and Legume mixtures, while in control and Biocont-Ecovin inter-rows we
detected increasing weed coverage. In the third year (2014) we found in case of every plot that the grass-herb mixture-covered inter-rows were the least weedy. The most
successful species in the inter-rows are: Coronilla varia, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago lupulina, Onobrychis viciifolia, Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium repens, Trifolium
pratense
Body composition and venison quality of farmed red deer (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) hinds reared on grass, <i>papilionaceous</i> or mixed pasture paddocks
Red deer (Cervus elaphus) hinds (n=3×10) of identical initial body
weight (BW, ca. 68 kg) were reared on a monocotyledonous grass (G group), on a
grass–papilionaceous (GP group) or on pure papilionaceous pasture each of 2 ha (P group) for
219 d. At the end of the experiment carcass tissue composition
was assessed by means of computer tomography, slaughter value and meat
quality were characterized and tissue – longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL), thigh and liver – samples were
taken for fatty acid composition analysis. The primary aim was to assess
nutrition-driven differences.
Hinds of group P provided higher final BW (101 kg vs. 90 and 91.9 kg in groups G
and GP, respectively) and higher BW gain (32.6 kg during the total period vs. 22.4 and
22.1 kg). The carcass weight exceeded those of the other groups
significantly (68.8 kg vs. 59.3 and 63.2 kg), while there was no difference
among groups in the perirenal fat weight and red color tone (a*) of the LTL.
Groups G and P differed significantly in the LTL weight (highest in P), its
dripping loss (lowest in G), lightness (L; highest in P) and yellow color
tone (b*).
In the thigh muscle, LTL and liver the highest proportion of fatty acid CLA9c11t was
reached on the G pasture, and the same trend was true for docosahexaenoic
acid (DHA , C22:6 n3) in the muscles. The n6 ∕ n3 fatty acid ratio was the
highest on the P pasture in the liver and both muscles. The liver
incorporated the highest proportion of linoleic acid (C18:2 n6) and
converted it rather effectively to arachidonic acid (C20:4 n6), coupled with
the lowest α-linolenic acid presence.
In conclusion, concerning muscle mass production, group P proved to be the most
advantageous pasture; meanwhile LTL meat quality factors (dripping loss,
DHA proportion, pH, color) were more favorable on the G pasture.</p
Effect of genotype and hens' starting body fat content on the changes in the body fat content of the hens and on the weight and composition of the eggs produced in the first egg laying period
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of genotype and hens’ starting body fat content on the
changes in the body fat content of the hens and on the weight and composition of the eggs produced in the
first egg laying period. The experiment was carried out with altogether 30 hens (15 TETRA SL brown egg
layers and 15 TETRA BLANCA white egg layers), which were chosen from altogether 45 TETRA SL and
45 TETRA BLANCA hens based on their CT (computer tomography) predicted body fat content at 20 weeks
of age (hens with the highest (n=5), hens with the lowest (n=5) and hens with average (n=5) body fat content
in both genotype). For the in vivo determination of changes in the body composition of these hens, computer
tomography (CT) measurements were carried out at every fourth week between the 20th and 72nd week of
age. During the CT measurements hens were fixed with belts in a special plexiglass container without using
any anaesthetics. The measurements covered the whole body of the hens using overlapping 10 mm slice
thickness on a Siemens Somatom Emotion 6 multislice CT scanner. After collecting, weighing and breaking
the eggs produced by the experimental birds on the days of the CT measurements their yolk ratio was
determined. Based on the results, it was established that the body fat content of the hens increased
continuously in both of the genotypes in the first phase of the experimental period, while it did not change
further in the second phase of the experiment. It was also observed at all examination days, that the body fat
content of the white egg layers was higher than that of the brown egg layers. Hens with the highest starting
body fat content had the highest body fat content in both genotypes during the whole egg laying period. The
egg production of the hens was not influenced by the body fat content of the birds, but it was affected by the
genotype. The TETRA SL hens produced significantly more eggs than the TETRA BLANCA hens. The hens
with average body fat content produced lighter eggs than the hens with low or high body fat content
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