HUBUNGAN ANTARA DUKUNGAN ATASAN DAN STRES KERJA TERHADAP PEMBERIAN ASI OLEH IBU PEKERJA DI KECAMATAN MALALAYANG

ASI merupakan sumber gizi yang terbaik bagi bayi dibawah usia tiga tahun. Cakupan pemberian ASI di Sulawesi Utara tahun 2019 sebanyak 50,9% dan masih jauh dari target Indonesia yaitu sebanyak 80%. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui bagaimana hubungan dukungan atasan dan stress kerja dengan pemberian ASI oleh ibu pekerja di Kecamatan Malalayang. Dalam penelitian mamakai penelitian survey analitik  dengan memakai desain penelitian cross sectional study. Populasi ialah ibu pekerja yang memiliki bayi. Sampel yang diambil berjumlah 100 ibu pekerja yang memberikan ASI. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square (p = 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada hubungan dukungan atasan dengan pemberian ASI  ibu pekerja di Kecamatan Malalayang (ρ = 0,032), ada hubungan stres kerja dan pemberian ASI di Kecamatan Malalayang (p = 0,024). Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini ialah adanya hubungan antara dukunga atasan terhadap pemberian ASI oleh ibu pekerja dan tidak adanya hubungan antara stress kerja terhadap pemberian ASI oleh ibu pekerja. Kata Kunci: Dukungan Atasan, Stres Kerja, Pemberian ASI ABSTRACTBreast milk is the best source of nutrition for infants under the age of three. Coverage of milk gained in north Sulawesi  in 2019  by 50,9% and still far from Indonesia's target of 80%. The purpose of this study is to find out how the relationship of superior support and work stress with breastfeeding to working mothers in Malalayang Subdistrict. In this study, I used analytical survey research using cross sectional study design. The population is working mothers who have babies. The samples taken amounted to 100 working mothers who gave breast milk. Analyze the data using the chi square test (p = 0.05). The results showed there is a relationship of superior support with the breastfeeding of working mothers in Malalayang Subdistrict (ρ = 0.032), there is a relationship of work stress and breastfeeding in Malalayang Subdistrict (p = 0.024). The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between the support of superiors towards breastfeeding by working mothers and the absence of a relationship between work stress to breastfeeding by working mothers. Keywords: Superiors Support, Job Stress, Breastfeeding

ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK BETON MENGGUNAKAN TEMPURUNG KELAPA PENGGANTI SEBAGIAN AGREGAT KASAR DENGAN MUTU FC 20 MPA

Abstrak: Analisis Karakteristik Beton Menggunakan Tempurung Kelapa Pengganti Sebagian Agregat Kasar Dengan Mutu Fc 20 MPA. Teknologi bahan serta teknik-teknik pelaksanaan yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian dan percobaan dimaksudkan untuk menjawab tuntutan yang semakin tinggi terhadap pemakaian beton serta mengatasi kendala-kendala yang sering terjadi pada pengerjaan di lapangan. Peningkatan mutu beton dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan bahan ganti atau bahan tambah, Salah satu bahan alternatif yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pengganti yaitu pecahan tempurung kelapa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik, nilai kuat tekan beton pada umur 28 hari yang telah menggunakan pecahan tempurung kelapa pengganti sebagian agregat kasar pada kadar 3%, 5.5%, 7.5%, 9.5% dan 11.5%. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan uji Laboratorium berdasarkan SNI 2012. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menghitung rata-rata hasil pengujian kemudian dibandingkan dengan SNI-7656 2012. Dari hasil penelitian pada kadar 3% tempurung kelapa didapatkan nilai kuat tekan 20.66 MPA di bandingkan dengan kuat tekan beton normal rencana menurut SNI 7656: 2012 yaitu 20 MPA mengalami kenaikan sebesar 3.3%. Jadi dengan menggunakan Pecahan tempurung kelapa sebagai bahan pengganti sebagian agregat kasar pada campuran beton dapat menghasilkan nilai kuat tekan beton lebih tinggi daripada kuat tekan yang direncanakan. Kata kunci :Tempurung Kelapa; Agregat Kasar; Beton Abstract: Analysis of Concrete Characteristics Using Coconut Shell as Partial Substitute for Coarse Aggregate with Fc Quality 20 MPA. Material technology and implementation techniques obtained from the results of research and experiments are intended to answer the increasingly high demands on the use of concrete and overcome obstacles that often occur in field work. Improving the quality of concrete can be done by providing substitute materials or added materials. One alternative material that can be used as a substitute is coconut shell fragments. This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of the compressive strength of concrete at the age of 28 days using coconut shell fraction as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate at levels of 3%, 5.5%, 7.5%, 9.5% and 11.5%. Data collection was carried out by laboratory tests based on SNI 2012. Data analysis was carried out by calculating the average test results and then compared with SNI-7656 2012. From the results of the study at the level of 3% coconut shell, the compressive strength value of 20.66 MPA was compared with the compressive strength of normal concrete. The plan according to SNI 7656: 2012 which is 20 MPA increased by 3.3%. Therefore, by using coconut shell fragments as a partial substitute for coarse aggregate in the concrete mixture, it can produce a higher compressive strength value of concrete than the planned compressive strength. Keywords: coconut shell; Coarse Aggregate; Concret

The Economics of 1.5°C Climate Change

The economic case for limiting warming to 1.5°C is unclear, due to manifold uncertainties. However, it cannot be ruled out that the 1.5°C target passes a cost-benefit test. Costs are almost certainly high: The median global carbon price in 1.5°C scenarios implemented by various energy models is more than US$100 per metric ton of CO2 in 2020, for example. Benefits estimates range from much lower than this to much higher. Some of these uncertainties may reduce in the future, raising the question of how to hedge in the near term. Maintaining an option on limiting warming to 1.5°C means targeting it now. Setting off with higher emissions will make 1.5°C unattainable quickly without recourse to expensive large-scale carbon dioxide removal (CDR), or solar radiation management (SRM), which can be cheap but poses ambiguous risks society seems unwilling to take. Carbon pricing could reduce mitigation costs substantially compared with ramping up the current patchwork of regulatory instruments. Nonetheless, a mix of policies is justified and technology-specific approaches may be required. It is particularly important to step up mitigation finance to developing countries, where emissions abatement is relatively cheap

Diversity in collaborative research communities: a multicultural, multidisciplinary thesis writing group in public health

Writing groups for doctoral students are generally agreed to provide valuable learning spaces for Ph.D. candidates. Here an academic developer and the eight members of a writing group formed in a Discipline of Public Health provide an account of their experiences of collaborating in a multicultural, multidisciplinary thesis writing group. We consider the benefits of belonging to such a group for Ph.D. students who are operating in a research climate in which disciplinary boundaries are blurring and where an increasing number of doctoral projects are interdisciplinary in nature; in which both academic staff and students come from enormously diverse cultural and language backgrounds; and in which teamwork, networking and collaboration are prized but not always proactively facilitated. We argue that doctoral writing groups comprising students from diverse cultural and disciplinary backgrounds can be of significant value for postgraduates who wish to collaborate on their own academic development to improve their research writing and communication skills; at the same time, such collaborative work effectively builds an inclusive, dynamic research community.Cally Guerin, Vicki Xafis, Diana V. Doda, Marianne H. Gillam, Allison J. Larg, Helene Luckner, Nasreen Jahan, Aris Widayati and Chuangzhou X

Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from national climate legislation

The international response to climate change has been inadequate, but not zero. There are 1,800 climate change laws worldwide. We use panel data on legislative activity in 133 countries over the period 1999–2016 to identify statistically the short-term and long-term impact of climate legislation. Each new law reduces annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per unit of gross domestic product by 0.78% nationally in the short term (during the first three years) and by 1.79% in the long term (beyond three years). The results are driven by parliamentary acts and by countries with a strong rule of law. In 2016, current climate laws were associated with an annual reduction in global CO2 emissions of 5.9 GtCO2, more than the US CO2 output that year. Cumulative CO2 emissions savings from 1999 to 2016 amount to 38 GtCO2, or one year’s worth of global CO2 output. The impact on other greenhouse gases is much lower