Biodynamic parameters of micellar diminazene in sheep erythrocytes and blood plasma

In this work, we used a preparation of diminazene, which belongs to the group of aromatic diamidines. This compound acts on the causative agents of blood protozoan diseases produced by both flagellated protozoa (Trypanosoma) and members of the class Piroplasmida (Babesia, Theileria, and Cytauxzoon) in various domestic and wild animals, and it is widely used in veterinary medicine. We examined the behavior of water-disperse diminazene (immobilized in Tween 80 micelles) at the cellular and organismal levels. We assessed the interaction of an aqueous and a water-disperse preparation with cells of the reticuloendothelial system. We compared the kinetic parameters of aqueous and water-disperse diminazene in sheep erythrocytes and plasma. The therapeutic properties of these two preparations were also compared. We found that the surface-active substances improved intracellular penetration of the active substance through interaction with the cell membrane. In sheep blood erythrocytes, micellar diminazene accumulated more than its aqueous analog. This form was also more effective therapeutically than the aqueous analog. Our findings demonstrate that use of micellar diminazene allows the injection dose to be reduced by 30%

Biomaterial modification of urinary catheters with antimicrobials to give long-term broadspectrum antibiofilm activity

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the commonest hospital-acquired infection, accounting for over 100,000 hospital admissions within the USA annually. Biomaterials and processes intended to reduce the risk of bacterial colonization of the catheters for long-term users have not been successful, mainly because of the need for long duration of activity in flow conditions. Here we report the results of impregnation of urinary catheters with a combination of rifampicin, sparfloxacin and triclosan. In flow experiments, the antimicrobial catheters were able to prevent colonization by common uropathogens Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli for 7 to 12 weeks in vitro compared with 1–3 days for other, commercially available antimicrobial catheters currently used clinically. Resistance development was minimized by careful choice of antimicrobial combinations. Drug release profiles and distribution in the polymer, and surface analysis were also carried out and the process had no deleterious effect on the mechanical performance of the catheter or its balloon. The antimicrobial catheter therefore offers for the first time a means of reducing infection and its complications in long-term urinary catheter users

Inhibition of CD203c membrane up-regulation in human basophils by high dilutions of histamine: a controlled replication study

none5noPrevious research suggests that human basophil activation may be inhibited by histamine even at extremely low doses (high dilutions). In our experiment, membrane up-regulation of CD203c, which proved to be a more consistent activation marker than CD63, was significantly inhibited in samples treated with histamine at the dilutions of 2C, 12C, 14C, 15C and 16C. Control water dilutions/succussions did not show any significant effect. Therefore, using a strictly standardized flow cytometry protocol and a new dilution/succussion procedure, we have shown that low and high dilution of histamine do inhibit CD203c up-regulation in anti-IgE stimulated basophils.mixedS. Chirumbolo; M. Brizzi; R. Ortolani; A. Vella; P. BellaviteS. Chirumbolo; M. Brizzi; R. Ortolani; A. Vella; P. Bellavit