Is there a 1998bw-like supernova in the afterglow of gamma ray burst 011121?

We use the very simple and successful Cannonball Model (CB) of gamma ray bursts (GRBs) and their afterglows (AGs) to analyze the observations of the strongly extinct optical AG of the relatively nearby GRB 011121, which were made with ground-based telescopes at early times, and with the HST at later time. We show that GRB 011121 was indeed associated with a 1998bw-like supernova at the GRB's redshift, as we had specifically predicted for this GRB before the supernova could be observed.Comment: Submitted for publicatio

The vicissitudes of "cannonballs": a response to criticisms by A.M. Hillas and a brief review of our claims

A.M. Hillas, in a review of the origins of cosmic rays, has recently criticized the "cannonball" (CB) model of cosmic rays and gamma-ray bursts. We respond to this critique and take the occasion to discuss the crucial question of particle acceleration in the CB model and in the generally accepted models. We also summarize our claims concerning the CB model.Comment: 3.3 pages, no figure

Nature of Philosophy

The aim of this paper is to examine the nature, scope and importance of philosophy in the light of its relation to other disciplines. This work pays its focus on the various fundamental problems of philosophy, relating to Ethics, Metaphysics, Epistemology Logic, and its association with scientific realism. It will also highlight the various facets of these problems and the role of philosophers to point out the various issues relating to human issues. It is widely agreed that philosophy as a multi-dimensional subject that shows affinity to others branches of philosophy like, Philosophy of Science, Humanities, Physics and Mathematics, but this paper also seeks, a philosophical nature towards the universal problems of nature. It evaluates the contribution and sacrifices of the great sages of philosophers to promote the clarity and progress in the field of philosophy

The Cannonball Model of Gamma Ray Bursts: Lines in the X-Ray Afterglow

Recent observations suggest that gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and their afterglows are produced by jets of highly relativistic cannonballs (CBs), emitted in supernova explosions. The fully ionized CBs cool to a temperature below 4500 K within a day or two, at which point electron-proton recombination produces an intense Lyman-$\alpha$ emission. The line energy is Doppler-shifted by the CBs' motion to X-ray energies in the observer's frame. The measured line energies, corrected for their cosmological redshift, imply Doppler factors in the range 600 to 1000, consistent with those estimated -in the CB model- from the characteristics of the $\gamma$-ray bursts. All other observed properties of the lines are also well described by the CB model. Scattering and self-absorption of the recombination lines within the CB also produce a wide-band flare-up in the GRB afterglow, as the observations indicate. A very specific prediction of the CB model is that the X-ray lines ought to be narrow and move towards lower line energies as they are observed: their current apparently large widths would be the effect of time integration, and/or of the blending of lines from CBs with different Doppler factors.Comment: 8 pages, no figure

A (p,q)-extension of Srivastava's triple hypergeometric function H_B and its properties

In this paper, we obtain a (p,q)-extension of Srivastava's triple hypergeometric function HB(⋅), by using the extended Beta function Bp,q(x,y) introduced by Choi et al. (2014). We give some of the main properties of this extended function, which include several integral representations involving Exton's hypergeometric function, the Mellin transform, a differential formula, recursion formulas and a bounded inequality. In addition, a new integral representation of the extended Srivastava triple hypergeometric function involving Laguerre polynomials is obtained.</p

Proton synchrotron radiation of large-scale jets in active galactic nuclei

I propose a new mechanism for explanation of nonthernal X-ray emission of large-scale AGN jets. Namely, I assume that this radiation has synchrotron origin emitted by extremely high energy protons, and discuss implications of this model for several prominent hot spots and knots resolved by Chandra in Pictor A, 3C 120, PKS 0637-752, 3C 273.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures, submitted to MNRA