Nanoscale hydrodynamics near solids

This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in The Journal of Chemical Physics 148 (2018): 064107, and may be found at https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.5010401Density Functional Theory (DFT) is a successful and well-established theory for the study of the structure of simple and complex fluids at equilibrium. The theory has been generalized to dynamical situations when the underlying dynamics is diffusive as in, for example, colloidal systems. However, there is no such a clear foundation for Dynamic DFT (DDFT) for the case of simple fluids in contact with solid walls. In this work, we derive DDFT for simple fluids by including not only the mass density field but also the momentum density field of the fluid. The standard projection operator method based on the Kawasaki-Gunton operator is used for deriving the equations for the average value of these fields. The solid is described as featureless under the assumption that all the internal degrees of freedom of the solid relax much faster than those of the fluid (solid elasticity is irrelevant). The fluid moves according to a set of non-local hydrodynamic equations that include explicitly the forces due to the solid. These forces are of two types, reversible forces emerging from the free energy density functional, and accounting for impenetrability of the solid, and irreversible forces that involve the velocity of both the fluid and the solid. These forces are localized in the vicinity of the solid surface. The resulting hydrodynamic equations should allow one to study dynamical regimes of simple fluids in contact with solid objects in isothermal situationsThis research is supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain (MINECO) under Grant Nos. FIS2013-47350-C5-1-R and FIS2013-47350-C5-3-

Some psychosocial and cultural factors in the Arab-Israeli conflict: a review of the literature

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66497/2/10.1177_002200277201600210.pd

North African Influences and Potential Bias in Case-Control Association Studies in the Spanish Population

BACKGROUND: Despite the limited genetic heterogeneity of Spanish populations, substantial evidences support that historical African influences have not affected them uniformly. Accounting for such population differences might be essential to reduce spurious results in association studies of genetic factors with disease. Using ancestry informative markers (AIMs), we aimed to measure the African influences in Spanish populations and to explore whether these might introduce statistical bias in population-based association studies. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We genotyped 93 AIMs in Spanish (from the Canary Islands and the Iberian Peninsula) and Northwest Africans, and conducted population and individual-based clustering analyses along with reference data from the HapMap, HGDP-CEPH, and other sources. We found significant differences for the Northwest African influence among Spanish populations from as low as ≈ 5% in Spanish from the Iberian Peninsula to as much as ≈ 17% in Canary Islanders, whereas the sub-Saharan African influence was negligible. Strikingly, the Northwest African ancestry showed a wide inter-individual variation in Canary Islanders ranging from 0% to 96%, reflecting the violent way the Islands were conquered and colonized by the Spanish in the XV century. As a consequence, a comparison of allele frequencies between Spanish samples from the Iberian Peninsula and the Canary Islands evidenced an excess of markers with significant differences. However, the inflation of p-values for the differences was adequately controlled by correcting for genetic ancestry estimates derived from a reduced number of AIMs. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Although the African influences estimated might be biased due to marker ascertainment, these results confirm that Northwest African genetic footprints are recognizable nowadays in the Spanish populations, particularly in Canary Islanders, and that the uneven African influences existing in these populations might increase the risk for false positives in association studies. Adjusting for population stratification assessed with a few dozen AIMs would be sufficient to control this effect

Bahasa Arab dan peranannya dalam sejarah = The Arabic language : its role in history

ix, 242 p.; 21 cm

Bahasa Arab dan peranannya dalam sejarah (The Arabic Languange: Its Role in History)

ix+242hlm.;21c

Interspecific differences revealed with in drosophila photometric analysis

The above refer to experiments present a new method which permits the study of philogenesis in the genus Drosophila. There are several types of results: a) close kinship among the various geographical races of  D. melanogaster in the neo-tropics coincides with their spectrophotometric similarities; b) the interspecific differences are also identified with the photometric analysis; c) finally there are optical density affinities among the various species which belong to the same taxonomic groups.  Acknowledgment. The authors want to express their gratitude to Professor Everet of the physico-chemical laboratory of the National University for the use of his Beckman DU spectrophotometer and for his generous advice. This research is supported by the American Agricultural Research Service grant F. G. Co 107. For technical assistance we are indebted to Miss B. I. Cortés and to Mr. L. Castro

Advantages and thermodynamic limitations of the experimental sorption isosteric method

A review of advantages and thermodynamic limitations present in the sorption isosteric method (SIM) showed that SIM does not guarantee a constant adsorbed amount. Isosteres computed considering ideal gas behavior show that in SIM the mass of gas in the system dead volume increases as equilibrium pressure increases due to desorbed materials. SIM is useful and effective in obtaining highly accurate thermodynamic data for sorption of gases by microporous and nanoporous materials at low temperatures and pressures. At high temperatures and pressures desorption is not negligible, therefore SIM can not be applied. The errors in the calculation of the isosteric heat using SIM can be reduced using traditional experimental procedures such as adsorption isobars and isotherms to generate isosteres at high temperatures and pressures. Alternatively, corrections by pressure and temperature or an experiment that, after each temperature increase, allows gas dosage to compensate for the amount of mass desorbed would guarantee a constant adsorbed amount and, therefore, isosteric behavior by direct measurementsUna revisión de las ventajas y las limitaciones termodinámicas presentes en el método experimental sorción isostérica (SIM) muestra que el SIM no garantiza una cantidad adsorbida constante. Las isósteras calculadas que consideran comportamiento de gas ideal muestran que en el SIM la masa de gas en el volumen muerto del sistema al incrementar la presión de equilibrio debido a los materiales desorbidos. El SIM es útil y efectivo para obtener datos termodinámicos de alta precisión para la sorción de gases en materiales micro y nanoporosos a bajas presiones y temperaturas. Por el contrario, cuando la presión y la temperatura son altas la desorción no es despreciable, por lo tanto el SIM no es aplicable. Los errores en los cálculos del calor isostérico usando SIM pueden ser reducidos usando procedimientos experimentales tradicionales como las isobaras e isotermas de adsorción para generar las isósteras a altas presiones y temperaturas. Como alternativa, correcciones por presión y temperatura, o un experimento que, después de cada incremento de temperatura permita a la dosis de gas compensar la masa desorbida, garantizaría una cantidad adsorbida constante y, por consiguiente, un comportamiento isostérico mediante medidas directa

Effect of the CaO sintering on the calcination rate of CaCO3 under atmospheres containing CO2

For the calcination of CaCO3 under CO2-containing atmospheres, a mathematical model taking into account the CO2-catalyzed sintering of the CaO product layer is developed. In this model, a modified shrinking core model is coupled with a population balance-based sintering model. By comparing model predictions with experimental data, it is found that CO2 strongly affects the overall calcination rate both at high temperature and CO2 partial pressure, since under these conditions CaO densification considerably reduces the effective diffusivity of CO2 within product layer. It is observed that for large particles, the CO2-catalyzed sintering of CaO can produce the die off phenomenon, which takes place when the reaction stops due to the blockage of pores within product layer. Finally, it was determined that limestone impurities do not significantly affect the calcination reaction under atmospheres containing CO2, because CO2 causes a much greater increase of the CaO sintering rate than limestone impurities do. (c) 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 3638-3648, 201