Multiobjective Programming under Generalized Type I Invexity

AbstractIn this paper we extend a (scalarized) generalized type-I invexity into a vector invexity (V-type I). A number of sufficiency results are established using Lagrange multiplier conditions and under various types of generalized V-type I requirements. Weak, strong, and converse duality theorems are proved in the generalized V-invexity type I setting

Late Propagation in Near-Miss Clones: An Empirical Study

If two or more code fragments in the code-base of a software system are exactly or nearly similar to one another, we call them code clones. It is often important that updates (i.e., changes) in one clone fragment should be propagated to the other similar clone fragments to ensure consistency. However, if there is a delay in this propagation because of unawareness, the system might behave inconsistently. This delay in propagation, also known as late propagation, has been investigated by a number of existing studies. However, the existing studies did not investigate the intensity as well as the effect of late propagation in different types of clones separately. Also, late propagation in Type 3 clones is yet to investigate. In this research work we investigate late propagation in three types of clones (Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3) separately. According to our experimental results on six subject systems written in three programming languages, late propagation is more intense in Type 3 clones compared to the other two clone-types. Block clones are mostly involved in late propagation instead of method clones. Refactoring of block clones can possibly minimize late propagation. If not refactorable, then the clones that often need to be changed together consistently should be placed in close proximity to one another

Active Clones: Source Code Clones at Runtime

Code cloning is a common programming practice, and there have been aconsiderable amount of research that investigated the implications of code clones onsoftware maintenance using static analysis. However, little has been done to investigatethe runtime implications of code cloning. In this paper we investigate sourcecode clones at runtime, referring to clones as ‘active clones’ if they are invokedwhen a software system is in use. For example, if a particular use u of a systemresults in a clone c being invoked, we say that clone c is active with respect to useu. From this definition and given a set of uses fu1;u2; :::g and clones fc1;c2; :::gwe are able to identify the extent clones are active at runtime and analyze activeclone resource use (e.g., CPU time) and define and calculate a set of active clonemetrics to provide insights into source code cloning implications at runtime. We developeda hybrid static and dynamic analysis technique for detecting and analysingactive clones, and conducted an empirical study on five software systems (HSQLDB,JHotDraw, RText, jEdit and UniCentaoPOS) to validate our approach. We found asmall portion of clones are active during a typical use of a software system, and thatactive clones have the potential for guiding a software developer’s code inspectionactivity during a software maintenance task

Is first trimester body mass index of antenatal mothers associated with selected feto-maternal outcomes?

Background: Mothers are the creators and sustainers of progeny. The health and wellbeing of children is intimately linked with the health, nutrition, education and well-being of their mothers because she is both the seed as well as the soil where in the baby is nurtured for 9 months. Hence the present study was conducted to determine the association between first trimester body mass index (BMI) of antenatal mothers with the mode of delivery, birth weight and APGAR scores of new born babies at birth in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 115 antenatal mothers who reported to the Labor room in a tertiary care hospital of Pune during the period of Nov. 2017 to Feb. 2018, to determine the association between first trimester body mass index (BMI) of antenatal mothers with the mode of delivery, birth weight and APGAR scores of new born babies.Results: The findings were suggestive of increased odds of APGAR of 3.5 kg and gestational weight gain of >14 kg and greater odds of complications among new born babies born to the study participants of high BMI group than the new born babies born to the low BMI group.Conclusions: The study concluded that birth weight of the new born babies shows a clinically significant increasing trend in association with the increasing first trimester BMI of their mothers

Magnetoentropic signatures of the textured metamagnetic phase of an antiferromagnetic polar metal : Ca3Ru2O7

This work is supported by a KAKENHI Grants-in-Aids for Scientific Research (Grant Nos. 17H06136, 18K04715, and 21H01033), and Core-to-Core Program (No. JPJSCCA20170002) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and by a JST-Mirai Program (Grant No. JPMJMI18A3), and by the Max Planck Society.We report the magnetocaloric effect of a bilayered perovskite ruthenate Ca3Ru2O7 that has recently been recognized as an antiferromagnetic polar metal. The magnetic entropy change obtained from temperature dependence of the DC magnetization measurements shows peaks and valleys under the magnetic field near metamagnetic transitions, and enable us to map out a thermodynamic field–temperature phase-diagram. The area surrounded by the boundaries agrees well with a novel “metamagnetic texture” with spin modulation observed recently by small angle neutron scattering measurements. We demonstrate that a thermodynamically equilibrium state is realized between the antiferromagnetic and spin-polarized states throughout the metamagnetic transition in this polar metal.PostprintPeer reviewe