Key Learning Outcomes for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Education in Europe: A Modified Delphi Study.

Harmonizing clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) education in Europe is necessary to ensure that the prescribing competency of future doctors is of a uniform high standard. As there are currently no uniform requirements, our aim was to achieve consensus on key learning outcomes for undergraduate CPT education in Europe. We used a modified Delphi method consisting of three questionnaire rounds and a panel meeting. A total of 129 experts from 27 European countries were asked to rate 307 learning outcomes. In all, 92 experts (71%) completed all three questionnaire rounds, and 33 experts (26%) attended the meeting. 232 learning outcomes from the original list, 15 newly suggested and 5 rephrased outcomes were included. These 252 learning outcomes should be included in undergraduate CPT curricula to ensure that European graduates are able to prescribe safely and effectively. We provide a blueprint of a European core curriculum describing when and how the learning outcomes might be acquired

A phase I/II dose-escalation multi-center study to evaluate the safety of infusion of natural killer cells or memory T cells as adoptive therapy in coronavirus pneumonia and/or lymphopenia: RELEASE study protocol

Abstract Background: Moderate/severe cases of COVID-19 present a dysregulated immune system with T cell lymphopenia and a hyper-inflammatory state. This is a study protocol of an open-label, multi-center, double-arm, randomized, dose-finding phase I/II clinical trial to evaluate the safety, tolerability, alloreactivity, and efficacy of the administration of allogeneic memory T cells and natural killer (NK) cells in COVID-19 patients with lymphopenia and/or pneumonia. The aim of the study is to determine the safety and the efficacy of the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of this treatment for patients with moderate/severe COVID-19. Methods: In the phase I trial, 18 patients with COVID-19-related pneumonia and/or lymphopenia with no oxygen requirement or with an oxygen need of ≤ 2.5 liters per minute (lpm) in nasal cannula will be assigned to two arms, based on the biology of the donor and the patient. Treatment of arm A consists of the administration of escalating doses of memory T cells, plus standard of care (SoC). Treatment of arm B consists of the administration of escalating doses of NK cells, plus SoC. In the phase II trial, a total of 182 patients with COVID-19-related pneumonia and/or lymphopenia requiring or not oxygen supplementation but without mechanical ventilation will be allocated to arm A or B, considering HLA typing. Within each arm, they will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio. In arm A, patients will receive SoC or RP2D for memory T cells plus the SoC. In arm B, patients will receive SoC or RP2D for NK cells plus the SoC

Effect of the CYP3A5, CYP3A4, CYP3A7, ABCB1, POR and NR1I2 genes in the phar- macokinetics of tacrolimus in a pediatric cohort with stable serum concentrations after renal transplantation: study protocol

Estellés A., Lapunzina P., Borobia AM., Carcas AJ., Effect of the CYP3A5, CYP3A4, CYP3A7, ABCB1, POR and NR1I2 genes in the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in a pediatric cohort with stable serum concentrations after renal transplantation: study protocol. IBJ Clin Pharmacol 2017 1(1):e0005. Funding: The authors have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose. Competing Interests: The authors have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose BACKGROUND: Therapeutic response to pharmacological therapy in humans shows large intrapatient and interpatient variability both in treatment efficacy and adverse drug reactions (ADR). Part of this variability can be explained by genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding TAC metabolism related proteins. The aim of this study is to evaluate the contribution of genetic variation in the CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, POR, NR1I2 and ABCB1 genes to this variability in order to achieve a better understanding of TAC pharmacokinetics and a more personalized approach for TAC dosing in a cohort of pediatric patients with stable serum concentrations after renal transplantation

Immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of a second booster with BNT162b2 or full-dose mRNA-1273 : a randomized VACCELERATE trial in adults aged 6575 years (EU-COVAT-1-AGED Part B)

Abstract: Objectives To assess the safety and immunogenicity of a fourth vaccination (second booster) in individuals aged 6575 years. Methods Participants were randomized to BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, 30 \ub5g) or messenger RNA (mRNA)-1273 (Spikevax, 100 \ub5g). The primary end point was the rate of two-fold antibody titer increase 14 days after vaccination, targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) region of wild-type SARS-CoV-2. The secondary end points included changes in neutralizing activity against wild-type and 25 variants. Safety was assessed by monitoring solicited adverse events (AEs) for 7 days. Results A total of 269 participants (mean age 81 years, mRNA-1273 n = 135/BNT162b2 n = 134) were included. Two-fold anti-RBD immunoglobulin (Ig) G titer increase was achieved by 101 of 129 (78%) and 116 of 133 (87%) subjects in the BNT162b2 and the mRNA-1273 group, respectively (P = 0.054). A second booster of mRNA-1273 provided higher anti-RBD IgG geometric mean titer: 21.326 IU/mL (95% confidence interval: 18.235-24.940) vs BNT162b2: 15.181 IU/mL (95% confidence interval: 13.172-17.497). A higher neutralizing activity was noted for the mRNA-1273 group. The most frequent AE was pain at the injection site (51% in mRNA-1273 and 48% in BNT162b2). Participants in the mRNA-1273 group had less vaccine-related AEs (30% vs 39%). Conclusions A second booster of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 provided substantial IgG increase. Full-dose mRNA-1273 provided higher IgG levels and neutralizing capacity against SARS-CoV-2, with similar safety profile for subjects of advanced age