Synthesis of Tetrahydroxyazepanes from Shikimic Acid

The 13th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry session General Organic SynthesisWe describe herein a novel synthetical application of shikimic acid, which consist of its transformation into (3R,4S,5R,7S)-7-(hydroxymethyl)azepane-3,4,5-triolWe thank the Spanish Ministry Science and Innovation and the Xunta de Galicia for financial suppor

A New Approach to the Synthesis of Benzo[b]naphtho[2,3-b]furan-6,11-diones and 2-Benzyl-3-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-diones

Here we describe modified syntheses of o-acetylbenzoic acids and o-acetylphenylacetic acids by Heck palladium-catalysed arylation of n-butyl vinyl ether with o-iodobenzoic acids or with o-iodophenylacetic acids, respectively. General syntheses of benzo[b]naphtho[2,3-b]furan-6,11-diones from o-acetylbenzoic acids and 2-benzyl3-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-diones from o-acetylphenylacetic acids are also reported.This work has received financial support from the Xunta de Galicia (Centro singular de investigación de Galicia accreditation 2016–2019, ED431G/09; and Project GRC2014/040), the European Union (Europe- an Regional Development Fund-ERDF), FONDECYT (Research Grants 1161816 and 1141264) and Galchimia S.A.S

Sensibilidade de diferentes cultivares de oliveira aos ataques da mosca da azeitona, Bactrocera oleae (Gmel.) e da traça da oliveira, Prays oleae (Bern.).

Com o presente estudo pretendeu-se avaliar a diferenças de sensibilidade de três cultivares de oliveira à mosca da azeitona, Bactrocera oleae (Geml.) e/ou a sua preferência pelos adultos da traça da oliveira, Prays oleae (Bern.), para a realização das posturas. Os dados apresentados referem-se a 2000 e 2001, tendo sido obtidos através de amostragens realizadas em seis oliveiras de ‘Cobrançosa’, de ‘Verdeal Transmontana’ e de ‘Madural’. Os resultados obtidos mostram diferenças na data de ocorrência do estado receptivo à postura na geração antófaga da traça da oliveira (estado fenológico D) – que ocorreu cerca de uma semana mais cedo na ‘Madural’ e na ‘Verdeal Transmontana’ do que na ‘Cobrançosa’ –, bem como na maturação dos frutos – tendo sido a ‘Madural’ a mais temporã. A percentagem de frutos atacados pela traça da oliveira foi superior na ‘Cobrançosa’ e na ‘Madural’ comparativamente à ‘Verdeal Transmontana’. No caso da mosca da azeitona, observaram-se diferenças significativas entre cultivares, no que respeita à intensidade do ataque, com valores superiores a 85,0 % na ‘Madural’, em fins de Outubro. A ‘Verdeal Transmontana’ apresentou intensidades de ataque intermédios (superiores a 70,0 %), enquanto a ‘Cobrançosa’ apresentou os ataques mais baixos, com 38,0 %, em 2000 e 59,0 %, em 2001

Time delays in quasi-periodic pulsations observed during the X2.2 solar flare on 2011 February 15

We report observations of quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) during the X2.2 flare of 2011 February 15, observed simultaneously in several wavebands. We focus on fluctuations on time scale 1-30 s and find different time lags between different wavebands. During the impulsive phase, the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) channels in the range 25-100 keV lead all the other channels. They are followed by the Nobeyama RadioPolarimeters at 9 and 17 GHz and the Extreme Ultra-Violet (EUV) channels of the Euv SpectroPhotometer (ESP) onboard the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO). The Zirconium and Aluminum filter channels of the Large Yield Radiometer (LYRA) onboard the Project for On-Board Autonomy (PROBA2) satellite and the SXR channel of ESP follow. The largest lags occur in observations from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES), where the channel at 1-8 {\AA} leads the 0.5-4 {\AA} channel by several seconds. The time lags between the first and last channels is up to 9 s. We identified at least two distinct time intervals during the flare impulsive phase, during which the QPPs were associated with two different sources in the Nobeyama RadioHeliograph at 17 GHz. The radio as well as the hard X-ray channels showed different lags during these two intervals. To our knowledge, this is the first time that time lags are reported between EUV and SXR fluctuations on these time scales. We discuss possible emission mechanisms and interpretations, including flare electron trapping

Ants as predators of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma cacoeciae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) applied for biological control of the olive moth, Prays oleae (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in Portugal

The detrimental effect of predators on Trichogramma cacoeciae March. releases to control the olive moth, Prays oleae Bern., in the Trás-os-Montes region (Northeast of Portugal), was evaluated during three releases against the flower generation of the pest in 2002. At 1 and 3 h and at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after each release, 30 Trichogramma releasing cards were examined in the field and predators were collected and identified. Furthermore, at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after each release, the percentage of egg predation on the cards was also determined. Formicidae were the most abundant group of predators at 99.1% of the total individuals collected. Ten species were identified, Camponotus aethiops, C. lateralis, C. piceus, C. truncatus, Crematogaster auberti, C. scutellaris, Lasius niger, Leptotorax angustulus, Plagiolephis pygmaea and Tapinoma nigerrimum. T. nigerrimum was the most abundant species, both in total numbers as well as in the number of occupied cards. One day after release, the percentage of predation was 24.0% in the first release, 59.4% in the second and 38.0% in the third. Three days after release, the percentage of predation varied from 60.2 to 83.4% during the three release events. Seven days after release, the percentage of predation increased to 97.8% of the total eggs on cards

Multi-Objective Big Data Optimization with jMetal and Spark

Big Data Optimization is the term used to refer to optimization problems which have to manage very large amounts of data. In this paper, we focus on the parallelization of metaheuristics with the Apache Spark cluster computing system for solving multi-objective Big Data Optimization problems. Our purpose is to study the influence of accessing data stored in the Hadoop File System (HDFS) in each evaluation step of a metaheuristic and to provide a software tool to solve these kinds of problems. This tool combines the jMetal multi-objective optimization framework with Apache Spark. We have carried out experiments to measure the performance of the proposed parallel infrastructure in an environment based on virtual machines in a local cluster comprising up to 100 cores. We obtained interesting results for computational e ort and propose guidelines to face multi-objective Big Data Optimization problems.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech