Aurophilic interactions in polynuclear Au(I) complexes with phosphine ligands containing imidazole rings

Aurophilic interactions in polynuclear Au(I) complexes with phosphine ligands containing imidazole rings Fiorella Bachechiaa*, Alfredo Burinib, Rossana Galassib aIstituto di Strutturistica Chimica, C.N.R., Area della Ricerca di Roma, C.P. 10, 00016 Monterotondo St. (Roma), Italy., bDipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] Keywords: gold complexes, aurophilicity, crystal structures The tertiary phosphines of the type (Bzim)3-nPhnP, where Bzim is 1-benzyl-2-imidazolylphosphine and n varies from 0 to 2, were synthesised as part of a program aimed to the study of the coordination chemistry of phosphines containing imidazole rings. The softer character of imidazole, with respect to other heterocycles, turned out to be useful in the stabilization of complexes with soft metals as those of Group 11 in low oxidation states. These ligands can behave as monodentate or as P, N bidentate forming dinuclear cationic complexes. With Au(I) they were found to be able to favour the formation of intraand intermolecular aurophilic interactions. TheAu(I) complexes assume considerable interest when aurophilic bonds occur between gold atoms, since their chemical and physical properties change to particular characteristics with potential applications in electronic, optical or sensor devices. In particular short Au•••Au interactions are considered related to optoelectronic properties as observed in a number of polynuclear gold compounds. Here the structures of two Au(I) complexes are reported. The binuclear complex [μ-(Bzim)Ph2PAu2(C6F5)2] adopts a folded conformation with parallel, eclipsed C6F5 rings and a corresponding short AucccAu contact of 3.033(2)Å. The tetranuclear cluster complex {[μ-N,N’-(Bzim)3PAuCl]2 Au2}2+c AuCl2 - c AuCl4 - consists in a 12-membered macrocycle with two gold atoms coordinated to two (Bzim)3P molecules, in bridging mode, through the nitrogen atoms of the imidazole rings and two gold atoms coordinated to the phosphorus atoms of the (Bzim)3P ligands. Two chloride atoms complete the Au bicoordination. Three strong aurophilic interactions, Au(1)cccAu(4) [2.989(2)Å], Au(2)cccAu(3) [3.014(2)Å] andAu(1)cccAu(2) [3.257(3)Å], occur.Aweak gold-gold contact, Au(3)cccAu(4) [3.766(2)Å], is also present. Understanding molecular interactions 23r

Coinage metals trinuclear metallocycles: old and new aspects of this class of compounds

Coinage metals trinuclear metallocycles: old and new aspects of this class of compounds Galassi R. a, Oumarou C. S. a, Omary A. M. b, Nesterov V. b, Burini A.a aSchool of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino; e-mail: [email protected] b Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, 1155 Union Circle, TX 76203, USA; e-mail: [email protected] Azoles such as imidazoles and pyrazoles are optimal bridging ligands to obtain C,N or N,N trinuclear coinage metals metallocycles. Since past decade till now, few worldwide research groups including us have focused their attention to their synthesis and characterization.[1] Moreover, the photophysical properties[2] the extended network of metallophilic bondings in the supramolecular structure and the pi-acid/pi-base chemistry[3] of these compounds directed the research to theoretical studies bringing to a better interpretation of the experimental behaviors.[4] Here we report the synthesis of new coinage metals metallocycles and their spectroscopic characterizations highlighting points of continuity with the previous analogs and new features for new perspective research lines. As in example, the 1-vinylimidazole resembles the acid-base chemistry of the 1-benzylimidazole gold(I) metallocycle, while substitution in position 4,5 of 1-benzylimidazole with electron-withdrawing group, do not allow the formation of metallocycles with the same synthethic route and mononuclear gold(I) derivatives have been obtained. The nature of the heterocycle and of the substituents, in addition to their position in the azolate ligand defines and tunes the properties of the final products. References: 1) Galassi, R.; Burini, A.; Omary-Rawanashed, M., Omary, M. A., Comm. Inorg. Chem. 2014, in submission. 2) Rawashdeh-Omary, M. A.; Omary, M. A.; Fackler Jr, J. P, Galassi R., Pietroni, B. R.; Burini, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc 2001, 123; 9689-9691. 3) Burini, A.;. Fackler Jr, J. P; Galassi R., Grant, T. A.. Omary, M. A; Rawashdeh-Omary, M. A.; Pietroni, B. R.; Staples R. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000; 11264-11265. 4) Galassi, R.; Ricci, S.; Burini, A.; Macchioni, A; Marmottini, F.; Tekarli, S. M.; Nesterov, N.V.; Omary, M. A. Inorg. Chem. 2013, 52, 14124-14137

Estudo antropométrico e dietético de nadadores competitivos de áreas metropolitanas da região sudeste do Brasil

The daily food intake and alimentary frequency of competitive swimmers of two clubs representative of the two largest cities in Brazil (S.Paulo and Rio de Janeiro) were studied. The 30 males and 37 females studied belonged to the swimming categories "junior" (15-17 yrs old) and "senior" (18-25 yrs old). Food intake obtained from self-register and 24 hour-recall showed similar results and therefore the 24 hour-recall was used for comparisons with the literature. Ages within both sexes were anthropometrically similar. The most frequently eaten foodstaffs were similar to those quoted by the metropolitan population of the respective areas. Moroever, the athletes from both cities reported similar food-supplements. The energy intake was found to average almost double the estimated value for the respective metropolitan populations, but were similar to results obtained for swimmers all over the world. Snacks between meals supplied 25-28% of the overall energy intake. The main caloric source were cereals. However, despite their contribution of almost 50% of the total energy intake, carbohydrates attained a level of only 55-60% of that recommended for competitive athletes. On the other hand, the protein intake found (2.5-3.0 g/kg/day) exceeded the recommended values by 100%. The fat intake particularly of satured fat, was also considered high. The swimmers' intake of micronutrients was well abone that quoted by the regular population of these metropolitan areas, when related to the caloric intake, but the values of Mg, Fe and vitamins A and D were somecohot lower than those recommended. This is due to the higers energy intake of the swimmers. From these overall results it may be concluded that the alimentary pattern of the swimmers studied does not differ greatly from that of the local population, being distinguished by its higher and more frequent intake of caloric foods rather than by its qualitative aspects.Com o objetivo de caracterizar os ábitos alimentares de nadadores competitivos de dois clubes das cidades do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo, foram estudados atletas, 30 homens e 37 mulheres pertencentes às equipes juvenil (15-17 anos) e "seniors" (18-25 anos). Concomitantemente à avaliação antropométrica, foi feito o inquérito alimentar mediante os métodos de registro alimentar, recordatório de 24 horas e freqüência de consumo alimentar. Os resultados mostraram semelhança antropométrica entre as duas faixas etárias para cada um dos sexos, semelhança dos alimentos prevalentemente ingeridos com aqueles referidos pela população da área metropolitana das duas cidades e semelhança entre os suplementos alimentares ingeridos pelos atletas dos dois clubes. A ingestão calórica observada foi quase o dobro da referida para a população daquelas localidades, mas equivalente à descrita para nadadores de outros países. Os lanches, entre refeições, contribuíram com 25-28% da ingestão calórica global e a maior contribuição energética alimentar foi dada pelo grupo de cereais. Apesar de contribuir com quase 50% do aporte calórico diário, a ingestão glicídica foi menor que a recomendada para atletas competitivos (55-60%). A ingestão protéica de 2,5-3,0 g/kg/dia superou em 100% o valor recomendado para atletas e ultrapassou os 15% na participação calórica diária. A ingestão lipídica foi considerada elevada, particularmente a de gordura saturada. O aporte de micronutrientes foi acima do referido para as populações locais em função da ingestão calórica elevada, mas mostrou-se relativamente inadequado em magnésio, ferro e vitaminas A e D. Conclui-se que o padrão alimentar dos nadadores estudados não difere, muito, do da população local, distinguindo-se pelo elevado e freqüente consumo de alimentos energéticos, maior no sexo masculino que no feminino

Change detection of isolated housing using a new hybrid approach based on object classification with optical and TerraSAR-X data

Optical and microwave high spatial resolution images are now available for a wide range of applications. In this work, they have been applied for the semi-automatic change detection of isolated housing in agricultural areas. This article presents a new hybrid methodology based on segmentation of high-resolution images and image differencing. This new approach mixes the main techniques used in change detection methods and it also adds a final segmentation process in order to classify the change detection product. First, isolated building classification is carried out using only optical data. Then, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) information is added to the classification process, obtaining excellent results with lower complexity cost. Since the first classification step is improved, the total change detection scheme is also enhanced when the radar data are used for classification. Finally, a comparison between the different methods is presented and some conclusions are extracted from the study. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.Vidal Pantaleoni, A.; Moreno Cambroreno, MDR. (2011). Change detection of isolated housing using a new hybrid approach based on object classification with optical and TerraSAR-X data. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 32(24):9621-9635. doi:10.1080/01431161.2011.571297S962196353224BLAES, X., VANHALLE, L., & DEFOURNY, P. (2005). Efficiency of crop identification based on optical and SAR image time series. Remote Sensing of Environment, 96(3-4), 352-365. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2005.03.010Chen, Y., Shi, P., Fung, T., Wang, J., & Li, X. (2007). Object‐oriented classification for urban land cover mapping with ASTER imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 28(20), 4645-4651. doi:10.1080/01431160500444731Dalla Mura, M., Benediktsson, J. A., Bovolo, F., & Bruzzone, L. (2008). An Unsupervised Technique Based on Morphological Filters for Change Detection in Very High Resolution Images. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 5(3), 433-437. doi:10.1109/lgrs.2008.917726Dell’Acqua, F., & Gamba, P. (2006). Discriminating urban environments using multiscale texture and multiple SAR images. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 27(18), 3797-3812. doi:10.1080/01431160600557572Haralick, R. M., Shanmugam, K., & Dinstein, I. (1973). Textural Features for Image Classification. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC-3(6), 610-621. doi:10.1109/tsmc.1973.4309314Im, J., Jensen, J. R., & Tullis, J. A. (2008). Object‐based change detection using correlation image analysis and image segmentation. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 29(2), 399-423. doi:10.1080/01431160601075582Lhomme, S., He, D., Weber, C., & Morin, D. (2009). A new approach to building identification from very‐high‐spatial‐resolution images. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 30(5), 1341-1354. doi:10.1080/01431160802509017LOBO, A., CHIC, O., & CASTERAD, A. (1996). Classification of Mediterranean crops with multisensor data: per-pixel versus per-object statistics and image segmentation. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 17(12), 2385-2400. doi:10.1080/01431169608948779Lu, D., Mausel, P., Brondízio, E., & Moran, E. (2004). Change detection techniques. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25(12), 2365-2401. doi:10.1080/0143116031000139863Shimabukuro, Y. E., Almeida‐Filho, R., Kuplich, T. M., & de Freitas, R. M. (2007). Quantifying optical and SAR image relationships for tropical landscape features in the Amazônia. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 28(17), 3831-3840. doi:10.1080/01431160701236829Stramondo, S., Bignami, C., Chini, M., Pierdicca, N., & Tertulliani, A. (2006). Satellite radar and optical remote sensing for earthquake damage detection: results from different case studies. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 27(20), 4433-4447. doi:10.1080/01431160600675895Yuan, D., & Elvidge, C. D. (1996). Comparison of relative radiometric normalization techniques. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 51(3), 117-126. doi:10.1016/0924-2716(96)00018-

Avaliação do estado nutricional de cadelas com câncer de mama

O artigo não apresenta resumo

Anthropometric profile of brazilian elite female bodybuilders

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a composição corporal e o somatótipo de culturistas brasileiras de elite, participantes do XXVII Campeonato Brasileiro de Culturismo-Musculação. Onze atletas do sexo feminino (28,7 ± 5,4 anos; 55,9 ± 6,8 kg; 161,9 ± 7,2 cm) foram estudadas. Medidas antropométricas de massa corporal, estatura, espessura de dobras cutâneas, perímetros e diâmetros foram coletadas no dia da competição, pela manhã. Os valores da composição corporal foram os seguintes: percentual de gordura corporal, 8,1 ± 1,0%; massa corporal magra, 51,4 ± 6,5 kg; área muscular do braço, 52,98 ± 12,18 cm O somatótipo médio das atletas foi: endomorfía, 1,59 ± 0,53; mesomorfía, 4,45 ± 0,98; ectomorfia, 2,50 ± 0,80. As culturistas demonstraram baixos depósitos de gordura corporal e uma boa estrutura muscular, evidenciada pela predominância do componente mesomorfo. O acúmulo adiposo foi predominante na região da coxa. Os resultados indicam que as culturistas de elite têm alcançado um alto grau de definição muscular, semelhante ou ligeiramente inferior aos competidores do sexo masculino, associado a elevados níveis de desenvolvimento muscular, proporcionalidade e simetriaThe purpose of this paper was to analyze the body composition and somatotype of Brazilian elite female bodybuilders who participated of the XXVII Brazilian Bodybuilding Championship. Eleven female athletes (28.7 ± 5.4 years; 55.9 ± 6.8 kg; 161.9 ± 7.2 cm) were studied. Anthropometric measurements of body mass, height, skinfolds, girths, and breadths were collected in the morning of the competition day. The values of the body composition were as follows: percentage of body fat, 8.1 ± 1.0%; lean body mass, 51.4 ± 6.5 kg; arm muscle area, 52.98 ± 12.18 cm2 The medium somatotype of the athletes was: endomorphy, 1.59 ± 0.53; mesomorphy, 4.45 ± 0.98; ectomorphy, 2.50 ± 0.80. The bodybuilders showed low deposits of body fat and a good muscular structure, evidenced by the prevalence of the mesomorphic component. The accumulation of fat was prevalent on the region of the thigh. These results suggest that the elite female bodybuilders have reached a high degree of muscular definition, similar or slightly lower than that of male competitors, associated to the high levels of muscularity, proportionality and symmetr

Food-dependent, exercise-induced gastrointestinal distress

Among athletes strenuous exercise, dehydration and gastric emptying (GE) delay are the main causes of gastrointestinal (GI) complaints, whereas gut ischemia is the main cause of their nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and (blood) diarrhea. Additionally any factor that limits sweat evaporation, such as a hot and humid environment and/or body dehydration, has profound effects on muscle glycogen depletion and risk for heat illness. A serious underperfusion of the gut often leads to mucosal damage and enhanced permeability so as to hide blood loss, microbiota invasion (or endotoxemia) and food-born allergen absorption (with anaphylaxis). The goal of exercise rehydration is to intake more fluid orally than what is being lost in sweat. Sports drinks provide the addition of sodium and carbohydrates to assist with intestinal absorption of water and muscle-glycogen replenishment, respectively. However GE is proportionally slowed by carbohydrate-rich (hyperosmolar) solutions. On the other hand, in order to prevent hyponatremia, avoiding overhydration is recommended. Caregiver's responsibility would be to inform athletes about potential dangers of drinking too much water and also advise them to refrain from using hypertonic fluid replacements

In Patients with Established RA, Positive Effects of a Randomised Three Month WBV Therapy Intervention on Functional Ability, Bone Mineral Density and Fatigue Are Sustained for up to Six Months

Functional ability is often impaired for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), rendering these patients highly sedentary. Additionally, patients with RA often take medication known to negatively affect bone mass. Thus improving functional ability and bone health in this group of patients is important. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of whole body vibration (WBV) therapy in patients with stable, established RA. Thirty one females with RA were randomly assigned to a control group (CON, n = 15) who continued with their normal activities or a WBV group (n = 16) who underwent a three month WBV therapy intervention, consisting of 15 minutes of intermittent vibration, performed twice per week. Patients were assessed at baseline, three months, and three months post intervention for functional ability using the modified Health Assessment Questionnaire; for RA disease activity using the Clinical Disease Activity Index, for quality of life using self-report fatigue and pain scores; for physical activity profiles using accelerometry, and for BMD and body composition using DXA. Patients in both groups were matched for all variables at baseline. After the intervention period, functional ability was significantly improved in the WBV group (1.22(0.19) to 0.92(0.19), p = 0.02). Hip BMD was significantly reduced in the CON group (0.97(0.05) to 0.84(0.05) g.cm-2, p = 0.01), while no decreases were seen in the WBV group (1.01(0.05) to 0.94(0.05) g.cm-2, p = 0.50). Despite no change in RA disease activity in either group at either follow up, fatigue levels were improved in the WBV group (4.4(0.63) to 1.1(0.65), yet remained unchanged in the CON group at both follow ups (p = 0.01). Ten minute bouts of light to moderate physical activity were significantly reduced in the CON group after the intervention (2.8(0.61) to 1.8(0.64) bouts per day, p = 0.01), and were preserved in the WBV group (3.1(0.59) to 3.0(0.61) bouts per day, p = 0.70). Intermittent WBV shows promise for sustained improvements in functional ability, for attenuating loss of bone mass at the hip, as well as for decreasing fatigue in patients with established RA. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Pan African Clinical Trials Registry PACTR201405000823418