Relación entre parámetros de intercambio gaseoso y los primeros síntomas de Ulmus minor Mill. a la grafiosis

Research has been carried out into the identification of easily measured anatomical or physiological parameters that are related to resistance, with the aim of screening elms resistant to Dutch elm disease. Given that the factors which encourage diffusion of this disease in elms also lead to an increase in symptoms, it is hypothesised that estomatic conductance (gs) and specific leaf hydraulic conductivity (CH) could be related to susceptibility. These parameters were determined in 75 U. minor seedlings, aged 7, 6, 3 and 2 years old (n . 15), which were subsequently inoculated with the Dutch elm disease fungus. In plants of 7, 6, and 3 years a positive relationship was observed between gs at 14 hours, and the amount of wilting shown after 15 days (r2 > 0,40; P * 0,01). This relationship was shown weaker with the amount of wilting after 60 days in 7 and 6 year old plants, whilst in 3 year old plants it became nonsignificant. Similar results were obtained between CH and the amount of wilting after 15 days in elms of 6 and 7 years. It is thought that the relationships observed occured because a greater gas exchange favours the colonisation or diffusion of the pathogen within the tree. The fact that neither gs nor CH showed relationships with susceptibility in two year old plants makes it inadvisable to use these parameters for the early screening of resistant U. minor trees.Con el objetivo de encontrar olmos resistentes a la grafiosis se han tratado de encontrar parámetros anatómicos o fisiológicos, fácilmente medibles, relacionados con la resistencia. Dado que los factores que favorecen la difusión de la enfermedad en el árbol conducen a una mayor sintomatología, se plantea la hipótesis de que la conductancia estomática (gs) y la conductividad hidráulica foliar específica (CH) puedan tener relación con la susceptibilidad. Estos parámetros se determinaron en 75 ejemplares de la especie U. minor, con edades de 7, 6, 3 y 2 savias (n . 15). Los ejemplares fueron inoculados posteriormente con el hongo de la grafiosis. En plantas de 7, 6, y 3 savias se observó una relación positiva entre gs a las 14:00 h y el marchitamiento manifestado a los 15 días (r2 > 0,40; P * 0,01). La relación se hizo más débil con el marchitamiento manifestado a los 60 días, y en plantas de 3 savias dejó de ser significativa. Resultados similares se obtuvieron entre CH y el marchitamiento a los 15 días en olmos de 6 y 7 savias. Se piensa que las relaciones observadas responden a que un mayor intercambio gaseoso favorece la colonización o difusión del patógeno en el árbol. La falta de relación entre gs o CH y la susceptibilidad, en planta de 2 savias, desaconseja la utilización de estos parámetros para la selección precoz de U. minor resistentes

Percepción de la personalidad de marca en artículos deportivos en estudiantes universitarios españoles

his research analyzes the work that sports brands do to be present in the consumer mind, measuring the perception of the Brand Personality of some of the most important ones. Using the adapted version to the Spanish market of Brand Personality Scale created by Aaker in 1997, there were measured the perceptions of four of the most important current brands of sports material on the world market and particularly in the Spanish - Adidas, Nike, Puma and Decathlon-. his study realized with a sample of 424 survey respondents that mostly practiced sports. he study measured the existing diferences according to whether the respondent usually practiced sport, age, gender or if they had federative license. To do these, the Diferences were analyzed using Student’s t-test for independent samples between two groups or analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Schefé’s posthoc test for comparisons with more than two groups. A perfectly deined Brand Personality facilitates the consumer choice in an environment of overabundance of information. he results of study conirm that Adidas and Nike are those who obtain better punctuations in all the Dimensions of Brand Personality, primarily among young people, which are exactly the group of age who is their principal target. Moreover, Decathlon, stands out for its high valuation in Peacefulness, an aspect that can turn out to be an attraction to the increasing group of people who joins to the sports practice.Esta investigación analiza el trabajo que realizan las marcas deportivas para estar presentes en la mente del consumidor, midiendo la percepción de la Personalidad de Marca de algunas de las más importantes. Utilizando la versión adaptada al mercado español de la escala de Personalidad de Marca creada por Aaker en 1997, fueron medidas las percepciones de cuatro de las más importantes marcas de material deportivo presentes en el mercado mundial y particularmente en el español – Adidas, Nike, Puma y Decathlon-. El estudio se realizó con una muestra de 424 individuos que mayoritariamente eran practicantes de actividad física y deporte. Se midieron las diferencias existentes en función de si el encuestado practicaba habitualmente deporte, de la edad, del género o de si tenía licencia federativa. Para hacerlo se analizaron las diferencias por medio de la t de Student para muestras independientes entre dos grupos o el análisis de varianza (ANOVA) con prueba post-hoc de Schefé para comparaciones con más de dos grupos. Tener una Personalidad de Marca perfectamente deinida facilita la elección del consumidor, ayudando a la toma de decisiones en un entorno de sobreabundancia de información. Los resultados de nuestro estudio conirman que Adidas y Nike son las que obtienen mejores puntuaciones en todas las Dimensiones de Personalidad de Marca, principalmente entre los más jóvenes, que son justamente el grupo de edad al que suelen dirigir sus acciones de promoción. Por su parte, Decathlon, destaca por su buena valoración en la dimensión de Tranquilidad, un aspecto que puede resultar atractivo al creciente grupo de nuevos practicantes de actividad física

Construction of a plasmid vector based on the pMV158 replicon for cloning and inducible gene expression in Streptococcus pneumoniae

18 p.-4 fig.We report the construction of a plasmid vector designed for regulated gene expression in Streptococcus pneumoniae. The new vector, pLS1ROM, is based on the replicon of the streptococcal promiscuous rolling circle replication (RCR) plasmid pMV158. We inserted the controllable promoter PM of the S. pneumoniaemalMP operon, followed by a multi-cloning site sequence aimed to facilitate the insertion of target genes. The expression from PM is negatively regulated by the transcriptional repressor MalR, which is released from the DNA operator sequence by growing the cells in maltose-containing media. To get a highly regulated expression of the target gene, MalR was provided in cis by inserting the malR gene under control of the constitutive Ptet promoter, which in pMV158 directs expression of the tetL gene. To test the functionality of the system, we cloned the reporter gene gfp from Aequorea victoria, encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Pneumococcal cells harboring the recombinant plasmid rendered GFP fluorescence in a maltose-dependent mode with undetectable background levels in the absence of the inducer. The new vector, pLS1ROM, exhibits full structural and segregational stability and constitutes a valuable tool for genetic manipulation and regulated gene expression in S. pneumoniaeThis study was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Grants CSD2008-00013, INTERMODS to ME; BFU2007-63575 and BFU2010-19597, PNEUMOTALK to GdS) and the European Union (Grant EU-CP223111, CAREPNEUMO to ME)Peer reviewe

Interruption of cancer screening services due to COVID-19 pandemic: lessons from previous disasters

Purpose: To review the scientific literature seeking lessons for the COVID-19 era that could be learned from previous health services interruptions that affected the delivery of cancer screening services. Methods: A systematic search was conducted up to April 17, 2020, with no restrictions on language or dates and resulted in 385 articles. Two researchers independently assessed the list and discussed any disagreements. Once a consensus was achieved for each paper, those selected were included in the review. Results: Eleven articles were included. Three studies were based in Japan, two in the United States, one in South Korea, one in Denmark, and the remaining four offered a global perspective on interruptions in health services due to natural or human-caused disasters. No articles covered an interruption due to a pandemic. The main themes identified in the reviewed studies were coordination, communication, resource availability and patient follow-up. Conclusion: Lessons learned applied to the context of COVID-19 are that coordination involving partners across the health sector is essential to optimize resources and resume services, making them more resilient while preparing for future interruptions. Communication with the general population about how COVID-19 has affected cancer screening, measures taken to mitigate it and safely re-establish screening services is recommended. Use of mobile health systems to reach patients who are not accessing services and the application of resource-stratified guidelines are important considerations. More research is needed to explore best strategies for suspending, resuming and sustaining cancer screening programs, and preparedness for future disruptions, adapted to diverse health care systems

Mitochondrial ultrastructure and markers of dynamics in hepatocytes from aged, calorie restricted mice fed with different dietary fats

PMCID: PMC4104696In this paper we analyzed changes in hepatocyte mitochondrial mass and ultrastructure as well as in mitochondrial markers of fission/fusion and biogenesis in mice subjected to 40% calorie restriction (CR) for 18. months versus ad libitum-fed controls. Animals subjected to CR were separated into three groups with different dietary fats: soybean oil (also in controls), fish oil and lard. Therefore, the effect of the dietary fat under CR was studied as well. Our results show that CR induced changes in hepatocyte and mitochondrial size, in the volume fraction occupied by mitochondria, and in the number of mitochondria per hepatocyte. Also, mean number of mitochondrial cristae and lengths were significantly higher in all CR groups compared with controls. Finally, CR had no remarkable effects on the expression levels of fission and fusion protein markers. However, considerable differences in many of these parameters were found when comparing the CR groups, supporting the idea that dietary fat plays a relevant role in the modulation of CR effects in aged mice.Supported by NIH grant 1R01AG028125-01A1 (to JJR, PN and JMV), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and European FEDERBFU2011-23578 (to JMV), Junta de Andalucía Proyectos de Excelencia grant P09-CVI-4887 (to JMV), Junta de Andalucía Proyectos Internacionales (to JMV), and BIO-276 (Junta de Andalucía and the University of Córdoba, to JMV and EGC). JALD and LFdR were funded by predoctoral fellowships of the Spanish Ministerio de Educación and by BIO-276. HK was funded by a predoctoral fellowship of the Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional al Desarrollo and by BIO-276.Peer Reviewe

The influence of dietary fat source on liver and skeletal muscle mitochondrial modifications and lifespan changes in calorie-restricted mice

The Membrane Theory of Aging proposes that lifespan is inversely related to the level of unsaturation in membrane phospholipids. Calorie restriction (CR) without malnutrition extends lifespan in many model organisms, which may be related to alterations in membrane phospholipids fatty acids. During the last few years our research focused on studying how altering the predominant fat source affects the outcome of CR in mice. We have established four dietary groups: one control group fed 95 % of a pre-determined ad libitum intake (in order to prevent obesity), and three CR groups fed 40 % less than ad libitum intake. Lipid source for the control and one of the CR groups was soybean oil (high in n-6 PUFA) whereas the two remaining CR groups were fed diets containing fish oil (high in n-3 PUFA), or lard (high in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids). Dietary intervention periods ranged from 1 to 18 months. We performed a longitudinal lifespan study and a cross-sectional study set up to evaluate several mitochondrial parameters which included fatty acid composition, H+ leak, activities of electron transport chain enzymes, ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial ultrastructure, and mitochondrial apoptotic signaling in liver and skeletal muscle. These approaches applied to different cohorts of mice have independently indicated that lard as a fat source often maximizes the effects of 40 % CR on mice. These effects could be due to significant increases of monounsaturated fatty acids levels, in accordance with the Membrane Theory of Aging.Supported by NIH grant 1R01AG028125 (to JJR, PN and JMV), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BFU2011-23578 (to JMV), Junta de Andalucía Proyectos de Excelencia grant P09-CVI-4887 (to JMV), Junta de Andalucía Proyectos Internacionales grant (to JMV), and BIO-276 (Junta de Andalucía and the University of Córdoba, to JMV). RdC is funded by the Intramural Research program of the NIA/NIH. JALD, JA, LFdR and EGC were funded by a predoctoral fellowship of the Spanish Ministerio de Educación and BIO-276. HK was funded by a predoctoral fellowship of the Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional al Desarrollo and BIO-276. MCR and MdR were supported by BIO-276.Peer Reviewe

Impacto del cambio climático en la adaptación del cultivo de café (Coffea arabica L.) en Tabasco, México

Objective: To define the actual best potential areas for growing coffee in Tabasco state and its expected potential yields. Also, define its new distribution in the year 2050 under a climatic change scenario, as well as the impact of this scenario on the future potential yields. Design/methodology/approach: The FAO AgroEcological Zoning (AEZ) methodology was used to define the best areas to grow coffee and to estimate their potential yield in Tabasco state under current era and on a future climate change scenario for the year 2050 (FAO, 1981). The AEZ performed for the 2050 year takes in account a 1.6°C increment in the mean daily temperature for the selected climatic stations in the present study. Results: The resulting overlapping map of soil and climate most suitable potential areas shows that in Tabasco coffee has been grown in not optimal agro ecological conditions. Actually the more suitable and optimal areas for arabic type coffee in Tabasco covers a 59,400.24 ha out of the existing total 2,034,227.52 ha. Limitations of study/implications: There is a large group of new coffee clones in Mexico which leaf area and harvest index are unknown, getting hard to estimate their potential yields. Findings/conclusions: In the year 2050, under the worst climatic change scenario, the actual best potential areas to grow coffee in Tabasco will be reduced in 96.42% and their potential yields will also be reduced in 67% compared to the actual potential yields.Objetivo: Determinar las áreas más aptas para cultivar café en el estado de Tabasco, así como su rendimiento potencial actual. Determinar su redistribución para el año 2050 bajo un escenario de cambio climático, así como determinar el impacto de este cambio sobre los rendimientos potenciales futuros. Diseño/Metodología/Aproximación: Para la Zonificación Agro-Ecológica (ZAE) y la estimación de los rendimientos potenciales del café en el estado de Tabasco en la época actual y para el año 2050 se siguió el procedimiento propuesto por la FAO (FAO, 1981). La ZAE para el año 2050 se realizó incrementando en 1.6 °C las temperaturas promedio diarias de las estaciones climatológicas selectas. Resultados: El álgebra de mapa de las zonas con alto potencial climático y las zonas con alto potencial edafológico, indica que, en el estado de Tabasco se ha estado cultivando café en zonas que no son las más óptimas para este tipo de café.  Las áreas óptimas para café tipo arábiga se reducen a solo 59,400.24 ha de las 2,034,227.52 ha que bajo las condiciones climáticas actuales existen. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: Hay una amplia variedad de clones de café en México, de los cuales se desconoce el índice de área foliar e índice de cosecha, lo que dificulta estimar los rendimientos potenciales actuales. Hallazgos/conclusiones: Bajo el peor escenario de cambio climático, se reducirá en 92.46% las actuales áreas edafoclimáticamente muy aptas. El rendimiento potencial estimado actual para el café tipo arábiga, bajo el escenario de cambio climático para el año 2050, se verá reducido en promedio en 67%

The recording of open-air Palaeolithic engravings as support to a complex management: a proposal from Côa (Portugal) and Siega Verde (Salamanca, Spain)

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Síndromes muy poco frecuentes

Dismorfología, Citogenética y Clínica: Resultados de estudios sobre los datos del ECEMCIn an attempt to facilitate the knowledge of the malformation syndromes that have very few frequencies to pediatricians and first health care physicians, particularly to those of rural areas, we have selected six new syndromes. As in previous years, the syndromes are selected from the ECEMC database registry. In this Boletín we include the following syndromes: Townes-Bröcks, MMT, Smith-Lemli-Opitz, Coffin-Siris, Espleno-gonadal fusion, and Silver-Russell syndromes. For each syndrome, we described the most important clinical characteristics, and the present knowledge of their causal factors.N

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB): Pathogenesis, clinical, diagnostic and genetic aspects, molecular basis, epidemiological aspects, management of patients with EB and translational implications of mutation analysis

Dismorfología, Citogenética y Clínica: Resultados de estudios sobre los datos del ECEMCUnder the term "Epidermolysis Bullosa" (EB), there is a heterogeneous group of vesicular disorders that are generally congenital and of genetic origin, and affect skin and often mucosas. It is remarkable the extreme fragility of these epithelia; the vesicles arise spontaneously as well as induced by even slight trauma or the influence of high temperatures. Their content is sero-hemorrhagic and in the scarring can be very difficult. As a consecuence of the scarring processes, joint contractures and fusion of digits (pseudo-syndactyly) can occur. Pathogenetically, EB is caused by abnormal blistering at the basement membrane zone in the dermal-epidermal attachment zone and its surroundings. This is due to alterations in the attachment complexes, and some mutations have been identified in a total of 10 genes expressed in such level. Four main types of EB can be distinguished (simple, junctional, dystrophic and hemidesmosomal), depending on the level at which the cleavage that forms the bulla takes place, although about 30 subtypes have been described. The clinical characteristics or optic microscopy are not adequate for diagnosis, and it is mandatory to perform electron microscopy, immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical studies, as well as mutation analysis if available. Regarding the epidemiological aspects, in the Spanish Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECEMC), since 1976 up to December 2004, a total of 2,204,264 liveborn infants were controlled and, among them 27 cases have been identified, for a minimum frequency of 0.12 per 10,000 (95% confidence interval:0.08-0.18). It seems generally accepted that the determination of the frequency of EB is subject to multiple biases and registration of cases is always incomplete. We have also reviewed the issues related to management of EB patients by clinicians.N