Characterization of Uinta Basin oil sand bitumens

Results of the analyses of the saturate and monoaromatic fractions of four Uinta Basin bitumens (southwest Whiterocks, northwest Whiterocks, Asphalt Ridge and Sunnyside) are presented in this paper. After separating the bitumen samples into several fractions using solvent extraction and elution chromatography, peak-by-peak analysis was performed on the saturate and monoaromatic fractions using GC-MS. The saturated compounds were predominantly polycyclic naphthenes, while the monoaromatics were mostly naphthenoaromatics. Samples from all of the deposits contained a significant number of compounds in the carbon-number range C[sub 27]--C[sub 30] due to the presence of steranes and hopanes. Carbon number and Z-number distributions were produced using sorting and quantitation procedures developed in this project. Although the four samples were believed to be of common origin and maturity, significant differences in carbon-number distributions and chemical-type distributions were shown to exist. Even two samples from the same deposit (Whiterocks) exhibited significant differences. Relative abundances of steranes and of hopanes with a carbon number greater than C[sub 30] were used as measures of the relative degree of biodegradation of the samples. It was found that biodegradation increased as follows: southwest Whiterocks < northwest Whiterocks < Asphalt Ridge < Sunnyside

Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serotype Paratyphi A Gene Expression in the Blood of Bacteremic Patients in Bangladesh

Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A is a significant and emerging global public health problem and accounts for one fifth of all cases of enteric fever in many areas of Asia. S. Paratyphi A only infects humans, and the lack of an appropriate animal model has limited the study of S. Paratyphi A infection. In this study, we report the application of an RNA analysis method, Selective Capture of Transcribed Sequences (SCOTS), to evaluate which S. Paratyphi A genes are expressed directly in the blood of infected humans. Our results provide insight into the bacterial adaptations and modifications that S. Paratyphi A may need to survive within infected humans and suggest that similar approaches may be applied to other pathogens in infected humans and animals

Characterization of Uinta Basin oil sand bitumens

Results of the analyses of the saturate and monoaromatic fractions of four Uinta Basin bitumens (southwest Whiterocks, northwest Whiterocks, Asphalt Ridge and Sunnyside) are presented in this paper. After separating the bitumen samples into several fractions using solvent extraction and elution chromatography, peak-by-peak analysis was performed on the saturate and monoaromatic fractions using GC-MS. The saturated compounds were predominantly polycyclic naphthenes, while the monoaromatics were mostly naphthenoaromatics. Samples from all of the deposits contained a significant number of compounds in the carbon-number range C{sub 27}--C{sub 30} due to the presence of steranes and hopanes. Carbon number and Z-number distributions were produced using sorting and quantitation procedures developed in this project. Although the four samples were believed to be of common origin and maturity, significant differences in carbon-number distributions and chemical-type distributions were shown to exist. Even two samples from the same deposit (Whiterocks) exhibited significant differences. Relative abundances of steranes and of hopanes with a carbon number greater than C{sub 30} were used as measures of the relative degree of biodegradation of the samples. It was found that biodegradation increased as follows: southwest Whiterocks < northwest Whiterocks < Asphalt Ridge < Sunnyside