Organic materials, mineral fertilizer and liming effects on yield of flooded rice

O sistema de manejo adotado para as áreas produtoras de arroz irrigado na região Norte Fluminense, RJ, tem conduzido a um progressivo desgaste da camada orgânica dos gleissolos. O efeito de alguns componentes do manejo do solo, como a adubação e a calagem, foi o objetivo do presente estudo. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, com amostras de dois horizontes (A e Cg) de um solo gley pouco húmico, coletado no vale do Rio São João, RJ, onde foi avaliado o efeito da adição de estrume bovino, palha de arroz, NPK e calagem, mais as interações entre tratamentos, sobre o rendimento do arroz irrigado. Constatou-se que o horizonte superficial A propiciou um melhor desenvolvimento vegetativo e rendimento de grãos, em comparação com o horizonte subsuperficial (Cg). A adubação mineral aumentou o peso de matéria seca da palhada e das raízes e o rendimento de grãos em ambos os horizontes, enquanto o esterco aumentou os valores destes parâmetros apenas no horizonte A. A incorporação de palha aumentou o peso da palhada e das raízes, mas diminuiu o rendimento de grãos no horizonte A, enquanto no subsuperficial (Cg) diminuiu o rendimento da matéria seca da palhada e não permitiu a formação de grãos.The management system adopted in flooded rice fields in the North region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, has caused a progressive reduction in the organic layer of gley soils. The pre- sent work investigates the effects of fertilizer and lime on this system. The experiment was carried out in a greehouse, using soil samples of two horizons (A and Cg) of a low humic gley soil from the valley of the São João River, RJ. The effects of addition of cow manure, rice straw, NPK and lime, singly or in combination, on rice yield, were investigated. Results indicated highly significant differences between soil horizons, showing better responses under superficial horizon (A) as compared to the subsuperficial horizon (Cg). Mineral fertilization increased dry matter production of rice tops and grains on both soil horizons, while cattle manure increased these parametres only on the superficial one. Rice straw application also raised dry matter production of rice tops, but decreased grain yeld on superficial horizon, while on subsuperficial one it reduced dry matter production of the tops and did not induce grain formation

Caracterização da autoincompatibilidade em populações segregantes de macieira via marcadores de DNA para alelos S.

Abstract - The objective of this study was to characterize the parents and respective populations of apple trees regarding S-alleles to confirm their genealogy and to evaluate the efficiency of the molecular markers used. Sixteen specific sets of primers were used for identification of apple S-alleles by PCR. Two segregating populations of the Epagri Apple Breeding Program resulting from crosses between ?Fred Hough? × ?Monalisa? and ?M-11/00? × ?M-13/91? were evaluated. The expected segregations are 1:1:1:1 for full compatibility and 1:1 for semi-compatibility, which can be confirmed by the X2 test. The ?Fred Hough? (S5 S19) × ?Monalisa? (S2 S10) cross proved to be fully compatible; and two triploids were identified among the hybrids as well. The ?M-11/00? (S3 S19) × ?M-13/91? (S3 S5 ) cross was characterized as semi-compatible based on DNA markers, and the segregation of the S-alleles in the hybrids was 1:1, as expected. The segregation of the DNA markers occurred together with their respective S-alleles: S2, S3 , S5 , S10, and S19. Thus, characterization of the S-alleles not only allowed identification of compatibility between parents but also identified contaminations in segregating populations. Index terms: Malus × domestica Borkh., S genotype, S-RNase, allele-specific PCR, segregation. Caracterização da autoincompatibilidade em populações segregantes de macieira via marcadores de DNA para alelos S Resumo - O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar genitores e respectivas populações de macieiras quanto aos alelos S para confirmar sua genealogia e para avaliar a eficiência dos marcadores moleculares utilizados. Conjuntos específicos de iniciadores foram utilizados para a identificação dos alelos S via PCR. Foram avaliadas duas populações segregantes do Programa de Melhoramento Genético de Macieira da Epagri resultantes dos cruzamentos entre ?Fred Hough? × ?Monalisa? e ?M-11/00? × ?M-13/91?. As segregações esperadas são 1:1:1:1 para compatibilidade total e 1:1 para semi compatibilidade, que podem ser confirmadas pelo teste X2 . O cruzamento ?Fred Hough? (S5 S19) × ?Monalisa? (S2 S10) foi identificado como totalmente compatível, e foram identificados dois triploides entre os híbridos. O cruzamento entre ?M-11/00? (S3 S19) × ?M-13/91? (S3 S5 ) mostrou-se semicompatível baseado nos marcadores moleculares, e a segregação dos alelos S nos híbridos foi de 1:1, como esperado. A segregação dos marcadores de DNA para S2 , S3, S5, S10 e S19 ocorreujuntamente com seus respectivos alelos S. Dessa forma, a caracterização dos alelos S, além de permitir identificar a compatibilidade entre os genitores, serviu para identificar contaminações em populações segregantes. Termos para indexação: Malus × domestica Borkh., genótipo S, S-RNase, PCR alelo-específico, segregação. 1 Industrial biotechnologist, M.Sc. Doctora

Transferência de tecnologia em práticas promotoras de rendimento de grãos de milho em instituições de ensino agrotécnico do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa catarina, safra 2004/2005.

bitstream/CNPT-2010/40665/1/p-do47.pd

Fine-mapping of 5q12.1-13.3 unveils new genetic contributors to caries

Caries is a multifactorial disease and little is still known about the host genetic factors influencing susceptibility. Our previous genome-wide linkage scan has identified the interval 5q12.1–5q13.3 as linked to low caries susceptibility in Filipino families. Here we fine-mapped this region in order to identify genetic contributors to caries susceptibility. Four hundred and seventy-seven subjects from 72 pedigrees with similar cultural and behavioral habits and limited access to dental care living in the Philippines were studied. DMFT scores and genotype data of 75 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were evaluated in the Filipino families with the Family-Based Association Test. For replication purposes, a total 1,467 independent subjects from five different populations were analyzed in a case-control format. In the Filipino cohort, statistically significant and borderline associations were found between low caries experience and four genes spanning 13 million base pairs (PART1, ZSWIM6, CCNB1, and BTF3). We were able to replicate these results in some of the populations studied. We detected PART1 and BTF3 expression in whole saliva, and the expression of BTF3 was associated with caries experience. Our results suggest BTF3 may have a functional role in protecting against caries.Fil: Shimizu, T.. Nihon University of Dentistry; JapónFil: Deeley, K.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Briseño Ruiz, J.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Faraco Junior, I. M.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Poletta, Fernando Adrián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno". CEMIC-CONICET.; ArgentinaFil: Brancher, J. A.. Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná; BrasilFil: Pecharki, G. D.. Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná; BrasilFil: Küchler, E. C.. Universidade Federal Fluminense; BrasilFil: Tannure, P. N.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Lips, A.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Vieira, T. C. S.. Universidade Federal Fluminense; BrasilFil: Patir, A.. Istanbul Medipol Universit; TurquíaFil: Yildirim, M.. Istanbul University; TurquíaFil: Mereb, J. C.. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas “Norberto Quirno”; ArgentinaFil: Resick, J. M.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Brandon, C. A.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Cooper, M. E.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Seymen, F.. Istanbul University; TurquíaFil: Costa, M. C.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Granjeiro, J. M.. Universidade Federal Fluminense; BrasilFil: Trevilatto, P. C.. Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná; BrasilFil: Orioli, I. M.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas “Norberto Quirno”; ArgentinaFil: Castilla, Eduardo Enrique. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno". CEMIC-CONICET.; ArgentinaFil: Marazita, M. L.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Vieira, A. R.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados Unido

Enamel Formation Genes Influence Enamel Microhardness Before and After Cariogenic Challenge

There is evidence for a genetic component in caries susceptibility, and studies in humans have suggested that variation in enamel formation genes may contribute to caries. For the present study, we used DNA samples collected from 1,831 individuals from various population data sets. Single nucleotide polymorphism markers were genotyped in selected genes (ameloblastin, amelogenin, enamelin, tuftelin, and tuftelin interacting protein 11) that influence enamel formation. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between groups with distinct caries experience. Associations with caries experience can be detected but they are not necessarily replicated in all population groups and the most expressive results was for a marker in AMELX (p = 0.0007). To help interpret these results, we evaluated if enamel microhardness changes under simulated cariogenic challenges are associated with genetic variations in these same genes. After creating an artificial caries lesion, associations could be seen between genetic variation in TUFT1 (p = 0.006) and TUIP11 (p = 0.0006) with enamel microhardness. Our results suggest that the influence of genetic variation of enamel formation genes may influence the dynamic interactions between the enamel surface and the oral cavity. © 2012 Shimizu et al

Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in the presence of variable viscosity for mudflow resuspension in estuaries

The temporal stability of a parallel shear flow of miscible fluid layers of dif- ferent density and viscosity is investigated through a linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulations. The geometry and rheology of this Newto- nian fluid mixing can be viewed as a simplified model of the behavior of mud- flow at the bottom of estuaries for suspension studies. In this study, focus is on the stability and transition to turbulence of an initially laminar configuration. A parametric analysis is performed by varying the values of three control pa- rameters, namely the viscosity ratio, the Richardson and Reynolds numbers, in the case of initially identical thickness of the velocity, density and viscosity profiles. The range of parameters has been chosen so as to mimic a wide variety of real configurations. This study shows that the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is controlled by the local Reynolds and Richardson numbers of the inflection point. In addition, at moderate Reynolds number, viscosity strat- ification has a strong influence on the onset of instability, the latter being enhanced at high viscosity ratio, while at high Reynolds number, the influ- ence is less pronounced. In all cases, we show that the thickness of the mixing layer (and thus resuspension) is increased by high viscosity stratification, in particular during the non-linear development of the instability and especially pairing processes. This study suggests that mud viscosity has to be taken into account for resuspension parameterizations because of its impact on the inflec- tion point Reynolds number and the viscosity ratio, which are key parameters for shear instabilities

Femmes à l’œuvre dans la construction des savoirs

Le volume de contributions réunies ici est issu de deux programmes de recherche pluridisciplinaires menés en 2017 et 2018 à l’Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée, devenue Université Gustave Eiffel en 2020 : « Visibilité, invisibilité des Savoirs des Femmes » et « Visiautrices, visibilité des femmes de lettres dans l’enseignement secondaire et supérieur ». Ces recherches visent à mieux connaître le rôle joué par des femmes dans la construction des savoirs en s’intéressant à leurs œuvres. Elles mettent au jour les principes qui fondent la construction des savoirs, les épistémologies dans leur contexte social et historique. Les contributions montrent les différentes stratégies de femmes qui, du xvie au xxe siècle, ont créé les espaces de leur action, de leur pensée et de la conservation de sa mémoire, un lieu d’interaction entre le privé et le public, le sujet et le monde. L’étude des œuvres et de leur réception permet d’observer les choix stratégiques faits par les créatrices pour donner forme à leur pensée, à leur connaissance, en s’insérant dans le jeu de force institué par les rapports de pouvoir. Elle révèle les mécanismes paradoxaux qui les régissent en donnant une place centrale aux mécanismes de visibilité et d’invisibilité qui les affectent. Chaque étude s’attache à montrer la complexité de la position de ces femmes qui ont fait œuvre, et notamment œuvre écrite, en participant à la construction des savoirs de leur temps dans des domaines aussi divers que la médecine, la botanique, la philosophie, la pensée religieuse, l’anthropologie, l’ethnologie, la politique, l’histoire, la littérature et les arts

Les métamorphoses, entre fiction et notion

Centré sur la représentation des métamorphoses naturelles, ce volume se propose d’étudier des échanges croisés entre fiction et science, dans une perspective transséculaire et interdisciplinaire. Il développe une réflexion sur les potentialités épistémologiques et esthétiques de l’idée de métamorphose, et cherche à mettre en lumière les enjeux idéologiques, philosophiques ou religieux, qui se rattachent à cette notion du xvie au xxie siècle

Animalhumanité

Centré sur les représentations de l’expérimentation animale depuis le xvie siècle, aussi bien dans la science que dans la littérature, ce volume aborde les débats sur la vivisection et la cause animale dans leurs dimensions éthiques, philosophiques, culturelles voire idéologiques, en tenant compte de la perspective historique, de l’évolution de la conception des rapports entre l’homme et les animaux à partir du xixe siècle