The ABA-Deficiency Suppressor Locus HAS2 Encodes the PPR Protein LOI1/MEF11 Involved in Mitochondrial RNA Editing

The hot ABA-deficiency suppressor2 (has2) mutation increases drought tolerance and the ABA sensitivity of stomata closure and seed germination. Here we report that the HAS2 locus encodes the MITOCHONDRIAL EDITING FACTOR11 (MEF11), also known as LOVASTATIN INSENSITIVE1. has2/mef11 mutants exhibited phenotypes very similar to the ABA-hypersensitive mutant, hai1-1 pp2ca-1 hab1-1 abi1-2, which is impaired in four genes encoding type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2C) that act as upstream negative regulators of the ABA signaling cascade. Like pp2c, mef11 plants were more resistant to progressive water stress and seed germination was more sensitive to paclobutrazol (a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor) as well as mannitol and NaCl, compared with the wild-type plants. Phenotypic alterations in mef11 were associated with the lack of editing of transcripts for the mitochondrial cytochrome c maturation FN2 (ccmFN2) gene, which encodes a cytochrome c-heme lyase subunit involved in cytochrome c biogenesis. Although the abundance of electron transfer chain complexes was not affected, their dysfunction could be deduced from increased respiration and altered production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in mef11 seeds. As minor defects in mitochondrial respiration affect ABA signaling, this suggests an essential role for ABA in mitochondrial retrograde regulation

The identification of problems in the rubber compound production process using selected methods and quality management tools

The paper presents theoretical basis for problem identification related to the production of rubber mixture in which they were characterized methods and tools for quality management. The main aim of the paper is use of selected methods and tools to identify problems during the production of rubber mixture in the enterprise. Based on information and observation were identified problems occurring in individual stages the actual production process of rubber compound. The aim were gathered information the process, have been applied tools in the form of a control sheet and block diagram. To illustrate and present particular causes and effects of defects it was made Ishikawa diagram, which it was the starting point for the analysis FMEA to determine the level of risk and to develop preventive actions. Based on the collected data, identification of the most common problems using the Pareto-Lorenzo diagram has been made