Fungos associados às sementes de tento e maranhoto.

A utilização de sementes sadias é fundamental para o sucesso de um empreendimento florestal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e quantificar os fungos associados às sementes de tento (Ormosia sp.) e maranhoto (Phyllanthus nobilis (L. f.) Müll. Arg). Os experimentos foram realizados no Laboratório de Fitopatologia da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, em Belém, Pará. As sementes testadas foram cedidas pelo Laboratório de Sementes Florestais da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. Foram analisadas 50 sementes de tento e 50 de maranhoto, originárias de Belterra e Bonito, estado do Pará. As amostras foram divididas em sub-amostras de 25 sementes, com e sem assepsia, para realização dos testes de sanidade em meio de cultura de Batata-Dextrose-Agar (BDA). As sementes contaminadas foram analisadas e lâminas das culturas fúngicas foram avaliadas sob microscópio óptico. Aspergillus sp. foi o único fungo detectado nas duas espécies. A infestação nas sementes de maranhoto e tento, com assepsia, foi de 8% e 36%, enquanto que, nas sem assepsia, foi de 80% e 44%, respectivamente. A assepsia utilizada nos ensaios (hipoclorito de sódio a 1%, por cinco minutos) mostrou maior eficiência nas sementes de maranhoto do que de nas de tento, visto que nestas últimas o índice de infestação por Aspergillus foi considerado alto quando comparado com o tratamento sem assepsia

Health Researchers' Use of Social Media: Scoping Review.

BackgroundHealth researchers are increasingly using social media in a professional capacity, and the applications of social media for health researchers are vast. However, there is currently no published evidence synthesis of the ways in which health researchers use social media professionally, and uncertainty remains as to how best to harness its potential.ObjectiveThis scoping review aimed to explore how social media is used by health researchers professionally, as reported in the literature.MethodsThe scoping review methodology guided by Arksey and O'Malley and Levac et al was used. Comprehensive searches based on the concepts of health research and social media were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, and Web of Science databases, with no limitations applied. Articles were screened at the title and abstract level and at full text by two reviewers. One reviewer extracted data that were analyzed descriptively to map the available evidence.ResultsA total of 8359 articles were screened at the title and abstract level, of which 719 were also assessed at full text for eligibility. The 414 articles identified for inclusion were published in 278 different journals. Studies originated from 31 different countries, with the most prevalent being the United States (52.7% [218/414]). The health discipline of the first authors varied, with medicine (33.3% [138/414]) being the most common. A third of the articles covered health generally, with 61 health-specific topics. Papers used a range of social media platforms (mean 1.33 [SD 0.7]). A quarter of the articles screened reported on social media use for participant recruitment (25.1% [104/414]), followed by practical ways to use social media (15.5% [64/414]), and use of social media for content analysis research (13.3% [55/414]). Articles were categorized as celebratory (ie, opportunities for engagement, 72.2% [299/414]), contingent (ie, opportunities and possible limitations, 22.7% [94/414]) and concerned (ie, potentially harmful, 5.1% [21/414]).ConclusionsHealth researchers are increasingly publishing on their use of social media for a range of professional purposes. Although most of the sentiment around the use of social media in health research was celebratory, the uses of social media varied widely. Future research is needed to support health researchers to optimize their social media use

A mela da soja no Estado do Pará nas safras de 2003 a 2005.

bitstream/item/18796/1/com.tec.152.pdfNa publicação: Ruth Linda Benchimo

Ocorrência da murcha de Sclerotium no feijão caupi no estado do Pará.

Edição dos resumos do 44º Congresso Brasileiro de Fitopatologia, 2011, Bento Gonçalves. Resumo 1173

Levantamento fitosanitário em sementes de Cecropia pachystachya Trec.

O estudo sanitário de sementes tem grande importância, pois a partir deste que podem ser adotadas medidas de preventivas aos danos causados por patógenos em potencial. Este trabalho objetivou realizar o levantamento da microflora fúngica em sementes de embaúba branca (Cecropia pachystachya Trec), visando fornecer subsídios para a produção de mudas desta espécie. O teste de sanidade foi realizado pelo método do papel de filtro (?Blotter Test?), seguindo recomendações das Regras de Análise de Sementes. Como tratamento, foi realizada a assepsia nas sementes com Hipoclorito de Sódio (NaClO) a 1 %, por 3 minutos, sendo a testemunha constituída de sementes sem assepsia. Foram detectados dois gêneros de fungos: Aspergillus sp e Penicillium sp, tendo maior incidência o primeiro, com o percentual de 70,5% no tratamento sem assepsia. As sementes estudadas apresentaram elevada infestação em ambos os tratamentos, porém, as sementes tratadas com assepsia apresentaram menor incidência de fungos quando comparadas à testemunha, para ambos os gêneros detectados

Widespread forest vertebrate extinctions induced by a mega hydroelectric dam in lowland Amazonia

Mega hydropower projects in tropical forests pose a major emergent threat to terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity worldwide. Despite the unprecedented number of existing, underconstruction and planned hydroelectric dams in lowland tropical forests, long-term effects on biodiversity have yet to be evaluated. We examine how medium and large-bodied assemblages of terrestrial and arboreal vertebrates (including 35 mammal, bird and tortoise species) responded to the drastic 26-year post-isolation history of archipelagic alteration in landscape structure and habitat quality in a major hydroelectric reservoir of Central Amazonia. The Balbina Hydroelectric Dam inundated 3,129 km2 of primary forests, simultaneously isolating 3,546 land-bridge islands. We conducted intensive biodiversity surveys at 37 of those islands and three adjacent continuous forests using a combination of four survey techniques, and detected strong forest habitat area effects in explaining patterns of vertebrate extinction. Beyond clear area effects, edge-mediated surface fire disturbance was the most important additional driver of species loss, particularly in islands smaller than 10 ha. Based on species-area models, we predict that only 0.7% of all islands now harbor a species-rich vertebrate assemblage consisting of ≥80% of all species. We highlight the colossal erosion in vertebrate diversity driven by a man-made dam and show that the biodiversity impacts of mega dams in lowland tropical forest regions have been severely overlooked. The geopolitical strategy to deploy many more large hydropower infrastructure projects in regions like lowland Amazonia should be urgently reassessed, and we strongly advise that long-term biodiversity impacts should be explicitly included in pre-approval environmental impact assessments

Instability of insular tree communities in an Amazonian mega-dam is driven by impaired recruitment and altered species composition

Mega-dams create highly fragmented archipelagos, affecting biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in remnant forest isolates. This study assessed the long-term impact of dam-induced fragmentation on insular tropical tree communities, with the aim of generating robust recommendations to mitigate some of the detrimental biodiversity impacts associated with future dam development. We inventoried adult and sapling trees across 89 permanent plots, located on 36 islands and in three mainland continuous forest sites in the Balbina Dam, Brazilian Amazon. We examined differences in recruitment, structure, and composition of sapling and adult tree communities, in relation to plot-, patch- and landscape-scale attributes including area, isolation, and fire severity. Islands harboured significantly lower sapling (mean ± 95% CI 48.6 ± 3.8) and adult (5 ± 0.2) tree densities per 0.01 ha, than nearby mainland continuous forest (saplings, 65.7 ± 7.5; adults, 5.6 ± 0.3). Insular sapling and adult tree communities were more dissimilar than in mainland sites, and species compositions showed a directional shift away from mainland forests, induced by fire severity, island area, and isolation. Insular sapling recruitment declined with increasing fire severity; tree communities with higher community-weighted mean wood density showed the greatest recruitment declines. Our results suggest that insular tree communities are unstable, with rare species becoming extinction-prone due to reduced tree recruitment and density on islands, potentially leading to future losses in biodiversity and ecosystem functioning across Balbina's >3,500 reservoir islands. Policy implications. In Balbina, fire and reduced habitat area and connectivity were drivers of tree community decay after only 28 years of insularization, despite strict protection provided by the ~940,000 ha Uatumã Biological Reserve. Given that many dams are planned for lowland, moderately undulating Amazonia, we recommend that dam development strategy explicitly considers (a) dam location, aiming to minimize creation of small (<10 ha) and isolated islands, (b) maintaining reservoir water levels during droughts to reduce fire risk, and (c) including aggregate island area in environmental impact and offset calculations. Ideally, we recommend that alternatives to hydropower be sought in lowland tropical regions, due to the far-reaching biodiversity losses and ecosystem disruption caused by river impoundment