La enseñanza - aprendizaje del análisis sintáctico de las oraciones compuestas subordinadas en los estudiantes de duodécimo grado del bachillerato en humanidades del Instituto Urraca

Se trata de una investigación acerca de la enseñanza-aprendizaje del análisis sintáctico de las oraciones compuestas subordinadas en los estudiantes de duodécimo grado del Bachillerato en Humanidades del Instituto Urracá, con la finalidad de contribuir a mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la gramática española. Mediante dos encuestas (una a docentes y la otra a estudiantes), se intentó saber cuáles son las estrategias metodológicas empleadas por los docentes para enseñar el análisis sintáctico de la oración subordinada. También, se identificaron los problemas más frecuentes en el análisis sintáctico de este tipo de oración compuesta y sus posibles causas. Se Incluyen tópicos como las dificultades en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la sintaxis española y estrategias metodológicas para la enseñanza del análisis sintáctico de oraciones subordinadas. Con base en los resultados de la investigación, se sustenta que hay deficiencias durante el desarrollo del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de este contenido gramatical, porque los alumnos tienen dificultades al analizar sintácticamente este tipo de oración compuesta, no prestan atención y los docentes evalúan solo con ejercicios prácticos. Al final, se presenta una propuesta para el mejoramiento de la enseñanza del análisis sintáctico de oración subordinada en este colegio de educación media

Utilizing field collected insects for next generation sequencing: effects of sampling, storage and DNA extraction methods

DNA sequencing technologies continue to advance the biological sciences, expanding opportunities for genomic studies of non‐model organisms for basic and applied questions. Despite these opportunities, many next generation sequencing protocols have been developed assuming a substantial quantity of high molecular weight DNA (>100 ng), which can be difficult to obtain for many study systems. In particular, the ability to sequence field‐collected specimens that exhibit varying levels of DNA degradation remains largely unexplored. In this study we investigate the influence of five traditional insect capture and curation methods on Double‐Digest Restriction Enzyme Associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing success for three wild bee species. We sequenced a total of 105 specimens (between 7–13 specimens per species and treatment). We additionally investigated how different DNA quality metrics (including pre‐sequence concentration and contamination) predicted downstream sequencing success, and also compared two DNA extraction methods. We report successful library preparation for all specimens, with all treatments and extraction methods producing enough highly reliable loci for population genetic analyses. Although results varied between species, we found that specimens collected by net sampling directly into 100% EtOH, or by passive trapping followed by 100% EtOH storage before pinning tended to produce higher quality ddRAD assemblies, likely as a result of rapid specimen desiccation. Surprisingly, we found that specimens preserved in propylene glycol during field sampling exhibited lower‐quality assemblies. We provide recommendations for each treatment, extraction method, and DNA quality assessment, and further encourage researchers to consider utilizing a wider variety of specimens for genomic analysesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Therapeutic Efficacy of Human Monoclonal Antibodies against Andes Virus Infection in Syrian Hamsters

Andes virus, an orthohantavirus endemic to South America, causes severe hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome associated with human-to-human transmission. No approved treatments or vaccines against this virus are available. We show that a combined treatment with 2 monoclonal antibodies protected Syrian hamsters when administered at midstage or late-stage disease.Peer Reviewe

Lxs chamanxs de la teknociencia

Convocatoria internacional realizada por lxs Chamanxs de la teknociencia en 2015, donde accionaron más de 40 artistas y colectivos alrededor de distintos países. A través de esta convocatoria declaramos oficialmente que el 12 de Octubre es el DÍA DEL DOLOR COLONIAL y convocamos a artistas, performers, activistas, colectivos, organizaciones y todo tipo de personas de todos los países del mundo a realizar acciones el día 12 de Octubre. La idea es realizar una serie de acciones distribuidas que sucedan simultáneamente ese día en distintos horarios y lugares del mundo. Tenemos por objetivo que todos podamos expresar nuestro dolor colonial, punto de vista o reclamo respecto a este día y la colonización. No habrá proceso de selección, todos pueden participar

ApoER2 expression increases Aβ production while decreasing Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) endocytosis: Possible role in the partitioning of APP into lipid rafts and in the regulation of γ-secretase activity

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The generation of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) through the proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a central event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies highlight APP endocytosis and localization to lipid rafts as important events favoring amyloidogenic processing. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these events are poorly understood. ApoER2 is a member of the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) family exhibiting slow endocytosis rate and a significant association with lipid rafts. Despite the important neurophysiological roles described for ApoER2, little is known regarding how ApoER2 regulates APP trafficking and processing.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here, we demonstrate that ApoER2 physically interacts and co-localizes with APP. Remarkably, we found that ApoER2 increases cell surface APP levels and APP association with lipid rafts. The increase of cell surface APP requires the presence of ApoER2 cytoplasmic domain and is a result of decreased APP internalization rate. Unexpectedly, ApoER2 expression correlated with a significant increase in Aβ production and reduced levels of APP-CTFs. The increased Aβ production was dependent on the integrity of the NPxY endocytosis motif of ApoER2. We also found that expression of ApoER2 increased APP association with lipid rafts and increased γ-secretase activity, both of which might contribute to increased Aβ production.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These findings show that ApoER2 negatively affects APP internalization. However, ApoER2 expression stimulates Aβ production by shifting the proportion of APP from the non-rafts to the raft membrane domains, thereby promoting β-secretase and γ-secretase mediated amyloidogenic processing and also by incrementing the activity of γ-secretase.</p

Characterisation of different Chilean Capsicum spp. varieties and the antifungal activity of their aqueous extracts

The increase in fungal resistance to synthetic antifungals used in agrifood production has brought the need to develop new technologies based on an eco-friendly approach. The main aim of this work was to evaluate the antifungal potential of Chilean Capsicum spp. extracts against plant pathogens and mycotoxigenic fungi found in agrifood production. Five different varieties of Chilean Capsicum spp. were obtained from both farmers and local markets in the city of Temuco, Chile. A specialist Botanist at the Universidad de La Frontera (Chile) confirmed the identification of pepper species and varieties. Fresh samples were grounded with a blender and freeze-dried for 7 days in the dark. After that, dry powder samples were stored at -20 °C in the dark until use. Pepper pod aqueous extracts were obtained by blending the freeze-dried puree from Capsicum spp. with 300 mL distilled water. Samples were incubated at 90°C for 20 minutes in a water bath with intermittent cycles of manual stirring every 2 minutes. The determination of capsaicinoid content was performed on an HPLC-FD system and the total polyphenols content was performed on an HPLC-DAD system. The antioxidant activity was carried out in a microplate reader using the DPPH and CUPRAC method. Reference strains of Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium and Rhizopus were subjected to susceptibility tests (disc and culture media diffusion methods and MIC assay) against different concentrations of each pepper pod extract. Pure capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin and amphotericin B were used as standard in the susceptibility tests. Significant differences in the concentration of capsaicinoids were found among the different varieties of the same Capsicum species. The pepper pod extracts affected the macro- and micro-morphological features of the analysed filamentous fungal strains. Fungal strains belonging to the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium and Rhizopus produced mycelium with thinning, fragile and easily-break structure. In addition, their conidiophores became fragile presenting easily-break structures. Regarding other fungal genera (data not shown), the main alteration was the absence of conidiophore formation in some strains. The morphological changes observed in the filamentous fungi strains suggest the fungistatic potential of pepper pod extracts. Results suggest pepper pod extracts could not kill non/target fungal biodiversity but could control the growth and reproduction of some fungal plant pathogens. Inhibition of mycotoxin production is now under evaluation. Additional work is being developed in the field to validate the in vitro results.ANID (Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, Chile) through the ANID/FONDECYT/1221024 project. This work was partially funded by the Universidad de La Frontera (Chile). Authors thank the InES19-FRO19001 project, funded by the Ministerio de Educación (Chile) and executed by the Universidad de La Frontera. The authors thank Professor Ruben Carrillo (UFRO) for his support in confirming the pepper species and varieties identification.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio