Seleção de milho para tolerância a alumínio.

Solos acidos sao frequentemente em areas tropicais do mundo. Os solos que mais atingem a adaptacao de plantas nessas regioes sao os Oxisolos, que ocupam 8,11% das terras do planeta. Sao solos muito intemperizados e tem baixa capacidade de troca de cations. E comum apresentarem deficiencia de Ca e Mg, presenca de aluminio trocavel e possibilidade de fixacao de fosfatos em minerais como sesquioxidos. Uma alta saturacao de aluminio no solo e toxico para o desenvolvimento de plantas. Aluminio afeta muitos processos fisiologicos, bioquimicos e metabolicos da planta e pode causar injurias as raizes. Metodologia de solucao nutritiva e teste no campo tem sido desenvolvidas para uso em melhoramento. Ja foi dectada variabilidade para tolerancia a aluminio em milho e tolerancia a aluminio tem sido desenvolvidos e a tolerancia tem sido adicionada a genotipos de alta produtividade e estaveis. Estuda-se tambem a associacao de tolerancia a aluminio com eficiencia de fosforo em solos acidos

Environmental transmission of Toxoplasma gondii: Oocysts in water, soil and food

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan parasite that can cause morbidity and mortality in humans, domestic animals, and terrestrial and aquatic wildlife. The environmentally robust oocyst stage of T. gondii is fundamentally critical to the parasite\u27s success, both in terms of its worldwide distribution as well as the extensive range of infected intermediate hosts. Despite the limited definitive host species (domestic and wild felids), infections have been reported on every continent, and in terrestrial as well as aquatic environments. The remarkable resistance of the oocyst wall enables dissemination of T. gondii through watersheds and ecosystems, and long-term persistence in diverse foods such as shellfish and fresh produce. Here, we review the key attributes of oocyst biophysical properties that confer their ability to disseminate and survive in the environment, as well as the epidemiological dynamics of oocyst sources including domestic and wild felids. This manuscript further provides a comprehensive review of the pathways by which T. gondii oocysts can infect animals and people through the environment, including in contaminated foods, water or soil. We conclude by identifying critical control points for reducing risk of exposure to oocysts as well as opportunities for future synergies and new directions for research aimed at reducing the burden of oocyst-borne toxoplasmosis in humans, domestic animals, and wildlife

An Effective Hash-Based Assessment and Recovery Algorithm for Healthcare Systems

The immense improvements in the latest internet inventions encouraged the adaptation of technology within the healthcare sector. The healthcare systems storing highly sensitive information can be targeted by attackers aiming to insert, delete, or modify the data stored. These malicious activities may cause severe damage to the database accessibility and lead to catastrophic long-term harm to the patients’ health. The adaptation of the most advanced security paradigm does not guarantee full protection. It is possible that the attack is not directly detected. This highlights the need to assess the widespread damage scale before starting the repair of the inconsistent medical database. Within the scope of the damage assessment and recovery, several matrices-based, cluster-based, and graph-based models were introduced. The objective of this work is to correctly assess the damage and recover the database within a suitable time frame and efficient utilization of memory. We use a lightweight structure based on hash tables to gauge the incurred damage and recuperate quickly following an attack. The presented approach is contrasted with other existing ones and demonstrated superior performance